scholarly journals Exploratory Profiling of Extracellular MicroRNAs in Cerebrospinal Fluid Comparing Leptomeningeal Metastasis with Other Central Nervous System Tumor Statuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 4860
Author(s):  
Ji Hye Im ◽  
Tae Hoon Kim ◽  
Kyue-Yim Lee ◽  
Ho-Shin Gwak ◽  
Weiwei Lin ◽  
...  

The diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is often difficult due to the paucity of cancer cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and nonspecific findings on neuroimaging. Investigations of extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) in CSF could be used for both the diagnosis and study of LM pathogenesis because they reflect the activity of disseminating cancer cells. We isolated CSF extracellular miRNAs from patients (n = 65) of different central nervous system tumor statuses, including cancer control, healthy control, LM, brain metastasis (BM), and primary brain tumor (BT) groups, and performed miRNA microarrays. In unsupervised clustering analyses, all LM and two BM samples showed unique profiles. Among 30 miRNAs identified for LM-specific biomarkers via a Prediction Analysis of Microarrays, miR-335-5p and miR-34b-3p were confirmed in both the discovery and validation samples (n = 23). Next, we performed a significance analysis of the microarray (SAM) to extract discriminative miRNA profiles of two selected CSF groups, with LM samples revealing a greater number of discriminative miRNAs than BM and BT samples compared to controls. Using SAM comparisons between LM and BM samples, we identified 30 upregulated and 6 downregulated LM miRNAs. To reduce bias from different primary cancers, we performed a subset analysis with primary non-small cell lung cancer, and 12 of 13 upregulated miRNAs in LM vs. BM belonged to the upregulated miRNAs in LM. We identified possible target genes and their biological processes that could be affected by LM discriminative miRNAs in NSCLC using the gene ontology database. In conclusion, we identified a unique extracellular miRNA profile in LM CSF that was different from BM, suggesting the use of miRNAs as LM biomarkers in studies of LM pathogenesis.

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Matthew Dankner ◽  
Stephanie Lam ◽  
Theresa Degenhard ◽  
Livia Garzia ◽  
Marie-Christine Guiot ◽  
...  

Metastasis to the central nervous system occurs in approximately 20% of patients with advanced solid cancers such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma. While central nervous system metastases most commonly form in the brain parenchyma, metastatic cancer cells may also reside in the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord to form tumors called leptomeningeal metastases. Leptomeningeal metastasis involves cancer cells that reach the subarachnoid space and proliferate in the cerebrospinal fluid compartment within the leptomeninges, a sequela associated with a myriad of symptoms and poor prognosis. Cancer cells exposed to cerebrospinal fluid in the leptomeninges must contend with a unique microenvironment from those that establish within the brain or other organs. Leptomeningeal lesions provide a formidable clinical challenge due to their often-diffuse infiltration within the subarachnoid space. The molecular mechanisms that promote the establishment of leptomeningeal metastases have begun to be elucidated, demonstrating that it is a biological entity distinct from parenchymal brain metastases and is associated with specific molecular drivers. In this review, we outline the current state of knowledge pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment, and molecular underpinnings of leptomeningeal metastasis.


2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 083-085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Ailawadhi ◽  
M.C. Sharma ◽  
A.K. Mahapatra ◽  
P. Sarat Chandra

Abstract Cerebellar liponeurocytoma consists of well-differentiated neurons with the cytology of neurocytes in addition to a population of lipidized cells. Hence it is biphasic in appearance and has been included in the category of glioneuronal tumors of the central nervous system by the WHO working group on the Classification of Tumors of the Nervous System. However, liponeurocytoma is not exclusive to the cerebellar or fourth ventricular location. Since its inclusion in the central nervous system tumor classification, nine cases with similar histological and immunohistochemical features have also been described in the lateral ventricles. We describe here such a lateral ventricular tumour in a 30-year-old woman, characteristically showing divergent glio-neuronal differentiation and lipidized neoplastic cells. Therefore, we suggest that future WHO tumor classification should consider that liponeurocytomas are not entirely restricted to the cerebellum and henceforth change of nomenclature might be considered, as also pointed out by other authors.


1997 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. S251
Author(s):  
M.E. Kusak ◽  
J.M. Alonso ◽  
D. Santamarta ◽  
I. Recio ◽  
J.M. Borrás ◽  
...  

1991 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Tashiro ◽  
Toru Nakano ◽  
Tasuku Honjo ◽  
Tomokazu Aoki ◽  
Shin-ichi Miyatake ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Ram Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Bibek KC ◽  
Gopal Sedain ◽  
Gita Sayami ◽  
Sushil Shilpakar ◽  
...  

Introduction: CNS tumor requires intraoperative decision making regarding the extent of tumor removal. Clinical examination and imaging studies are not sufficient enough to predict the biological behavior of the tumors. Squash cytology is a quick method of evaluation of cytomorphologic features prepared from smear technique and provide the preliminary diagnosis and aid in intraoperative decision making by differentiating neoplastic from non neoplastic and benign from malignant lesions. The aim of this study is compare the diagnostic accuracy of squash cytology to that of histopathological examination. Methods: This study consists of 36 specimens from both brain and spine subjected to both squash cytology and histopathological evaluation. The squash preparation and histopathological finding were later compared and diagnostic accuracy calculated. Results: Gliomas are the most common tumor encountered and the accuracy of Squash cytology obtained was 71%. In meningioma, 100% diagnostic accuracy was obtained however, there was limitation in accurately predict the subgroup of tumor by squash cytology alone. Other neoplastic lesions included in this study were Schwannoma, Oligodendroglioma, Ependymoma, mixed tumors and others. Overall, the accuracy predicted by squash cytology is found to be 77.8 % in this study. Conclusion: Squash cytology is rapid and reliable method of tissue diagnosis that aid in intraoperative decision making regarding the extent of Central Nervous System tumor excision


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