scholarly journals Hindbrain Administration of Oxytocin Reduces Food Intake, Weight Gain and Activates Catecholamine Neurons in the Hindbrain Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 5078
Author(s):  
Vishwanath T. Anekonda ◽  
Benjamin W. Thompson ◽  
Jacqueline M. Ho ◽  
Zachary S. Roberts ◽  
Melise M. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Downstream Targets ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Catecholamine Neurons ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Existing studies show that CNS oxytocin (OT) signaling is important in the control of energy balance, but it is unclear which neurons may contribute to these effects. Our goals were to examine (1) the dose-response effects of acute OT administration into the third (3V; forebrain) and fourth (4V; hindbrain) ventricles to assess sensitivity to OT in forebrain and hindbrain sites, (2) the extent to which chronic 4V administration of OT reduces weight gain associated with the progression of diet-induced obesity, and (3) whether nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) catecholamine neurons are downstream targets of 4V OT. Initially, we examined the dose-response effects of 3V and 4V OT (0.04, 0.2, 1, or 5 μg). 3V and 4V OT (5 μg) suppressed 0.5-h food intake by 71.7 ± 6.0% and 60 ± 12.9%, respectively. 4V OT (0.04, 0.2, 1 μg) reduced food intake by 30.9 ± 12.9, 42.1 ± 9.4, and 56.4 ± 9.0%, respectively, whereas 3V administration of OT (1 μg) was only effective at reducing 0.5-h food intake by 38.3 ± 10.9%. We subsequently found that chronic 4V OT infusion, as with chronic 3V infusion, reduced body weight gain (specific to fat mass) and tended to reduce plasma leptin in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats, in part, through a reduction in energy intake. Lastly, we determined that 4V OT increased the number of hindbrain caudal NTS Fos (+) neurons (156 ± 25) relative to vehicle (12 ± 3). The 4V OT also induced Fos in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; marker of catecholamine neurons) (+) neurons (25 ± 7%) relative to vehicle (0.8 ± 0.3%). Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that OT within the hindbrain is effective at reducing food intake, weight gain, and adiposity and that NTS catecholamine neurons in addition to non-catecholaminergic neurons are downstream targets of CNS OT.

scholarly journals Effects of estradiol and progesterone on food intake, body weight, and carcass adiposity in weanling rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (5) ◽  
pp. E499-E503 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Schwartz ◽  
G. N. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipoprotein Lipase

The effects of estradiol and progesterone on food intake, body weight, carcass adiposity, and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity were investigated in weanling female rats. Treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB) reduced body weight gain in ovariectomized (OVX) weanlings as it does in adults. However, other responses to EB were attenuated or absent in weanlings. EB treatment did not reduce food intake, carcass adiposity, or adipose tissue LPL activity. This impaired responsiveness to EB may be due to decreased levels of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors in liver and adipose tissue (but not hypothalamus) in weanlings. On the other hand, responsiveness to progesterone was adultlike in weanlings. Treatment of OVX, EB-primed weanlings with progesterone increased food intake, body weight gain, and carcass adiposity. This adultlike responsiveness to progesterone was associated with adultlike levels of adipose tissue progestin receptors. However, progesterone treatment did not increase adipose tissue LPL activity in weanlings, indicating that changes in LPL activity are not necessary for progesterone-induced obesity.

scholarly journals Aliskiren reduces body-weight gain, adiposity and plasma leptin during diet-induced obesity

2009 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Stucchi ◽  
Victoria Cano ◽  
Mariano Ruiz-Gayo ◽  
María S Fernández-Alfonso
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Plasma Leptin

scholarly journals Commensal Hafnia alvei strain reduces food intake and fat mass in obese mice—a new potential probiotic for appetite and body weight management

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Legrand ◽  
Nicolas Lucas ◽  
Manon Dominique ◽  
Saida Azhar ◽  
Camille Deroissart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Hafnia Alvei ◽  
Reduced Body

Abstract Background/objectives Based on the recent identification of E.coli heat shock protein ClpB as a mimetic of the anorexigenic α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), the objective of this study was to preclinically validate Hafnia alvei, a ClpB-producing commensal bacterium as a potential probiotic for appetite and body weight management in overweight and obesity. Methods The involvement of enterobacterial ClpB in the putative anti-obesity effects was studied using ClpB-deficient E.coli. A food-grade H. alvei HA4597 strain synthetizing the ClpB protein with an α-MSH-like motif was selected as a candidate probiotic to be tested in ob/ob and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese and overweight mice. The relevance of the enterobacterial ClpB gene to human obesity was studied by in silico analysis of fecal metagenomes of 569 healthy individuals from the “MetaHIT” database. Results Chronic per os administration of native but not ClpB-deficient E.coli strain reduced body weight gain (p < 0.05) and daily meal frequency (p < 0.001) in ob/ob mice. Oral gavage of H.alvei for 18 and 46 days in ob/ob and HFD-fed obese mice, respectively, was well tolerated, reduced body weight gain and fat mass in both obesity models (p < 0.05) and decreased food intake in hyperphagic ob/ob mice (p < 0.001). Elevated fat tissue levels of phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase were detected in H.alvei -treated ob/ob mice (p < 0.01). Enterobacterial ClpB gene richness was lower in obese vs. non-obese humans (p < 0.0001) and correlated negatively with BMI in genera of Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Hafnia. Conclusions H.alvei HA4597 strain reduces food intake, body weight and fat mass gain in hyperphagic and obese mice. These data combined with low enterobacterial ClpB gene abundance in the microbiota of obese humans provide the rationale for using H.alvei as a probiotic for appetite and body weight management in overweight and obesity.

Pulmonary delivery of anorectic oxyntomodulin in rats: food intake suppression, reduced body weight gain and pharmacokinetics

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya P Nadkarni ◽  
Matthew S Halquist ◽  
H Thomas Karnes ◽  
Richard M Costanzo ◽  
Masahiro Sakagami
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Pulmonary Delivery ◽  
Reduced Body

Metabolic features of diet-induced obesity without hyperphagia in young rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (3) ◽  
pp. R433-R440 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Levin ◽  
J. Triscari ◽  
A. C. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Brown Adipose

Diet-induced obesity (DIO) developed in 1-mo-old male Sprague-Dawley rats over an 8-wk period on a relatively high-fat (16%) high-calorie (4.6 kcal/g) diet (DIO diet). Percent carcass lipid (56%) and body weight gain (15%) were greater, whereas food intake was decreased over the first 3-5 wk in DIO diet-compared with chow-fed controls. Overall, 8-wk body weight gain (15%), percent carcass lipid (26%), and feed efficiency (15%) were greater, but food intake was not increased. Norepinephrine (NE) turnover rate, indicative of organ sympathetic activity, increased in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT; 57-218%), heart (21-44%), and pancreas (25%) during the first 3 wk and remained elevated for the entire 8 wk. IBAT weight (51%) and in vitro lipolytic capacity (68%) increased by 1 wk and brown adipocyte size (43%) by 3 wk; IBAT thermogenic capacity (maximal NE-stimulated in vitro O2 consumption) increased by 5 wk (39%). Plasma insulin levels were similar in both diet groups over the entire 8-wk period. Why DIO diet-fed rats had increased metabolic efficiency is unknown, but activation of IBAT metabolism and thermogenesis failed to prevent the development of DIO.

Feeding and temperature responses to intravenous leptin infusion are differential predictors of obesity in rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (4) ◽  
pp. R756-R763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre Ruffin ◽  
Tiziana Adage ◽  
Folkert Kuipers ◽  
Jan H. Strubbe ◽  
Anton J. W. Scheurink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Obesity is frequently associated with leptin resistance. The present study investigated whether leptin resistance in rats is present before obesity develops, and thus could underlie obesity induced by 16 wk exposure to a liquid, palatable, high-energy diet (HED). Before HED exposure, male Wistar rats (weighing between 330 and 360 g) received intravenous infusions of 20 μg leptin 2 h before dark (∼57 μg/kg rat). Relative to saline infusion, this caused a highly variable effect on food intake (ranging between -94 and +129%), with food intake suppression that appeared negatively correlated with HED-induced increases in body weight gain, caloric intake, adiposity, and plasma leptin levels. In contrast, leptin's thermogenic response was positively correlated to body weight gain linked to weights of viscera, but not to adiposity. Before HED exposure, leptin unexpectedly increased food intake in some rats (fi+, n = 8), whereas others displayed the normal reduction in food intake (fi-, n = 7). HED-exposed fi+ rats had higher plasma leptin levels, retroperitoneal fat pad weight, HED intake, and body weight gain than fi- and chow-fed rats. These parameters were also higher in HED-exposed fi- rats relative to chow rats, except for plasma leptin concentrations. It is concluded that leptin's reduced efficacy to suppress food intake could predict obesity on an HED. An unexpected orexigenic effect of leptin might potentially contribute to this as well.

scholarly journals Neonatal nutritional programming impairs adiponectin effects on energy homeostasis in adult life of male rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. E29-E37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Peduti Halah ◽  
Paula Beatriz Marangon ◽  
Jose Antunes-Rodrigues ◽  
Lucila L. K. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Nutritional Programming

Neonatal nutritional changes induce long-lasting effects on energy homeostasis. Adiponectin influences food intake and body weight. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neonatal nutritional programming on the central stimulation of adiponectin. Male Wistar rats were divided on postnatal (PN) day 3 in litters of 3 (small litter, SL), 10 (normal litter, NL), or 16 pups/dam (large litter, LL). We assessed body weight gain for 60 days, adiponectin concentration, and white adipose tissue weight. We examined the response of SL, NL, and LL rats on body weight gain, food intake, oxygen consumption (V̇o2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), calorimetry, locomotor activity, phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression in the hypothalamus, and uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 in the brown adipose tissue after central stimulus with adiponectin. After weaning, SL rats maintained higher body weight gain despite similar food intake compared with NL rats. LL rats showed lower body weight at weaning, with a catch up afterward and higher food intake. Both LL and SL groups had decreased plasma concentrations of adiponectin at PN60. SL rats had increased white adipose tissue. Central injection of adiponectin decreased body weight and food intake and increased V̇o2, RER, calorimetry, p-AMPK and UCP- 1 expression in NL rats, but it had no effect on SL and LL rats, compared with the respective vehicle groups. In conclusion, neonatal under- and overfeeding induced an increase in body weight gain in juvenile and early adult life. Unresponsiveness to central effects of adiponectin contributes to the imbalance of the energy homeostasis in adult life induced by neonatal nutritional programming.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiome Derived From Anorexia Nervosa Patients Impairs Weight Gain and Behavioral Performance in Female Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (10) ◽  
pp. 2441-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomokazu Hata ◽  
Noriyuki Miyata ◽  
Shu Takakura ◽  
Kazufumi Yoshihara ◽  
Yasunari Asano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Compulsive Behavior ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Poor Weight Gain

Abstract Anorexia nervosa (AN) results in gut dysbiosis, but whether the dysbiosis contributes to AN-specific pathologies such as poor weight gain and neuropsychiatric abnormalities remains unclear. To address this, germ-free mice were reconstituted with the microbiota of four patients with restricting-type AN (gAN mice) and four healthy control individuals (gHC mice). The effects of gut microbes on weight gain and behavioral characteristics were examined. Fecal microbial profiles in recipient gnotobiotic mice were clustered with those of the human donors. Compared with gHC mice, gAN mice showed a decrease in body weight gain, concomitant with reduced food intake. Food efficiency ratio (body weight gain/food intake) was also significantly lower in gAN mice than in gHC mice, suggesting that decreased appetite as well as the capacity to convert ingested food to unit of body substance may contribute to poor weight gain. Both anxiety-related behavior measured by open-field tests and compulsive behavior measured by a marble-burying test were increased only in gAN mice but not in gHC mice. Serotonin levels in the brain stem of gAN mice were lower than those in the brain stem of gHC mice. Moreover, the genus Bacteroides showed the highest correlation with the number of buried marbles among all genera identified. Administration of Bacteroides vulgatus reversed compulsive behavior but failed to exert any substantial effect on body weight. Collectively, these results indicate that AN-specific dysbiosis may contribute to both poor weight gain and mental disorders in patients with AN.

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