scholarly journals Selecting Appropriate Sarcopenia Screening Methods for Asian Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2333
Author(s):  
Yu-Ching Lin ◽  
Yi-Chien Lu ◽  
Fang-Ping Chen ◽  
Ying Chin Lin ◽  
Yun-Chung Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Total Fat

We aimed to determine the most appropriate sarcopenia screening method for Asian populations. We retrospectively studied the physiological differences between the sexes in healthy individuals and prospectively compared using skeletal muscle mass versus handgrip strength (HS) to screen for sarcopenia in a community-based population. Skeletal muscle mass was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Of 5881 healthy individuals recruited, 101 were from urban populations and 349 from a community-based population. The sexes were comparable in total lean muscle mass declines after peaking around 20 years of age. An age-dependent decline in total fat mass was found only among men;a persistent increase in total fat mass was observed only among women. The prevalence of low skeletal muscle mass significantly increased with age in both sexes only when applying the weight-adjusted skeletal muscle index (wSMI); it was significant only among men when applying the height-adjusted skeletal muscle index (hSMI). Using HS resulted in a much higher prevalence of sarcopenia in both sexes. A significant age-dependent increase in fat mass in women showed that the most appropriate adjustment method is wSMI for women and hSMI for men. Nevertheless, a primary HS survey is recommended for both sexes in Asian populations.

scholarly journals 1244Associations of endothelial function, arterial elasticity, and arterial stiffness with adiponectin and skeletal muscle mass

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew O. Agbaje ◽  
Alan R. Barker ◽  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Arterial Elasticity ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Background A temporal association where better arterial function and structure predicts adiponectin level and skeletal muscle mass during childhood remains uninvestigated. Methods We studied 5566 children and adolescents (51% girls) aged 9-11 years from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort, Bristol, UK. Brachial artery endothelial function was determined using flow-mediated dilation (FMD), expressed as the percentage change in diameter from baseline after reactive hyperemia; arterial elasticity as distensibility coefficient (DC) expressed in mean percentage change in cross-sectional area relative to blood pressure (BP); and arterial stiffness by carotid to radial pulse wave velocity (crPWV). Skeletal muscle mass and total fat mass were assessed by dual-energy Xray absorptiometry. We conducted multivariable linear regressions with Sidak correction and adjusted for age, sex, total fat mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, pubertal status, brachial artery diameter, systolic BP, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mother’s social-economic class, and time (years) between the measurement of predictors and outcomes. Results FMD (β [95% CI]) = (0.027 [0.007 to 0.047]; P = 0.009) and DC (0.229 [0.088 to 0.369]; P = 0.001) were directly associated with skeletal muscle mass. FMD had a borderline inverse association with adiponectin (-0.004 [-0.008 to < 0.0001]; P = 0.056). crPWV was unrelated to adiponectin and skeletal muscle mass, while DC was not associated with adiponectin. Conclusions Better endothelial function and arterial elasticity were associated with higher skeletal muscle mass while arterial stiffness was unrelated to adiponectin and lean mass. Key message Healthy arterial function and structure may enhance muscle growth in children.

scholarly journals Rapid Depletions of Subcutaneous Fat Mass and Skeletal Muscle Mass Predict Worse Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Sorafenib

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Imai ◽  
Koji Takai ◽  
Takao Miwa ◽  
Daisuke Taguchi ◽  
Tatsunori Hanai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Sorafenib Treatment ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Fat Mass Index

The aim of this study was to investigate whether rapid depletions of fat mass and skeletal muscle mass predict mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with sorafenib. This retrospective study evaluated 61 HCC patients. The cross-sectional areas of visceral and subcutaneous fat mass and skeletal muscle mass were measured by computed tomography, from which the visceral fat mass index (VFMI), subcutaneous fat mass index (SFMI), and skeletal muscle index (L3SMI) were obtained. The relative changes in these indices per 120 days (ΔVFMI, ΔSFMI, and ΔL3SMI) before and after sorafenib treatment were calculated in each patient. Patients within the 20th percentile cutoffs for these indices were classified into the rapid depletion (RD) group. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that with respect to ΔL3SMI (p = 0.0101) and ΔSFMI (p = 0.0027), the RD group had a significantly poorer survival. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional-hazards model also demonstrated that ΔL3SMI (≤−5.73 vs. >−5.73; hazard ratio [HR]: 4.010, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.799–8.938, p = < 0.001) and ΔSFMI (≤−5.33 vs. >−5.33; HR: 4.109, 95% CI: 1.967–8.584, p = < 0.001) were independent predictors. Rapid depletions of subcutaneous fat mass and skeletal muscle mass after the introduction of sorafenib indicate a poor prognosis.

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle index and its association with mobility among community‐dwelling older women

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
ZBIGNIEW M. OSSOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Older People ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Chair Stand

Background: The loss of muscle function and reduced mobility levels are the main reasons for the limitations of independence and disability in older people. The main aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the skeletal muscle index and mobility in older women. Material and methods: ‪The study involved 166 older women. Skeletal muscle mass and other body components were determined by bioimpedance using an InBody 720 device. Functional mobility was evaluated with the timed up-and-go test. 30-second chair stand was also used to measure the level of functional strength in lower extremities. Results: ‪The skeletal muscle index was positively correlated with functional mobility (r=-0.22; p=0.00) and 30-second chair stand (r=-0.47; p=0.00). However, the strength of lower extremities was a significantly better parameter in predicting mobility in older women than the skeletal muscle index and skeletal muscle mass. Conclusions: The functional strength of lower extremity muscles and the skeletal muscle index can have a positive effect on functional mobility in older people. The results may be helpful in clinical practice when diagnosing mobility limitations and in the process of programming physical activity of older women aimed at the prevention of sarcopenia.

Appendicular skeletal muscle mass to truncal fat mass ratio as a new index for osteosarcopenic obesity syndrome in older adults: emphasizing the role of central obesity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lazuardhi Dwipa ◽  
Rini Widiastuti ◽  
Alif Bagus Rakhimullah ◽  
Marcellinus Maharsidi ◽  
Yuni Susanti Pratiwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass

Abstract Background The relationship between obesity and low bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults is still unclear. Most of the previous study did not account the factor of sarcopenia which is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass due to aging, and distribution of fat in obesity. Thus, this study was aimed to explore the correlation between appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), total fat mass (FM), and truncal fat mass (TrFM) as well as indexes (ASMM/FM and ASMM/TrFM ratio) with BMD in older adults.Methods This was an analytic cross-sectional study. Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) were used to assess BMD and body composition, respectively. Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass (ASMM) were used in the analysis to reflect sarcopenia, Fat Mass (FM) and Trunkal Fat Mass (TrFM) were used to reflect general and central obesity, respectively. All data were obtained from medical records of Geriatric Clinic of Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Indonesia from January 2014 to December 2018. The correlation between body compositions variable with BMD were analyzed using Spearman’s test. We also conducted a comparison analysis of body composition variables between low and normal BMD using Mann-Whitney test. Results A total of 112 subjects were enrolled in the study. ASMM and TrFM were positive (rs=0.517, p<0.001) and negative (rS=-0.22, p=0.02) correlated with BMD, respectively. FM were not correlated with BMD, rS=-0.113 (p=0.234). As indexes, ASMM/FM and ASMM/TrFM had positive correlation with BMD, rS=0.277 (p<0.001), and rS=0.391 (p<0.001), respectively. The ASMM, TrFM, and ASMM/TrFM ratio between normal and low BMD also significantly different (p<0.001), meanwhile FM were not (p=0.204).Conclusion ASMM and TrFM have a positive and negative correlation with BMD, respectively. ASMM/TrFM ratio as new sarcopenia-central obesity index has a positive correlation with BMD.

scholarly journals Simplified morphological evaluation of skeletal muscle mass and maximum muscle strength in healthy young women: Comparison between thigh and calf

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 174550652096200
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Sit To Stand

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the prediction of skeletal muscle mass and maximum muscle strength using simplified morphology evaluation in young Japanese women from the thigh and calf perspective. Methods: A total of 249 Japanese young women (aged 18–25 years) were used for data analyses in this study. Thigh and calf girths were measured using a tape measure at 50% of thigh length and at 30% proximal of calf length, respectively. Muscle thickness was measured using B-mode ultrasound at the anterior and posterior thigh (at 50% of thigh length) and at the posterior lower leg (at 30% proximal of calf length), respectively. The measurements were carried out on the right side of the body while the participants stood with their elbows extended and relaxed. A stepwise multiple regression analysis (method of increasing and decreasing the variables; criterion set at p < 0.05) was performed for skeletal muscle index (defined by appendicular skeletal muscle mass/height2), handgrip strength, or sit-to-stand test and five variable factors (girth (thigh and calf) and muscle thickness (anterior and posterior thigh and posterior calf)). Results: Unlike the sit-to-stand test, skeletal muscle index or handgrip strength was correlated ( p < 0.001) with the girth or muscle thickness for both thigh and calf. Unlike the sit-to-stand test, the prediction equations for skeletal muscle index and handgrip strength estimation showed significant correlations with multiple regression analysis of data obtained from the calf girth and muscle thickness. In both skeletal muscle index and handgrip strength, calf girth was adopted as a Step 1, respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicated that skeletal muscle index and handgrip strength could be evaluated by the simplified morphology methods, especially that for the calf girth measurement, which may be a good indicator of screening/preventing for sarcopenia in healthy Japanese young women.

P1569ADIPONECTIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECLINE IS SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS AND BONE MINERAL CONTENT IN PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ogawa ◽  
Toshimitsu Koga ◽  
Daisuke Fuwa ◽  
Hirofumi Tamaki ◽  
Takayuki Nanbu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Total Plasma

Abstract Background and Aims Patients on hemodialysis are prone to undernutrition, malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome, and protein-energy wasting (PEW). One of the major adipocytokines adiponectin (ADPN) is involved in anti-arteriosclerotic and anti-inflammatory processes. However, ADPN is implicated in muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass in the elderly in addition to sarcopenia. At the 2019 ERA-EDTA Congress, we announced that total plasma ADPN levels in patients on hemodialysis (HD) showed a significant inverse correlation with BMI, body fat in percentage, mass and estimated skeletal muscle mass, and ADPN may be involved in sarcopenia in patients on HD. Herein, we investigated the association of ADPN level with sarcopenia in patients on HD using a method different from the one used in our previous study. We examined the relationship between total plasma ADPN level and the rate of change in estimated skeletal muscle mass, bone mineral content, and body fat mass over 5 years after the plasma ADPN measurement. Furthermore, we analyzed whether an elevated ADPN level was predictive of a subsequent decline in these parameters. Method Total plasma ADPN levels were measured using ELISA (Bio Vendor-Laboratorni Medicina a.s., Czech Republic) in 42 male patients on HD (age: 51.1 ± 9.0 years, dialysis vintage: 144.8 ± 99.2 months, BMI: 21.8 ± 3.2, dry BW: 62.0 ± 10.9 kg, dialysis time: 15.6 ± 3.1 hours/week). The estimates of skeletal muscle mass, bone mineral content, and body fat mass were made using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) within the same year when total plasma ADPN level were first measured in 2011 as well as in 2016. We then calculated the rates of change in the estimated skeletal muscle mass, bone mineral content, and body fat mass over the 5 years and correlated these parameters with the total plasma ADPN measurements. Results Conclusion Total plasma ADPN levels inversely correlate with larger rates of decrease in estimated skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral content in patients on HD. This suggests that ADPN may play a role in the decline in skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral content over time in patients on HD.

scholarly journals Effects of PM2.5 on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Body Fat Mass of the Elderly in Taipei, Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Hsien Chen ◽  
Li-Ying Huang ◽  
Kang-Yun Lee ◽  
Chih-Da Wu ◽  
Hung-Che Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Body Fat Mass

FRI0323 The association of fat mass and skeletal muscle mass with knee OA: The neo study

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. 423.1-423
Author(s):  
W. Visser ◽  
M. den Heijer ◽  
M. Reijnierse ◽  
R. de Mutsert ◽  
F. Rosendaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Knee Oa

Sarcopenia and altered body composition following abiraterone acetate (AA) and corticosteroid (C) treatment in men with castration-refractory prostate cancer (CRPC).

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15134-e15134
Author(s):  
Deborah Mukherji ◽  
Carmel Jo Pezaro ◽  
Diletta Bianchini ◽  
Nina Tunariu ◽  
Amy Mulick Cassidy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Median Duration ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Advanced Malignancy ◽  
Total Fat

e15134 Background: Sarcopenia, or skeletal muscle wasting, is an independent prognostic factor in advanced malignancy (Prado Lancet Onc 2008). Decreased muscle and increased fat are recognized side effects of androgen deprivation therapy. AA is a CYP17 inhibitor administered with corticosteroids (C), approved for treatment of advanced CRPC. AA reduces circulating androgens to ‘super-castrate’ levels; we hypothesized that AA + C would impact body composition. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 54 CRPC pts treated on a Phase I/II trial. Pts received AA alone followed by combination AA + C on biochemical progression. CT scans at baseline, on AA alone and on AA + C were analyzed. Cross-sectional areas of fat and muscle were measured on 3 consecutive images at L4 using OsiriX 4.0. Muscle area was used to calculate skeletal muscle index (SMI); sarcopenia was defined as SMI <52.4 cm2/m2. Data were analyzed using t-tests and Kaplan-Meier analysis with overall survival (OS) measured from day 1 of AA. Results: Median duration on AA alone was 7.4 months (m; range 1.4-37.5); median duration on concurrent AA + C was 7.4m (range 0.9-46.2). Body composition did not change between two pre-treatment scans (n=29; median 3m apart). On AA alone there was a decrease in total fat (-8.5%, p=0.0001), visceral fat (-9.8%, p=0.0015) and muscle mass (-3.9%, p=0.0023) with a significant decrease in mean body mass index (BMI; -3.4 %, p=0.0118). Conversely AA + C was associated with increased total fat (+15.1%, p<0.0001) and visceral fat (+21.4%, p<0.0001) but no further change in muscle mass. Mean BMI significantly increased on the addition of C, returning to baseline levels (p< 0.0001). Overall, 13 pts (24%) were sarcopenic prior to commencing AA compared to 22 (41%) at the end of treatment. Pts who were sarcopenic at baseline had significantly reduced OS: 26.1m (95%CI 16.6 – 41) vs 46.5m (95%CI 28.6 – 57.5, p=0.0253). Conclusions: Treatment with AA alone resulted in decreased fat and muscle. AA + C increased body fat without further alteration in muscle mass. Changes in BMI did not reflect changes in body composition. Sarcopenia at baseline was a negative prognostic factor in this population.

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