scholarly journals Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Contained in Gut Microbiota as a Primary Source of Sepsis in Low- and Very Low Birth Weight Neonates

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Golińska ◽  
Magdalena Strus ◽  
Anna Tomusiak-Plebanek ◽  
Grażyna Więcek ◽  
Łucja Kozień ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Catheter Tip ◽  
Electrophoresis Method ◽  
Stool Samples

Background: There are only a few reports in the literature about translocation of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) as a primary cause of sepsis in neonates, although CoNS are among a short list of “translocating” bacteria when present in abundance. Methods: 468 blood samples, 119 stool samples, and 8 catheter tips, from 311 neonates, were tested for presence of microorganisms. CoNS strains isolated from the blood and stool or from blood and catheter tip of the same newborn at approximately the same time were paired and typed with PFGE (Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis) method. The strains were then tested for the presence of adherence genes and biofilm formation. Results: The strains with identical PFGE profiles in comparison to those with non-identical profiles differed in terms of the pattern of the virulence genes and showed a lack of the genes related to adherence, but more often presence of IS256, which is related to virulence. They also were phenotypically unable to adhere to intestinal Caco2 cells. Conclusions: A considerable proportion of CoNS strains isolated from bloodstream of VLBW/LWB neonates was identical to the strains isolated from faeces of the same neonates at the same time. These observations may offer indirect evidence indicating that at least some CoNS can translocate from the gastrointestinal tract of the premature neonates into the bloodstream and thus cause generalized infection.

scholarly journals Genotypic Characterization of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci Isolated from Sheep Milk in Slovakia

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Pilipčincová ◽  
Mangesh Bhide ◽  
Eva Dudriková ◽  
Milan Trávniček
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Hitherto very few reports are available presenting identification and molecular characterization of the coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) from sheep milk in the subclinical stage of mastitis. Furthermore, very scanty data are available on the epidemiological status of CNS in different Slovak provinces. Milk samples from 54 sheep farms located in eastern Slovak region were screened. A total 240 CNS were identified with series of biochemical testes (STAPH-API) and subjected further for genotyping with the help of pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The most frequently occurring CNS species according the biochemical characterization were:S. epidermidis(36.3 %),S. caprae(21.3 %),S. hominis(6.6 %),S. chromogenes(6.3 %),S. xylosus(5.8 %),S. warneri(5.0 %) andS. capitis(4.6 %). Further PFGE-based characterization of these isolates revealed six pulsotypes of theS. epidermidis, two ofS. caprae, three ofS. chromogenes, nine ofS. hominis, five ofS. capitisand seven ofS. xylosus. These results contribute to knowledge of the epidemiological situation of the CNS from the subclinical form of mastitis in Slovakia.

scholarly journals Helicobacter cinaedi bacteraemia secondary to enterocolitis in an immunocompetent patient

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Larsen Rasmussen ◽  
Iben Ørsted ◽  
Irene Harder Tarpgaard ◽  
Hans Linde Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Neonatal Meningitis ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Helicobacter Cinaedi ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis

Abstract Background Helicobacter cinaedi are motile, gram-negative spiral rods with a natural reservoir in the intestinal tract of hamsters and rhesus monkeys. In humans, H. cinaedi has been reported in different human infections like fever, abdominal pain, gastroenteritis, proctitis, diarrhoea, erysipelas, cellulitis, arthritis, and neonatal meningitis typically diagnosed by positive blood cultures. Even though H. cinaedi has been detected from human blood and stool the entry of H. cinaedi into the blood stream was undocumented until quite recently. The use of pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) demonstrated that stool- and blood-derived H. cinaedi strains were consistent. Case presentation Here, we describe a rare Danish case of H. cinaedi bacteraemia in an immunocompetent 44-year-old male with diarrhoea. We isolated H. cinaedi from a blood culture taken at admission, and from a FecalSwab taken at day six despite ongoing antibiotic therapy. Next, we made a genetic comparison of both isolates by use of Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST)- and Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-analysis. The two isolates were identical with zero SNPs and by use of MLST the isolate was identified as a novel ST20, confirming previous data of the intestinal tract as a route of H. cinaedi bacteraemia. The results of our AST showed a resistance pattern with higher MICs for ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin than for ampicillin, amoxicillin, gentamicin, and imipenem. The patient was cured with targeted therapy with pivampicillin; however, the primary source of transmission was unknown. Conclusions In conclusion, this case of H. cinaedi bacteraemia secondary to enterocolitis in an immunocompetent patient provide clear evidence that one route of infection occurs through translocation from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream. Helicobacter cinaedi from blood and faeces were identical with a novel ST20, resistant to ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin however, the patient was cured with oral pivampicillin.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Virulence Determinants and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Methicillin—Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Nursing Home in Poland

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Martyna Kasela ◽  
Agnieszka Grzegorczyk ◽  
Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek ◽  
Anna Malm
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis

Nursing homes (NH) contribute to the regional spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, residents are vulnerable to the colonization and subsequent infection of MRSA etiology. We aimed at investigating the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of 21 MRSA collected from the residents and personnel in an NH (Lublin, Poland) during 2018. All MRSA were screened for 20 genes encoding virulence determinants (sea-see, eta, etb, tst, lukS-F-PV, eno, cna, ebpS, fib, bbp, fnbA, fnbB, icaADBC) and for resistance to 18 antimicrobials. To establish the relatedness and clonal complexes of MRSA in NH we applied multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat fingerprinting (MLVF), pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. We identified four sequence types (ST) among two clonal complexes (CC): ST (CC22) known as EMRSA-15 as well as three novel STs—ST6295 (CC8), ST6293 (CC8) and ST6294. All tested MRSA were negative for sec, eta, etb, lukS-F-PV, bbp and ebpS genes. The most prevalent gene encoding toxin was sed (52.4%; n = 11/21), and adhesins were eno and fnbA (100%). Only 9.5% (n = 2/21) of MRSA were classified as multidrug-resistant. The emergence of novel MRSA with a unique virulence and the presence of epidemic clone EMRSA-15 creates challenges for controlling the spread of MRSA in NH.

scholarly journals A simple and ranid method for preparing yeast chromosomes for Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
pp. 6749-6749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Bellis ◽  
Michel Pagès ◽  
Gérard Roizès
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis

scholarly journals Chromosomal transformation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with DNA isolated by pulse field gel electrophoresis.

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1499-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuniyasu GOTO ◽  
Tohru MOTOYOSHI ◽  
Gakuzo TAMURA ◽  
Takaji OBATA ◽  
Shodo HARA
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis

scholarly journals Molecular Typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Medical Centers in Kermanshah Using Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis

2019 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Elahi ◽  
Alisha Akya ◽  
Roya Chegene Lorestani ◽  
Keyghobad Ghadiri ◽  
Shokofe Baakhshii
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Medical Centers

scholarly journals Optimization of Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis for Subtyping of Klebsiella pneumoniae

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2720-2731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Han ◽  
Haijian Zhou ◽  
Haishan Li ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Zhi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis

Κλινική σημασία του αποικισμού του εντέρου με στελέχη Klebsiella pneumoniae που παράγουν καρβαπενεμάσες σε ασθενείς της μονάδας εντατικής θεραπείας

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Κωνσταντίνα Κοντοπούλου
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vitek 2

Σκοπός: Η ανάδειξη της κλινικής σημασίας αποικισμού του ορθού με στελέχη Klebsiella pneumoniae ανθεκτικών στις καρβαπενέμες (CRKP), με την εφαρμογή μοριακών μεθόδων στα στελέχη CRKP που απομονώθηκαν από το ορθό και το αίμα ασθενών της Μονάδας Εντατικής Θεραπείας.Υλικό – μέθοδοι: Πρόκειται για προοπτική μελέτη η οποία διεξήχθη στο Γ.Ν.Θ. «Γ.ΓΕΝΝΗΜΑΤΑΣ» κατά την διάρκεια μιας τριετίας (2011-2014). Το υλικό αποτέλεσαν 498 ασθενείς οι οποίοι νοσηλεύτηκαν το συγκεκριμένο διάστημα στην Μονάδα Εντατικής Θεραπείας. Διενεργήθηκε μονοπαραγοντική και πολυπαραγοντική ανάλυση πιθανών παραγόντων κινδύνου αποικισμού και επακόλουθης σηψαιμίας με CRKP στελέχη. Η συλλογή των επιχρισμάτων ορθού γίνονταν την ημέρα εισαγωγής και στη συνέχεια δύο φορές την εβδομάδα μέχρι την έξοδό του ασθενούς απ΄ την Μ.Ε.Θ (Θάνατος ή μεταφορά σε άλλη κλινική). Καλλιέργειες αίματος λαμβάνονταν από τους ασθενείς με κλινική υποψία σηψαιμίας σε φιαλίδια BACTEC Plus Aerobic/F, Plus Anaerobic/F and Mycosis IC/F,τα οποία επωάζονταν στο αυτοματοποιημένο σύστημα BACTEC 9120 (BD Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, MD, USA). Στα δείγματα ορθού γίνονταν έλεγχος για την ύπαρξη CRKP, με επίστρωση των δειγμάτων σε χρωμοάγαρ (chromIDCARBAprototypemedium –bioMérieux). Η ταυτοποίηση κι ο έλεγχος ευαισθησίας στους αντιμικροβιακούς παράγοντες των στελεχών CRKP ορθού και αίματος έγινε με το αυτοματοποιημένο σύστημα VITEK 2 (bioMerieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). Σε όλα τα υποτιθέμενα απομονωμένα στελέχη CRKP, οι καρβαπενεμάσες ανιχνεύθηκαν με φαινοτυπικά τεστ (φαινυλοβορονικό οξύ και EDTA) και επιβεβαιώθηκαν με μοριακές τεχνικές PCR για γονίδια KPC, IMP και VIM, NDM και ΟΧΑ-48. Η γενετική συγγένεια στελεχών ορθού και αίματος ελέγχθηκε με ηλεκτροφόρηση παλλόμενου ηλεκτρικού πεδίου (PFGE-pulse-field gel electrophoresis) και MLST(multilocussequencetyping). Αποτελέσματα: Από το σύνολο των ασθενών, 226 αποικίστηκαν στο ορθό με στελέχη CRKP,48 από τους οποίους ανέπτυξαν σηψαιμία από αντίστοιχα στελέχη. Η διάρκεια παραμονής στη ΜΕΘ, η αναλογία ασθενών/νοσηλευτή και η προηγούμενη χρήση αντιμικροβιακών παραγόντων με αντιαναερόβια δράση, συσχετίστηκαν με τον αποικισμό οθού.Κανένας συγκεκριμένος παράγοντας δεν συσχετίστηκε με την επακόλουθη εμφάνιση σηψαιμίας.Το γονίδιο blaKPC-2 ανιχνεύθηκε σε όλα τα εξεταζόμενα στελέχη (48 ορθού και 48 αίματος) και όλα ανήκαν στον κλώνο ST-258. Με βάση τα αποτελέσματα της ηλεκτροφόρησης, τα στελέχη του αίματος ήταν γενετικά όμοια με τα αντίστοιχα του ορθού για κάθε ασθενή. Συμπεράσματα: Η μελέτη υποστηρίζει την ισχυρή συσχέτιση μεταξύ αποικισμού και σηψαιμίας, δεδομένου ότι 48 ασθενείς εμφάνισαν λοίμωξη με τα ίδια στελέχη CRKP που είχαν αποικιστεί. Ο περιορισμός της χορήγησης αντιμικροβιακών παραγόντων με αντιαναερόβια δράση, η μείωση της διάρκειας παραμονής στην ΜΕΘ και η διατήρηση ενός χαμηλού λόγου ασθενών/νοσηλευτή, είναι πιθανές στρατηγικές για τον περιορισμό του αποικισμού του ορθού με CRKP στελέχη και την μείωση της διασποράς των στελεχών αυτών.

scholarly journals 1144. Modern Problem, Medieval Cure-Resistant Aeromonas in Medicinal Leeches

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S344-S344
Author(s):  
Leighanne Olivia Parkes ◽  
Kevin Barker ◽  
Susan M Poutanen ◽  
Jennifer M Grant ◽  
Michael Libman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Modern Problem ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Hospital Systems ◽  
The Common ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Medicinal Leeches

Abstract Background Medicinal leeches are used primarily in plastic and reconstructive surgery when venous congestion threatens tissue viability. The associated infection risk ranges from 4.1 to 20%. Prophylactic antimicrobials such as fluoroquinolones (FQ) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) are recommended and target commonly isolated pathogen and gut symbiont, Aeromonas. However, resistance to these agents has been reported and detected in leeches, including at hospital systems across Canada that acquire their stock from the same supplier. Our objective was to describe the local epidemiology of leech-related Aeromonas resistant to one or more commonly used prophylactic agents, and determine if such resistance originates from the common supplier. Methods Six hospital systems across Canada using leech therapy, purchased from the same supplier, were surveyed. A 5-year retrospective review of all antimicrobial resistant leech-related Aeromonas, derived from clinical, leech, and tank fluid specimens was performed. All Aeromonas resistant to either FQ or SXT were included, and retained frozen isolates from each system were analysed by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using a published Aeromonas protocol. Results All six hospital systems reported leech-related Aeromonas resistant to one or more antimicrobials, totalling 15 isolates. Three systems only reported data from the last year. Four systems used FQ and two used SXT as prophylaxis. Fifteen of 15 were either FQ resistant or intermediate, and four of 15 were SXT resistant. Three of 10 isolates tested for ceftriaxone (CRO) susceptibility were resistant. Five of 15 of the isolates were resistant to two or more agents. Of the two leech quality control isolates, 2/2 were FQ resistant and 1/2 was FQ, SXT and CRO resistant. Only three isolates, each from a different, geographically distinct hospital system, had been retained. PFGE analysis indicated 2/3 are closely related (Figure 1). Conclusion Our preliminary investigation suggests that the presence of FQ and SXT resistance in leech-related Aeromonas might be more common than previously suspected, and that such resistance might originate from a common source. A broader study of the molecular epidemiology of leech-related Aeromonas is warranted. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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