helicobacter cinaedi
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Author(s):  
Kateryna Sidak ◽  
Ramón Pérez-Tanoira ◽  
Peña Gomez-Herruz

Abstract Objectives Helicobacter cinaedi is a Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that primarily affects immunosuppressed patients. Case presentation A 49-year-old patient with ulcerative colitis diagnosed in 1992, who presented to the ED of our hospital with fever and testicular complaints. The patient was discharged with a diagnosis of left-sided acute epididymitis, which was probably sexually transmitted. At the ED, he was administered intravenous Ceftriaxone and discharged with a prescription of doxycycline for 10 days, with a good progress. Aerobic cultures were positive at three days from collection. Gram staining showed Gram-negative, corkscrew-shaped bacteria. The analysis of the blood culture bottles, and the colonies grown in Campylosel agar incubated in microaerophilic conditions at 42 °C were identified as H. cinaedi on the Maldi-TOF Biotyper 3.0 system (Bruker Diagnostics Inc.). Conclusions Direct analysis of the blood culture bottle on the Maldi-TOF system allowed for the identification of the etiology of the bacteremia since H. cinaedi could not have been grown in standard culture conditions. The treatment of this infection is a matter of debate; however, the combination of ceftriaxone with doxycycline can be ineffective for bacteremia caused by H. cinaedi infection since it occurs by the translocation of the bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract. This type of bacteremia is associated with intestinal mucosal damage secondary to ulcerative colitis, and it primarily affects immunosuppressed patients.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1315-1322
Author(s):  
Kei Takenaka ◽  
Takeshi Sugimoto ◽  
Kohei Kawamura ◽  
Takeshi Fukumoto ◽  
Kenichiro Onuma ◽  
...  

Fever due to <i>Helicobacter cinaedi</i> bacteremia under chemotherapy has not been widely recognized among clinicians. We experienced a 72-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, who was complicated with <i>H. cinaedi</i> bacteremia-induced fever under R-CHOP chemotherapy. We summarized 6 cases including ours, suggesting that fever without neutropenia developing around day 6 from starting chemotherapy is a possible symptom caused by <i>H. cinaedi</i> bacteremia. We should discriminate fever due to <i>H. cinaedi</i> bacteremia if fever emerged before myelosuppression in the course of chemotherapy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Akiyama ◽  
Hirotoshi Imamura ◽  
Nobuyuki Fukui ◽  
Nobuyuki Sakai

Background: We present the rare case of a spontaneous intracranial subdural empyema caused by Helicobacter cinaedi in a preexisting chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). Case Description: A 72-year-old man with a history of the right CSDH that remained radiologically unchanged for the past 2 years with conservative management was transferred to our hospital because of fever and convulsive seizure. Systemic sources of infection were not identified. Fever and extremely high levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) spontaneously improved without antibacterial therapy. One month after the fever disappeared, brain computed tomography (CT) showed an increase in CSDH size. Mildly elevated CRP levels persisted without fever. Interval changes in shape on CT and hyperintense signals on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) within the CSDH were observed with no neurological deficits. Five months later, the patient underwent craniotomy for a progressively enlarged CSDH. An infected organized hematoma was found, and copious pus was evacuated. Subsequently, an infected subdural hematoma (ISH) was diagnosed. Although bacterial cultures of the purulent specimen were negative, H. cinaedi was identified by gene sequencing analysis. Six months post antibiotic therapy, the ISH was under control, and abnormal DWI signals disappeared. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ISH caused by H. cinaedi. This case suggests that ISH can follow a chronic course, mimicking the progressive expansion of subdural hematoma, and that H. cinaedi should be considered as a causative organism of ISH especially when conventional cultures are negative.


Gut Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Larsen Rasmussen ◽  
Iben Ørsted ◽  
Irene Harder Tarpgaard ◽  
Hans Linde Nielsen

Abstract Background Helicobacter cinaedi are motile, gram-negative spiral rods with a natural reservoir in the intestinal tract of hamsters and rhesus monkeys. In humans, H. cinaedi has been reported in different human infections like fever, abdominal pain, gastroenteritis, proctitis, diarrhoea, erysipelas, cellulitis, arthritis, and neonatal meningitis typically diagnosed by positive blood cultures. Even though H. cinaedi has been detected from human blood and stool the entry of H. cinaedi into the blood stream was undocumented until quite recently. The use of pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) demonstrated that stool- and blood-derived H. cinaedi strains were consistent. Case presentation Here, we describe a rare Danish case of H. cinaedi bacteraemia in an immunocompetent 44-year-old male with diarrhoea. We isolated H. cinaedi from a blood culture taken at admission, and from a FecalSwab taken at day six despite ongoing antibiotic therapy. Next, we made a genetic comparison of both isolates by use of Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST)- and Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-analysis. The two isolates were identical with zero SNPs and by use of MLST the isolate was identified as a novel ST20, confirming previous data of the intestinal tract as a route of H. cinaedi bacteraemia. The results of our AST showed a resistance pattern with higher MICs for ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin than for ampicillin, amoxicillin, gentamicin, and imipenem. The patient was cured with targeted therapy with pivampicillin; however, the primary source of transmission was unknown. Conclusions In conclusion, this case of H. cinaedi bacteraemia secondary to enterocolitis in an immunocompetent patient provide clear evidence that one route of infection occurs through translocation from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream. Helicobacter cinaedi from blood and faeces were identical with a novel ST20, resistant to ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin however, the patient was cured with oral pivampicillin.


2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-847
Author(s):  
Kento Inoue ◽  
Saeko Sasaki ◽  
Takahiro Yasumi ◽  
Kohsuke Imai ◽  
Takashi Kusunoki ◽  
...  
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2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Sachie KOYAMA ◽  
Noriyuki WATANABE ◽  
Mayu TABIRA ◽  
Yuto SUGA ◽  
Junpei MATSUNO ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 529-536
Author(s):  
Tevhide Ziver Sarp ◽  
Safa Gode ◽  
Suat Saribas ◽  
Sevgi Ergin ◽  
Gökhan Kasnak ◽  
...  

Abstract Helicobacter cinaedi (H. cinaedi) is a Gram-negative curved motile rod that causes bloodstream or enteric infections. It was suggested that H. cinaedi was involved in the progression of atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the presence of H. cinaedi DNA using a nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in atheroma plaques from patients with atherosclerosis-induced vascular diseases. A total of 129 patients diagnosed with valvular heart disease due to atherosclerosis and 146 patients with non-atherosclerotic post-stenotic dilatation were included as the patient and the control groups, respectively. The ATCC BA847 H. cinaedi strain was used as the positive control for the nested-PCR method. We investigated H. cinaedi DNA in our study groups using the nested-PCR method and detected only six H. cinaedi DNA (4.65%) in the 129 atherosclerotic patient group. We detected significant difference between patient and control groups with respect to the presence of H. cinaedi on the basis of Fischer’s exact test (p = 0.010) by univariate analysis. Age (OR: 1.042, p = 0.016), total cholesterol (≥200 mg/dL) (OR: 1.849, p = 0.0001), and high-density lipoprotein (≥50 mg/dL) (OR: 0.745, p = 0.039) levels were detected as independent variables for the risk of atherosclerosis development in the patient group. The presence of H. cinaedi was not detected as an independent variable in a multivariate analysis. Previous studies suggested that H. cinaedi-induced oral infections might translocate to vascular tissue and induce chronic inflammation in the aorta, which subsequently may lead to atherosclerotic plaque formation. In conclusion, we could not suggest that there is a causal relationship between H. cinaedi and the development of atherosclerosis. However, age (OR: 1.042), total cholesterol (≥200 mg/dL, OR: 1.849), and high-density lipoprotein (≥50 mg/dL, OR: 0.745, as protective) levels have a significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis development. We also suggest that the presence of H. cinaedi may contribute to the risk of atherosclerosis development due to the univariate comparison result.


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