scholarly journals Physiological Criteria Are Useful for the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3761
Author(s):  
Takato Ikeda ◽  
Yoshiaki Kinoshita ◽  
Yusuke Ueda ◽  
Tomoya Sasaki ◽  
Hisako Kushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Thoracic Cage ◽  
Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity And Specificity

Background: Diagnostic criteria of idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (IPPFE) were recently proposed, including physiological criteria of the body mass index (BMI) and percentage of the predicted values of residual volume (RV)/total lung capacity (TLC) (RV/TLC %pred.). The aim of this study was to evaluate (i) whether the physiologic criteria are useful for the diagnosis and (ii) whether the flat chest index, defined as the ratio of the anteroposterior diameter to the transverse diameter of the thoracic cage, could be an alternative parameter to RV/TLC %pred. Methods: We selected consecutive IPPFE patients and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. We examined the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the physiological criteria and flat chest index for differentiating IPPFE patients from IPF patients. Results: This study included 37 IPPFE patients and 89 IPF patients. The physiological criteria distinguished IPPFE patients from IPF patients with a sensitivity of 78.6% and specificity of 88.0%. The combination of the flat chest index and BMI was also effective for differentiation (sensitivity of 82.1% and specificity of 89.3%). Conclusion: We verified the good performance of the physiologic criteria in a different cohort. When the RV/TLC is not measured, using the flat chest index instead of RV/TLC %pred. may be reasonable.

STUDIES OF RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-193
Author(s):  
C. D. Cook ◽  
P. J. Helliesen ◽  
L. Kulczycki ◽  
H. Barrie ◽  
L. Friedlander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Residual Capacity

Tidal volume, respiratory rate and lung volumes have been measured in 64 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas while lung compliance and resistance were measured in 42 of these. Serial studies of lung volumes were done in 43. Tidal volume was reduced and the respiratory rate increased only in the most severely ill patients. Excluding the three patients with lobectomies, residual volume and functional residual capacity were found to be significantly increased in 46 and 21%, respectively. These changes correlated well with the roentgenographic evaluation of emphysema. Vital capacity was significantly reduced in 34% while total lung capacity was, on the average, relatively unchanged. Seventy per cent of the 61 patients had a signficantly elevated RV/TLC ratio. Lung compliance was significantly reduced in only the most severely ill patients but resistance was significantly increased in 35% of the patients studied. The serial studies of lung volumes showed no consistent trends among the groups of patients in the period between studies. However, 10% of the surviving patients showed evidence of significant improvement while 15% deteriorated. [See Fig. 8. in Source Pdf.] Although there were individual discrepancies, there was a definite correlation between the clinical evaluation and tests of respiratory function, especially the changes in residual volume, the vital capacity, RV/ TLC ratio and the lung compliance and resistance.

Fast vs. slow exhalation before O2 inhalation alters subsequent phase III slope

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Hurst ◽  
B. L. Graham ◽  
D. J. Cotton
Keyword(s):  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Subsequent Phase ◽  
Phase Iii Slope

We studied 10 symptom-free lifetime non-smokers and 17 smokers all with normal pulmonary function studies. All subjects performed single-breath N2 washout tests by either exhaling slowly (“slow maneuver”) from end inspiration (EI) to residual volume (RV) or exhaling maximally (“fast maneuver”) from EI to RV. After either maneuver, subjects then slowly inhaled 100% O2 to total lung capacity (TLC) and without breath holding, exhaled slowly back to RV. In the nonsmokers seated upright phase III slope of single-breath N2 test (delta N2/l) was lower (P less than 0.01) for the fast vs. the slow maneuver, but this difference disappeared when the subjects repeated the maneuvers in the supine position. In contrast, delta N2/l was higher for the fast vs. the slow maneuver (P less than 0.01) in smokers seated upright. For the slow maneuver, delta N2/l was similar between smokers and nonsmokers but for the fast maneuvers delta N2/l was higher in smokers than nonsmokers (P less than 0.01). We suggest that the fast exhalation to RV decreases delta N2/l in normal subjects by decreasing apex-to-base differences in regional ratio of RV to TLC (RV/TLC) but increases delta N2/l in smokers, because regional RV/TLC increases distal to sites of small airways obstruction when the expiratory flow rate is increased.

Capillary and fiber geometry in rat diaphragm perfusion fixed in situ at different sarcomere lengths

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Poole ◽  
O. Mathieu-Costello
Keyword(s):  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Sarcomere Length ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Capillary Length ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Capacity

To determine the potential range of diaphragm sarcomere lengths in situ and the effect of changes in sarcomere length on capillary and fiber geometry, rat diaphragms were perfusion fixed in situ with glutaraldehyde at different airway pressures and during electrical stimulation. The lengths of thick (1.517 +/- 0.007 microns) and thin (1.194 +/- 0.048 microns) filaments were not different from those established for rat limb muscle. Morphometric techniques were used to determine fiber cross-sectional area, sarcomere length, capillary orientation, and capillary length and surface area per fiber volume. All measurements were referenced to sarcomere length, which averaged 2.88 +/- 0.08 microns at -20 to -25 cmH2O airway pressure (residual volume) and 2.32 +/- 0.05 microns at +20 to +26 cmH2O airway pressure (total lung capacity). The contribution of capillary tortuosity and branching to total capillary length was dependent on sarcomere length and varied from 5 to 22%, consistent with that shown previously for mammalian limb muscles over this range of sarcomere lengths. Capillary length per fiber volume [Jv(c,f)] was significantly greater at residual volume (3,761 +/- 193 mm-2) than at total lung capacity (3,142 +/- 118 mm-2) and correlated with sarcomere length [l; r = 0.628, Jv(c,f) = 876l + 1,156, P less than 0.01; n = 18]. We conclude that the diaphragm is unusual in that the apparent in situ minimal sarcomere length is greater than 2.0 microns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Validation of a protocol to evaluate maximal expiratory pressure using a pressure transducer and a signal conditioner

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Soares ◽  
Fábio B. Rodrigues ◽  
Marcus F. Vieira ◽  
Maria Sebastiana Silva
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Maximal Expiratory Pressure

The respiratory muscles can present fatigue and even chronic inability to generate force. So, reliable devices are necessary to their evaluation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the MEP (Maximal Expiratory Pressure) values of individuals between 20 and 25 years old and to validate a protocol using a pressure transducer and a signal conditioner comparing it with the digital manometer. We evaluated the MEP of 10 participants. They remained seated and made six respiratory maneuvers from Total Lung Capacity (TLC) to Residual Volume (RV). The results in the study showed no statistically significant differences when compared to values reported in the literature, and that the pressure transducer provides reliable values for MEP.

Effect of Lung Volume on Voice Onset Time (VOT)

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette D. Hoit ◽  
Nancy Pearl Solomon ◽  
Thomas J. Hixon
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Lung Capacity

This investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that voice onset time (VOT) varies as a function of lung volume. Recordings were made of five men as they repeated a phrase containing stressed /pi/ syllables, beginning at total lung capacity and ending at residual volume. VOT was found to be longer at high lung volumes and shorter at low lung volumes in most cases. This finding points out the need to take lung volume into account when using VOT as an index of laryngeal behavior in both healthy individuals and those with speech disorders.

Tracheal dimensions at full inflation and deflation in adolescent twins

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1781-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kawakami ◽  
M. Nishimura ◽  
H. Kusaka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Male Adolescent ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Adolescent Twins

Tracheal dimensions at total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV) were analyzed roentgenographically in 17 pairs of male adolescent twins (mean age 16.3 yr; 12 monozygotic pairs and 5 dizygotic pairs). Genetic factors dominated environmental traits in intra- as well as extrathoracic tracheal width at RV. Extrathoracic tracheal width at TLC was also governed by genetic components. Intrathoracic tracheal depth (anteroposterior diameter), length, and cross-sectional area did not seem to be genetically controlled at TLC and RV. Intrathoracic tracheal cross-sectional area increased by 14.4% and became more elliptical from RV to TLC, owing mainly to an increase in tracheal depth (16.7%). Increments from RV to TLC in tracheal depth but not width correlated with increases in lung width, depth, and height. Intrathoracic trachea was elongated 14% in association with increase in lung height from RV to TLC. At TLC, extrathoracic tracheal width was larger than intrathoracic tracheal width, but this dimension did not differ at RV. These results indicate that genetic factors influence, at least at RV, the tracheal rings more strongly than membranous parts. Intrathoracic tracheal depth but not width increases during inspiration in accordance with increase in lung volume. Extrathoracic tracheal width widens more than intrathoracic trachea from RV to TLC.

CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD PARAMETERS OF YAKUT MEN WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES DEPENDING ON THE SOMATOTYPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Alekseeva V.A. ◽  
Zolotaryov N.A.
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Anthropometric Study

The aim of the work was to identify the features of biochemical blood parameters of Yakut men with type 2 diabetes depending on the Rees-Eizenk somatotype. We examined 40 men of yakut nationality with an established diagnosis of "type 2 diabetes", aged 38 to 69 years (average age 57,4 years). The anthropometric study included measurements of body length, body weight, body circumference (chest circumference, waist and buttock circumference), and body diameters (transverse diameter of the chest, anterior-posterior diameter of the chest). The body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Somatotyping was performed using the Rees-Eizenk index. The index value of the examined men was divided into pyknic, normosthenic and asthenic somatotype. Data from the biochemical blood test were copied from the patients ' medical history. All laboratory tests were conducted in the clinical and diagnostic laboratory of the Yakut city clinical hospital. Statistical processing of the obtained scientific material was carried out by the method of variation statistics using the SPSS application software package for Windows (version 17,0). The analysis was performed using parametric and nonparametric statistics. An anthropometric study of men with type 2 diabetes found that half of the subjects were obese according to their body mass index. A somatotypological study on the Rees-Eizenk index found a predominance of individuals with a pyknical somatotype. Asthenic somatotype was not detected in the examined group. More pronounced deviations of biochemical parameters of the pyknic men's blood from the standard parameters were found. The data obtained indicate a greater susceptibility to the development of type 2 diabetes in men with a pyknical somatotype.

Respiratory changes in diaphragmatic intramuscular pressure

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Decramer ◽  
T. X. Jiang ◽  
M. B. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Functional Residual Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Intramuscular Pressure ◽  
Phrenic Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Stimulation Of

We attempted to measure diaphragmatic tension by measuring changes in diaphragmatic intramuscular pressure (Pim) in the costal and crural parts of the diaphragm in 10 supine anesthetized dogs with Gaeltec 12 CT minitransducers. During phrenic nerve stimulation or direct stimulation of the costal and crural parts of the diaphragm in an animal with the chest and abdomen open, Pim invariably increased and a linear relationship between Pim and the force exerted on the central tendon was found (r greater than or equal to 0.93). During quiet inspiration Pim in general decreased in the costal part (-3.9 +/- 3.3 cmH2O), whereas it either increased or slightly decreased in the crural part (+3.3 +/- 9.4 cmH2O, P less than 0.05). Similar differences were obtained during loaded and occluded inspiration. After bilateral phrenicotomy Pim invariably decreased during inspiration in both parts (costal -4.3 +/- 6.4 cmH2O, crural -3.1 +/- 0.6 cmH2O). Contrary to the expected changes in tension in the muscle, but in conformity with the pressure applied to the muscle, Pim invariably increased during passive inflation from functional residual capacity to total lung capacity (costal +30 +/- 23 cmH2O, crural +18 +/- 18 cmH2O). Similarly, during passive deflation from functional residual capacity to residual volume, Pim invariably decreased (costal -12 +/- 19 cmH2O, crural -12 +/- 14 cmH2O). In two experiments similar observations were made with saline-filled catheters. We conclude that although Pim increases during contraction as in other muscles, Pim during respiratory maneuvers is primarily determined by the pleural and abdominal pressures applied to the muscle rather than by the tension developed by it.

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