scholarly journals Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, and Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prevention: Emphasis on Secondary Prevention and Its Translational Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3817
Author(s):  
Shen Li ◽  
Antonio Saviano ◽  
Derek J. Erstad ◽  
Yujin Hoshida ◽  
Bryan C. Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Advanced Hcc ◽  
Hcc Recurrence

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality globally. Given the limited therapeutic efficacy in advanced HCC, prevention of HCC carcinogenesis could serve as an effective strategy. Patients with chronic fibrosis due to viral or metabolic etiologies are at a high risk of developing HCC. Primary prevention seeks to eliminate cancer predisposing risk factors while tertiary prevention aims to prevent HCC recurrence. Secondary prevention targets patients with baseline chronic liver disease. Various epidemiological and experimental studies have identified candidates for secondary prevention—both etiology-specific and generic prevention strategies—including statins, aspirin, and anti-diabetic drugs. The introduction of multi-cell based omics analysis along with better characterization of the hepatic microenvironment will further facilitate the identification of targets for prevention. In this review, we will summarize HCC risk factors, pathogenesis, and discuss strategies of HCC prevention. We will focus on secondary prevention and also discuss current challenges in translating experimental work into clinical practice.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children with obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luting Peng ◽  
Su Wu ◽  
Nan Zhou ◽  
Shanliang Zhu ◽  
Qianqi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nash Group

Abstract Background With the increasing number of children with obesity worldwide, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease among children. It is necessary to recognize the risk factors of NAFLD for prevention in childhood since NAFLD is asymptomatic in the early stage. Objectives. The objective of this study was to investigate possible risk factors of NAFLD in children with obesity, providing evidence for monitoring and prevention strategies at an early stage for obese children with NAFLD. Methods Data were collected from 428 children and adolescents aged 6-16 years recruited from the Children’s Hospital at Nanjing Medical University from September 2015 to April 2018 and analyzed. Based on a combination of ultrasound results and alanine transaminase levels, subjects were divided into three groups: simple obesity (SOB), simple steatosis (SS), and nonalcoholic fatty hepatitis (NASH). Blood biochemical examination included glucose, insulin, uric acid, lipid profile and liver enzymes. Results Among 428 children with obesity, 235 (54.9%) had SS and 45 (10.5%) had NASH. Body mass index, body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), waist circumference, body fat, liver enzymes, uric acid and HOMA-IR level were significantly higher in the NASH group than in the SS and SOB groups (p < 0.001). 53.3% of the SS group and 49.8% of the NASH group had metabolic syndrome, significantly more than in the SOB group (19.6%, p < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, logistic regression models revealed that NASH was associated with BMI-SDS ≥ 3, gender, hyperuricemia and insulin resistance. Conclusions The prevalence of NASH in children with obesity is closely related to high BMI-SDS, gender, insulin resistance and hyperuricemia. These findings provide evidence that monitoring risk factors of childhood obesity can assist in developing prevention strategies for liver disease at an early stage.

The characteristics and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without cirrhosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 862-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Tobari ◽  
Etsuko Hashimoto ◽  
Makiko Taniai ◽  
Kazuhisa Kodama ◽  
Tomomi Kogiso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity and Underlying Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - Independent Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Andra-Iulia Suceveanu ◽  
Laura Mazilu ◽  
Doina Catrinoiu ◽  
Adrian-Paul Suceveanu ◽  
Felix Voinea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

AbstractBackground and Aims. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies. Obesity, together with the underlying liver steatosis, has received increased attention as a risk factor for HCC. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is also reported to be associated with HCC. We aimed to estimate the risk of HCC in obese and diabetic patients. Material and method. We prospectively analyzed 414 obese and diabetic patients, over a period of 5 years. We evaluated all patients using screening methods such as abdominal ultrasound and serum alpha-fetoprotein every 6 month, in order to detect HCC occurrence. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated the cumulative incidence of HCC. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis assessed the association between HCC and obesity. Results. Median follow-up was 4.3 years. 11 from 77 cirrhotic obese patients, and 18 from 150 non-cirrhotic obese patients developed HCC (p=ns). 7 from 51 patients with DM and cirrhosis, and 14 from 136 non-cirrhotic patients with DM developed HCC (p=ns). The cumulative incidence of HCC was 2.8%, respectively 2.6%, in cirrhotic patients with obesity or DM, compared with 2.2%, respectively 2.0%, in non-cirrhotic patients with obesity or DM (p=ns). Conclusion. Obesity and DM, along with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), seems to be independent risk factors for HCC occurrence.

Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 328 (25) ◽  
pp. 1797-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Tsukuma ◽  
Tomohiko Hiyama ◽  
Sachiko Tanaka ◽  
Miho Nakao ◽  
Takako Yabuuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver

scholarly journals Characterization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Related Genes and Metabolites in Human Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Clarke ◽  
Petr Novak ◽  
April D. Lake ◽  
Petia Shipkova ◽  
Nelly Aranibar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients without cirrhosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashar Mohamad ◽  
Vaishal Shah ◽  
Mykola Onyshchenko ◽  
Mohammed Elshamy ◽  
Federico Aucejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

scholarly journals Targeting the Gut Dysbiosis as a Treatment for Alcoholic Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaikh GM ◽  
◽  
Gupta GL ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis

Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) originates due to heavy and uncontrolled drinking of alcohol. It is one of the most prevalent mental disorders, which predominantly affects men globally. In the review article alcohol use disorders and several risk factors like gender, drinking habit, genetic differences, and obesity Hepatitis C virus has been described for the provocation of intestinal dysbiosis. Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) is a spectrum of diseases from steatohepatitis to Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Due to dysbiosis, there are microbial changes also taking place in the liver and it further worsens the conditions. Treatment involves treating gut dysbiosis and altered balance of the micro-organism. The treatment strategy of ALD may also involve a non-dietary approach or dietary approach or by microbiota modulation.

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