scholarly journals Lower Limb Kinematic Coordination during the Running Motion of Stroke Patient: A Single Case Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Noboru Chiba ◽  
Tadayoshi Minamisawa
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Patient ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Motion Problems ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Joint Motions

The purpose of this study was to clarify the lower limb joint motor coordination of para-athletes during running motion from frequency characteristics and to propose this as a method for evaluating their performance. The subject used was a 43-year-old male para-athlete who had suffered a left cerebral infarction. Using a three-dimensional motion analysis system, the angles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints were measured during 1 min of running at a speed of 8 km/h on a treadmill. Nine inter- and intra-limb joint angle pairs were analyzed by coherence and phase analyses. The main characteristic of the stroke patient was that there were joint pairs with absent or increased coherence peaks in the high-frequency band above 4 Hz that were not found in healthy subjects. Interestingly, these features were also observed on the non-paralyzed side. Furthermore, a phase analysis showed different phase differences between the joint motions of the stroke patient and healthy subjects in some joint pairs. Thus, we concluded there was a widespread functional impairment of joint motion in the stroke patient that has not been revealed by conventional methods. The coherence analysis of joint motion may be useful for identifying joint motion problems in para-athletes.

Determining Normal for Upper and Lower Limb Motions

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Charles N. Brooks ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Joint Motions

Abstract Normal joint motions vary from one person to another and depend on multiple factors, which raises issues when evaluators attempt to address issues of causation and apportionment. Although the causation and apportionment of joint motion deficits were not addressed in the fourth and earlier editions of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), the fifth and sixth editions took three possibilities into consideration when they provided instructions about how to evaluate impairment due to diminished mobility of upper and lower limb joints. Evaluating physicians must consider whether: 1) the motion deficit existed before the injury or illness in question or if the deficit was caused by individual variation, aging, disease, trauma, and/or other cause; 2) the motion deficit was caused by the injury or illness that is at issue or is in question; and 3) a lesser, pre-existing motion deficit existed before the current injury or illness was aggravated (permanently increased). Because of variations in normal joint motions among individuals, examiners should measure the motions of the uninvolved as well as the involved joints, using the former to define normal. Any motion impairment of the uninvolved joint is subtracted from that for the involved joint to determine the net impairment. Examples from the fifth and sixth editions show applications of the AMA Guides to two sample cases.

scholarly journals The Effect of Soft and Rigid Cervical Collars on Head and Neck Immobilization in Healthy Subjects

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kourosh Barati ◽  
Mokhtar Arazpour ◽  
Roshanak Vameghi ◽  
Ali Abdoli ◽  
Farzad Farmani
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Whiplash Injury ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Lateral Rotation ◽  
Infrared Cameras ◽  
Analysis System

<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>Whiplash injury is a prevalent and often destructive injury of the cervical column, which can lead to serious neck pain. Many approaches have been suggested for the treatment of whiplash injury, including anti-inflammatory drugs, manipulation, supervised exercise, and cervical collars. Cervical collars are generally divided into two groups: soft and rigid collars.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>The present study aimed to compare the effect of soft and rigid cervical collars on immobilizing head and neck motion.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>Many studies have investigated the effect of collars on neck motion. Rigid collars have been shown to provide more immobilization in the sagittal and transverse planes compared with soft collars. However, according to some studies, soft and rigid collars provide the same range of motion in the frontal plane.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Twenty-nine healthy subjects aged 18–26 participated in this study. Data were collected using a three-dimensional motion analysis system and six infrared cameras. Eight markers, weighing 4.4 g and thickened 2 cm<sup>2</sup> were used to record kinematic data. According to the normality of the data, a paired <italic>t</italic>-test was used for statistical analyses. The level of significance was set at α=0.01.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>All motion significantly decreased when subjects used soft collars (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.01). According to the obtained data, flexion and lateral rotation experienced the maximum (39%) and minimum (11%) immobilization in all six motions using soft collars. Rigid collars caused maximum immobilization in flexion (59%) and minimum immobilization in the lateral rotation (18%) and limited all motion much more than the soft collar.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>This study showed that different cervical collars have different effects on neck motion. Rigid and soft cervical collars used in the present study limited the neck motion in both directions. Rigid collars contributed to significantly more immobilization in all directions.</p></sec>

Sagittal Fluoroscopy for the Assessment of Hindfoot Kinematics

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. McHenry ◽  
Emily Exten ◽  
Jason T. Long ◽  
Gerald F. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Plane Model ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Anatomic Locations ◽  
Joint Motions

Current methods of quantifying foot kinematics during gait typically use markers placed externally on bony anatomic locations. These models are unable to analyze talocrural or subtalar motion because the talus lacks palpable landmarks to place external markers. Alternative methods of measuring these clinically relevant joint motions are invasive and have been limited to research purposes only. This study explores the use of fluoroscopy to noninvasively quantify talocrural and subtalar sagittal plane kinematics. A fluoroscopy system (FS) was designed and built to synchronize with an existing motion analysis system (MAS). Simultaneous fluoroscopic, marker motion, and ground reaction force (GRF) data were collected for five subjects to demonstrate system application. A hindfoot sagittal plane model was developed to evaluate talocrural and subtalar joint motion. Maximum talocrural plantar and dorsiflexion angles averaged among all the subjects occur at 12% and 83% of stance, respectively, with a range of motion of 20.1 deg. Maximum talocrural plantar and dorsiflexion angles averaged among all the subjects occur at toe-off and 67% of stance, respectively, with a range of motion of 8.7 deg. Based on the favorable comparison between the current fluoroscopically measured kinematics and previously reported results from alternative methods, it is concluded that fluoroscopic technology is well suited for measuring the sagittal plane hindfoot motion.

scholarly journals Dynamic alignment changes during level walking in patients with dropped head syndrome: analyses using a three-dimensional motion analysis system

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Igawa ◽  
Ken Ishii ◽  
Akifumi Suzuki ◽  
Hideto Ui ◽  
Ryunosuke Urata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Motion Analysis System ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Dropped Head Syndrome ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Dynamic Alignment

AbstractIn patients with dropped head syndrome (DHS), cervical malalignment is one of the risk factors for impaired horizontal gaze and restrictions to ambulation. The characteristics of gait in patients with DHS have not been clarified biomechanically from the viewpoint of dynamic alignment and lower limb kinematics. This study aimed to clarify kinematic and kinetic differences during level walking in patients with DHS compared to the healthy elderly. Twelve patients with DHS and healthy elderly individuals performed level walking at a self-selected speed. Spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic data were recorded using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Statistical analysis was performed to compare these data between the two groups, respectively. Compared with the healthy elderly, stride length and peak hip-joint extension angle in patients with DHS were significantly shorter and smaller. The thorax was also significantly tilted backwards. Peak ankle-joint plantar-flexion moment was significantly smaller despite larger dorsiflexion angle compared with the healthy elderly. The walking of DHS patients demonstrated kinematic and kinetic characteristics of the lower limb joints and alignment of the thorax and pelvis corresponding to their short stride and walking speed.

Isometric Finger Device for Assessment and Training of Force Coordination Using Virtual Reality

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorij Kurillo ◽  
Matjaž Mihelj ◽  
Marko Munih ◽  
Tadej Bajd
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Stroke Patient ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Middle Finger ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
Fingertip Forces

Grasping of stroke patients is often affected by improper coactivation of muscles controlling the fingers. The restoration of hand function therefore represents an important goal in rehabilitation. Quantitative data on coordination between fingers can be helpful for the assessment of therapy effectiveness. We have designed a novel isometric finger device to assess three-dimensional forces applied by the thumb, index, and middle finger. The device was used in connection with a simple virtual reality task where the patient had to open a safe by sequentially rotating a knob using the isometric finger input. The presented virtual reality application was evaluated in a group of healthy subjects and a chronic stroke patient to obtain preliminary performance results. We analyzed the coordination of fingertip forces between the thumb and opposing fingers. Pearson correlation coefficient was determined to assess the coordination of force in each direction. In healthy subjects, the analysis of the fingertip forces showed precise coordination of force between the fingers to control a virtual object. The performance of the stroke patient was considerably lower due to reduced muscle control and presence of strong spasticity. The results showed use of excessive force in both hands and lower coordination of force between the fingers as compared to the healthy subjects. The proposed virtual reality system is considered as a complementary method to the existing methods used in physical and occupational therapy. Specific virtual reality tasks could be designed to train coordination of force between the affected fingers.

scholarly journals The kinematic analysis of the lower limb during topspin forehand loop between different level table tennis athletes

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10841
Author(s):  
Yuqi He ◽  
Xiang Lyu ◽  
Dong Sun ◽  
Julien S. Baker ◽  
Yaodong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
Motion Time ◽  
Analysis System

Background Topspin is one of the most attacking stroke in table tennis sport. The aim of this research was to investigate the kinematic characteristics of the lower limb (driving leg) during topspin forehand loop in different playing level table tennis athletes. Methods Ten male table tennis athletes performed topspin forehand loop shots with maximal force to hit the ball that was played by a professional table tennis coach. The three-dimensional Vicon motion analysis system was used to capture the kinematic information. Results The key findings from this research indicate that there were no significant differences in motion time between elite athletes (EA) and medium athletes (MA) during the entire phase (P = 0.784). EA showed significantly less knee (P < 0.001) as well as hip (P < 0.001) flexion in the BS stage when contrasted to MA, with a significant larger ankle varus (P = 0.003) as well as eversion (P < 0.001) than MA in the BS and FS phase, respectively. EA displayed a significant larger angular changing rate of ankle dorsiflexion (P < 0.001) and varus (P < 0.001) in the BS stage with ankle plantar flexion as well as eversion during the FS stage, with a significant larger ankle internal rotation (P = 0.003) and external rotation (P < 0.001) than MA in the BS and FS phase, respectively. Furthermore, EA showed significantly larger ankle dorsiflexion (P = 0.001) as well as plantarflexion (P < 0.001) ROM in the BS and FS phase respectively compared with MA. Conclusion Ankle activities in the all plane displayed significant differences in kinematic characteristics between EA and MA. MA should pay attention to the function that ankle played in the kinetic chain, such as training the lower limb muscle rapid reaction ability to improve the energy transfer efficiency and capability of the kinetic chain.

Analyzing Motor Primitives of Healthy Subjects Wearing a Lower Limb Exoskeleton

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilian dos Santos ◽  
Samuel Lourenco ◽  
Adriano Siqueira ◽  
Polyana Ferreira Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Motor Primitives ◽  
Lower Limb Exoskeleton

scholarly journals Maneuverability of the Scope and Instruments within Three Different Single-Incision Laparoscopic Ports: An Experimental Pilot Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Georg Haider ◽  
Ursula Schulz ◽  
Nikola Katic ◽  
Christian Peham ◽  
Gilles Dupré
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Single Incision ◽  
Single Port ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Port Access ◽  
Port System ◽  
Sils Port ◽  
Glove Port ◽  
Analysis System

Single-port access systems (SPASs) are currently used in human and veterinary surgeries. However, they pose technical challenges, such as instrument crowding, intra- and extracorporeal instrument collision, and reduced maneuverability. Studies comparing the maneuverability of the scopes and instruments in different SPASs are lacking. This study aimed to compare the maneuverability of three different SPASs: the Covidien SILS-port, Storz Endocone, and glove port. A clear acrylic box with artificial skin placed at the bottom was used to mimic the abdominal wall and cavity. The three SPASs were placed from below, and a 10-mm endoscope and 5-mm instrument were introduced. A motion analysis system consisting of 18 cameras and motion analysis software were used to track the movement of the endoscope and instrument, to determine the volume of the cone-shaped, three-dimensional figures over which movement was possible, with higher values indicating greater maneuverability. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for the analysis. The maneuverability of the endoscope alone was significantly higher in the glove port system than in the other two SPASs. When inserting an additional instrument, the maneuverability significantly decreased in the SILS-port and Endocone, but not in the glove port. The highest maneuverability overall was found in the glove port.

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