scholarly journals The Impact of Situational Test Anxiety on Retest Effects in Cognitive Ability Testing: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jendryczko ◽  
Jana Scharfen ◽  
Heinz Holling
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Measurement Bias ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Situational Test

When a cognitive ability is assessed repeatedly, test scores and ability estimates are often observed to increase across test sessions. This phenomenon is known as the retest (or practice) effect. One explanation for retest effects is that situational test anxiety interferes with a testee’s performance during earlier test sessions, thereby creating systematic measurement bias on the test items (interference hypothesis). Yet, the influence of anxiety diminishes with test repetitions. This explanation is controversial, since the presence of measurement bias during earlier measurement occasions cannot always be confirmed. It is argued that people from the lower end of the ability spectrum become aware of their deficits in test situations and therefore report higher anxiety (deficit hypothesis). In 2014, a structural equation model was proposed that specifically allows the comparison of these two hypotheses with regard to explanatory power for the negative anxiety–ability correlation found in cross-sectional assessments. We extended this model for usage in longitudinal studies to investigate the impact of test anxiety on test performance and on retest effects. A latent neighbor-change growth curve was implemented into the model that enables an estimation of retest effects between all pairs of successive test sessions. Systematic restrictions on model parameters allow testing the hypothetical reduction in anxiety interference over the test sessions, which can be compared to retest effect sizes. In an empirical study with seven measurement occasions, we found that a substantial reduction in interference upon the second test session was associated with the largest retest effect in a figural matrices test, which served as a proxy measure for general intelligence. However, smaller retest effects occurred up to the fourth test administration, whereas evidence for anxiety-induced measurement bias was only produced for the first two test sessions. Anxiety and ability were not negatively correlated at any time when the interference effects were controlled for. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Financial Literacy and Financial Behaviour of Investors in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Muhammad Junaid Khan ◽  
Dr. Faheem Aslam ◽  
Syed Nisar-Ul-Mulk
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Financial Socialization ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of our study is to find out the impact of financial socialization, cognitive ability, and self-efficacy on financial literacy and financial behavior of investors in Pakistan. This study has used a non-probability convenience-based sampling technique for collecting the data. A total of 429 individual investors were analyzed with the help of structural equation modeling (SEM) through Smart PLS. The results of our research study suggested that the participation of female investors as compare to male investors is very low. The main results of the study showed that cognitive ability and self-efficacy have a significantly positive impact on financial literacy, but an insignificant impact of these two variables on financial behavior was found. Findings also suggested that the influence of financial socialization on financial literacy is insignificant, while financial behavior is positively influenced by financial socialization and financial literacy. In mediating analysis cognitive ability and self-efficacy have positively affected financial behavior, while financial socialization has an insignificant effect on financial behavior through financial literacy. This research study provides important implications for researchers and other policymakers. Policymakers can formulate policies regarding trainings to improve the financial literacy of investors. Researcher can further investigate these variables for other segments of the society.

scholarly journals Psychological Needs and Motivational Outcomes in a High School Orchestra Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Evans ◽  
Mark Y. Liu
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Needs Satisfaction ◽  
School Orchestra ◽  
The Impact

Motivation has formed a core strand of research in music education, reflecting its importance in educational psychology and other skill-based performance domains. Understanding motivation is crucial for explaining students’ achievement, performance, well-being, and intentions to continue participation in (or drop out of) music learning throughout school and into adulthood. In the present study, we addressed the need to better understand motivation in music education by examining the impact of psychological needs satisfaction and frustration in a high school orchestra program. Psychological needs—a core component of self-determination theory—have considerable explanatory power in other life domains and educational settings and are the focus of recent attention in music education. Participants ( N = 704) were surveyed in orchestra programs in three schools in the midwestern United States. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the effects of psychological needs satisfaction and frustration. The model explained substantial variance on three key outcomes: practice time (22%), intentions to continue participating in the orchestra program (45%), and global-self esteem (34%). The results point to psychological needs satisfaction and frustration as key elements of music education in which teachers might intervene to improve these outcomes as well as students’ learning, engagement, and psychological well-being more broadly.

Training characteristics and employees' performance among the nurses in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitho Khan Bhatti ◽  
Bahadur Ali Soomro ◽  
Naimatullah Shah
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Performance Goal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the training characteristics and employees' performance among the nurses in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed cross-sectional data through random sampling of trained health nurses from the Government sector hospitals of Pakistan. The survey questionnaire is applied as the primary tool to acquire data. In total, the authors utilized 306 valid cases to infer the final results.FindingsThe structural equation modeling (SEM) underlines a positive and significant impact of cognitive ability and performance goal on employees' performance. On the other hand, there is an insignificant impact of motivation to learn on performance among the nurses of Pakistan.Practical implicationsBroadly, the findings of the study would provide some new insights to understand the performance of nurses in the health care sector through the outcomes of the training characteristics. Further, the results would be a way out to make a better quality of health care enhanced with the support of training. It may contribute to the growth in quality of work and improve work productivity by boosting up and uplifting training characteristics. The research arena would enrich the inclusive theoretical framework of performance and contribute to the domain literature and methodological validation.Originality/valueThe study confirms the role of training characteristics towards performance among the nurses of the public health sector of Pakistan. The investigation would further validate the impact of cognitive ability and the motivation to learn and performance goals on performance globally.

scholarly journals Prior Sensitivity in Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling for Sparse Factor Loading Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinya Liang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Variable Selection ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Shrinkage Priors ◽  
Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
The Impact

Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM) is a flexible tool for the exploration and estimation of sparse factor loading structures; that is, most cross-loading entries are zero and only a few important cross-loadings are nonzero. The current investigation was focused on the BSEM with small-variance normal distribution priors (BSEM-N) for both variable selection and model estimation. The prior sensitivity in BSEM-N was explored in factor analysis models with sparse loading structures through a simulation study (Study 1) and an empirical example (Study 2). Study 1 examined the prior sensitivity in BSEM-N based on the model fit, population model recovery, true and false positive rates, and parameter estimation. Seven shrinkage priors on cross-loadings and five noninformative/vague priors on other model parameters were examined. Study 2 provided a real data example to illustrate the impact of various priors on model fit and parameter selection and estimation. Results indicated that when the 95% credible intervals of shrinkage priors barely covered the population cross-loading values, it resulted in the best balance between true and false positives. If the goal is to perform variable selection, a sparse cross-loading structure is required, preferably with a minimal number of nontrivial cross-loadings and relatively high primary loading values. To improve parameter estimates, a relatively large prior variance is preferred. When cross-loadings are relatively large, BSEM-N with zero-mean priors is not recommended for the estimation of cross-loadings and factor correlations.

scholarly journals Environment Knowledge, Law-Abiding Consciousness and Risk Perception Influencing Environmental Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 02032
Author(s):  
Zheng Lian ◽  
Qianyanhui Qian ◽  
Lejun Bao
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The Impact

This research investigates the impact of environmental knowledge, law-abiding consciousness, and risk perception on environmental behavior through structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The results found that: 1. The higher the awareness of environmental knowledge, the higher the friendliness of environmental protection behavior. 2. The higher the awareness of risk perception, the higher the friendliness of environmental protection behavior. 3. The stronger the law-abiding consciousness, the higher the friendliness of environmental protection behavior. 4. Individual cognitive ability has a positive and significant impact on environmental knowledge, risk perception and law-abiding consciousness.

An exploration of measurement bias due to worry and emotionality components of test anxiety on cognitive ability tests

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Papantoniou ◽  
Despina Moraitou ◽  
Dimitra Filippidou ◽  
Magda Dinou ◽  
Effie Katsadima
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Measurement Bias ◽  
Cognitive Ability Tests ◽  
Ability Tests

The Role of Career Self-Efficacy on the Effect of Parental Career Behaviors on Career Exploration: A Study on School of Tourism and Hotel Management’ Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selahattin Kanten ◽  
Pelin Kanten ◽  
Murat Yeşiltaş
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Career Exploration ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Hotel Management ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the impact of parental career behaviors on undergraduate student’s career exploration and the mediating role of career self-efficacy. In the literature it is suggested that some social and individual factors facilitate students’ career exploration. Therefore, parental career behaviors and career self-efficacy is considered as predictors of student’s career exploration attitudes within the scope of the study. In this respect, data which are collected from 405 undergraduate students having an education on tourism and hotel management field by the survey method are analyzed by using the structural equation modeling. The results of the study indicate that parental career behaviors which are addressed support; interference and lack of engagement have a significant effect on student’s career exploration behaviors such as intended-systematic exploration, environment exploration and self-exploration. In addition, it has been found that one of the dimensions of parental career behaviors addressed as a lack of engagement has a significant effect on career self-efficacy levels of students. However, research results indicate that student’s career self-efficacy has a significant effect on only the self-exploration dimension. On the other hand, career self-efficacy has a partial mediating role between lack of engagement attitudes of parents and career exploration behaviors of students.

PENGARUH PELATIHAN, KOMPETENSI, MOTIVASI DAN KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DENGAN PENDIDIKAN SEBAGAI PEMODERATOR PADA BALAI PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN APARATUR KEMENTERIAN KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Wahyu Yulianto
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Competence Motivation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mediator Variable

The study purpose is to analyse the impact of training, competence, motivation and leadership towards performance either directly or through job satisfaction as a mediator variable. As many as 55 staff are considered as respondents in this research, and census method is used as the sampling method. Primary data in this study were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Likert Scale. Secondary data are obtained from the organization structure Sukamandi Apparatus Training Centre (BDA), performance appraisal, staff attendance, information system and personnel management. Structural Equation Modeling Analisis of Moment Structures (SEM-AMOS) is used to process and analyze data. This study shows staff with high education, competence and leadership have a significant effect on performance, While the job satisfaction is significant in mediating the influence of training, competence and leadership on performance. Next on the employee with low education, training, competence, motivation and leadership have a significant influence on performance, while job satisfaction is significant in mediating the effect of competence and leadership on staff performance.   Keywords:  training, competence, motivation, leadership, job satisfaction, performance

KONFLIK DAN KINERJA KARYAWAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-440
Author(s):  
Santi Retno Sari
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Job Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships to which leadership style (task and relations oriented leadership) moderate the impact of conflict on employee performance. Data were collected from 92 employees in different job levels. Partial least squares variance-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the relationship in the models. The results showed that task and relation conflict was associated with employee performance. The research findings also showed that leadership styles moderated the relationship between conflict and employee performance. This study offers implications for managerial practices. Practical implications and suggestions described in the paper Keywords: leadership style, conflict, performance.

The Impact of Service Satisfaction, Relational Satisfaction and Commitment on Customer Loyalty in Logistics Outsourcing Relationship

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1and2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjit Singh H.
Keyword(s):  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Service Satisfaction ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Relational Satisfaction ◽  
Logistics Outsourcing ◽  
Major Predictor ◽  
The Impact

This research explores the impact of service satisfaction, relational satisfaction, price satisfaction, and commitment on customer loyalty in logistics outsourcing relationships in Indian scenario. 254 users of logistics services from India were selected for investigating the potential linkages among the aforementioned satisfaction aspects and loyalty. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test the reliability and validity of the measurement and structural model developed to study the relationship among the linkages. Findings from the study supports that logistics service satisfaction, price satisfaction, relational satisfaction and commitment do influence loyalty positively. The analysis suggests that service satisfaction is the most important antecedent having primary influence in the formation of customer loyalty. Service satisfaction also has secondary influence on loyalty by acting as a strong driver in both relational satisfaction and commitment aspects of the service dimensions. Price satisfaction though positively been driven by service satisfaction, was found to have less significant effect as a predictor of loyalty in this context. The present study suggests that relational satisfaction is the second major predictor of loyalty which also drives commitment. This research is not an end-point but an attempt to establish the linkages and the effect among the antecedents driving the building and retention of good buyer-seller relationship in logistics outsourcing.

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