scholarly journals Full Duplex Physical and MAC Layer-Based Underwater Wireless Communication Systems and Protocols: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Liu Songzuo ◽  
Basit Iqbal ◽  
Imran Ullah Khan ◽  
Niaz Ahmed ◽  
Gang Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Underwater Communication ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Bandwidth Utilization ◽  
Underwater Wireless Communication

Underwater wireless communication has gained a great deal of attention in the last couple of decades because of its applications in the military, industrial, and monitoring sectors. Despite the extreme physical and MAC layer difficulties, acoustics are used for various applications among the various modes of underwater communication technologies used. While significant research efforts have been made to address these issues, the bottleneck remains in achieving high bandwidth, high throughputs, and data rate. Researchers have begun to look into full duplex (FD) implementation to improve bandwidth efficiency and increase data rate and throughput. Users can send and receive data simultaneously over the FD links, maximizing bandwidth utilization and increasing throughput. As a result, we thoroughly reviewed various FD physical layered UWAC systems and MAC layered protocols for underwater communication. The various problems that the aforementioned systems and protocols have faced, as well as the solutions suggested in previous works to solve each problem, are also highlighted. Various metrics are used to compare the performance of various physical layered FD systems and FD MAC protocols. We also explore some of the open research questions in these FD-physical layered and MAC layered protocols, as well as future research directions. Based on ample information, we suggest a cross-layered architecture based on various IBFD-SI cancellations, DA-CSMA, and FD-MAC protocols. This review provides a broad view of the current FD physical and MAC layered protocols based on acoustic communication, as well as recommendations.

scholarly journals Some practical constraints and solutions for optical camera communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2169) ◽  
pp. 20190191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie LIU ◽  
Zhengyuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Optical Wireless Communication ◽  
Optical Wireless ◽  
Atmospheric Scattering ◽  
Practical Constraints ◽  
Optical Camera Communication

Mobile wireless communication heavily relies on the radio frequency to convey message and data. However, its limited spectrum can hardly meet the demands for the future high data rate applications. Optical wireless communication, in particular visible light communication, opens up vast optical spectrum for communication, and meanwhile can retrofit the light sources as the communication transmitters in the existing working or living environments. In conjunction with the ubiquitous cameras in hand-held consumer electronics such as smartphones and pads, optical camera communication (OCC) further takes advantages of image sensors as the communication receivers and realizes low-cost communication systems. This article first provides an overview of OCC systems. It then addresses some practical constraints, ranging from sensor low frame rate and instability, rolling shutter readout, to visual qualities of displayed images and videos, and link blockage between the transmitter and receiver. Accordingly, it introduces existing and new solutions to deal with those constraints by data modulation, newly developed camera structures, post-processing of sensed signals and non-line of sight OCC as a new form. In particular, indirect paths by either the indoor surface reflection or the outdoor atmospheric scattering are explored for link connectivity under blockage. Finally, some future research directions are suggested. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.

Optimal Power and Modulation Adaptation Policies with Receiver Diversity over Rayleigh Fading Channel

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Tariq ◽  
Razvan Beuran ◽  
Yoichi Shinoda
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Diversity Combining ◽  
Bandwidth Utilization ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
Receiver Diversity ◽  
Adaptation Policies ◽  
Continuous Power

<p>Efficient bandwidth utilization is paramount in wireless communication systems, particulary in fading<br />environments, since fading is one of the major constraints that impair communication in wireless systems.<br />The bandwidth efficiency of a wireless communication system can be enhanced significantly by employing<br />power and modulation adaptation policies with diversity combining gain. In this work, first we examine an<br />analytically-derived solution for Maximum Combining Ratio (MRC) diversity technique for the capacity per<br />unit bandwidth. Then, we design an adaptive transmission system to utilize the diversity combining gain while<br />retaining the target BER by adapting power and constellation size using continuous power, channel inversion<br />with fixed rate and continuous power and disrecte-rate. By considering the effect of diversity combining<br />gain, the designed system yields a reasonable spectral efficiency with respect to target BER that grows as<br />the number of diversity levels increase. Furthermore, the presented results show continuous power and<br />discrete-rate adaptation policy reduces probability of outage unlike its achieved spectral efficiency is close<br />to other selected policies, which ratifies the optimized switching thresholds and makes it best candidate for<br />imperfect channel conditions.</p>

Assessment of Rural Intelligent Transportation System Wireless Communications Solutions

2000 ◽  
Vol 1739 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyan Yang ◽  
Virginia Sisiopiku ◽  
Jim A. Arnold ◽  
Paul Pisano ◽  
Gary G. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Rural Environments

Rural transportation systems have different features and needs than their urban counterparts. To address safety and efficiency concerns in rural environments, advanced rural transportation systems (ARTS) test and deploy appropriate intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technologies, many of which require communication support. However, wireless communication systems that currently serve urban areas often are not available or suitable in rural environments. Thus, a need exists to identify communication solutions that are likely to address successfully the needs and features of ARTS applications. Current and emerging wireless communications systems and technologies have been systematically assessed with respect to rural ITS applications. Wireless communication functions associated with rural ITS functions are first identified. Then requirements for applicable communication technologies in the rural environment are defined. Existing and emerging wireless communication systems and technologies are reviewed and evaluated by a systematic process of assessing rural ITS wireless solutions. Finally, recommendations for future research and operational tests are offered. The analysis results are expected to benefit rural ITS planners by identifying suitable wireless solutions for different rural contexts.

scholarly journals Smart Home: An Empirical Analysis of Communication Technological Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-575
Author(s):  
Md. Razu Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Osiur Rahman ◽  
Md. Jiabul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Wireless Communication System ◽  
Wired Communication ◽  
Home Technology ◽  
Smart Home Technology

Smart home is a prime research interest among researchers around the globe due to the fact that it offers ample features to make people’s life effortless and efficient. People can lead their life smartly through the use of smart home technology [17]. There are numerous communication systems in both wired and wireless media exist that are used in smart home technology. However, not a single communication system itself can satisfy all the demands of secure, comfort and intelligent smart home system. Wireless communication is flexible, requires negligible number of instruments, cheap and easy to install but the key concerning issue for wireless communication system in smart home technology is the slow data rate. In contrast, wired communication provides better performance through the provision of higher data rate and uninterrupted connectivity; however, consumers have to pay substantial amount of payment for smart home services [3]. Therefore, it is essential for researchers to analyze both wired and wireless communication system in terms of data rate and area of coverage in order to find out the right communication system for right feature of smart home system. In this paper, authors reviewed and analyzed both wired and wireless communication methods that are commonly used in smart home technology. It can be seen after careful analysis that for majority of the services of smart home system can get better result through the use of wireless communication system even though wired communication system offers better data rate and greater coverage.

scholarly journals Terahertz Channel Propagation Phenomena, Measurement Techniques and Modeling for 6G Wireless Communication Applications: a Survey, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demos Serghiou ◽  
Mohsen Khalily ◽  
Tim Brown ◽  
Rahim Tafazolli
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Channel Modeling ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
High Data ◽  
Wireless Communications Systems

The Terahertz (THz) band (0.1-3.0 THz) spans a great portion of the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum that is mostly unoccupied and unregulated. It is a potential candidate for application in Sixth-Generation (6G) wireless networks as it has the capabilities of satisfying the high data rate and capacity requirements of future wireless communication systems. Profound knowledge of the propagation channel is crucial in communication systems design which nonetheless, is still at its infancy as channel modeling at THz frequencies has been mostly limited to characterizing fixed Point-to-Point (P2P) scenarios up to 300 GHz. Provided the technology matures enough and models adapt to the distinctive characteristics of the THz wave, future wireless communications systems will enable a plethora of new use cases and applications to be realized in addition to delivering higher spectral efficiencies that would ultimately enhance the Quality-of-Service (QoS) to the end user. In this paper, we provide an insight into THz channel propagation characteristics, measurement capabilities and modeling methods along with recommendations that will aid in the development of future models in the THz band. We survey the most recent and important measurement campaigns and modeling efforts found in literature based on the use cases and system requirements identified. Finally, we discuss the challenges and limitations of measurements and modeling at such high frequencies and contemplate the future research outlook toward realizing the 6G vision.

scholarly journals Enabling Technologies for a Practical Wireless Communication System Operating in TV White Space

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Sean Sum ◽  
Gabriel Porto Villardi ◽  
Zhou Lan ◽  
Chen Sun ◽  
Yohannes Alemseged ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
System Design ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Use Case ◽  
White Space ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Tv White Space ◽  
Phy Layer

This paper proposes the design of enabling technologies for practical wireless communication systems operating in the TV white space (TVWS). The main objective of this paper is to cover a macro perspective on the system design blocks including: (a) targeted use case applications and governing regulations, (b) channelization, physical (PHY) layer and medium access control (MAC) layer designs, and (c) achievable throughput and range. It is the intention of this paper to serve as a general guideline for designing wireless communication systems operating in TVWS. The core system design addresses both PHY and MAC layer issues with realistic system considerations. In the PHY layer, a channelization design that fits into the area-specific TV channels and a transceiver that enables data exchange in the TV bands are designed. In the MAC layer, a cognitive engine that manages access to vacant TV channels and MAC functionalities that facilitate effective medium access are also proposed. As a result, the system is capable of supporting up to a typical throughput of 80 Mbps, and a maximum number of 40 users, assuming all users performing the most bandwidth-hungry application in the use case scenario. The corresponding operating range is found reach up to 400 m.

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