The Communication Infrastructures of Living Systems and the Universe: Analysis from the Perspective of Antenna Theory

It is still unknown how molecules coordinate their activity and operate at high speeds in the crowded environment of a cell. The study focuses on the geometry of biomolecules, assuming B-DNA, α-helix, β-strand, water molecules, and chemical bonds, including hydrogen bonds, as various types of antennas. The analysis demonstrates that living systems have highly sophisticated wireless and wired communication infrastructures for regulating and coordinating molecular activities, revealing why water is essential for molecular dynamics and indicating how we evolved. The study also includes a few equations linking antenna fields with Einstein’s general relativity, Kepler’s law of planetary motion, and Newton’s law of gravitation, which divides the gravitational field into antenna field zones and clarifies many astronomical facts. The findings, furthermore, suggest that the gravitational field is the antenna field of astronomical objects; and that nature's antennas, such as molecules and astronomical objects, communicate via gravitational waves. We hope that the study, which uses a classical approach to explain the facts of living systems and the Universe, will find applications in biology, astronomy, communication engineering, and other areas of science.

The Communication Infrastructures of Living Systems and the Universe: Analysis from the Perspective of Antenna Theory

It is still unknown how molecules coordinate their activity and operate at high speeds in the crowded environment of a cell. The study focuses on the geometry of biomolecules, assuming B-DNA, α-helix, β-strand, water molecules, and chemical bonds, including hydrogen bonds, as various types of antennas. The analysis demonstrates that living systems have highly sophisticated wireless and wired communication infrastructures for regulating and coordinating molecular activities, revealing why water is essential for molecular dynamics and indicating how we evolved. The study also includes a few equations linking antenna fields with Einstein’s general relativity, Kepler’s law of planetary motion, and Newton’s law of gravitation, which divides the gravitational field into antenna field zones and clarifies many astronomical facts. The findings, furthermore, suggest that the gravitational field is the antenna field of astronomical objects; and that nature's antennas, such as molecules and astronomical objects, communicate via gravitational waves. We hope that the study, which uses a classical approach to explain the facts of living systems and the Universe, will find applications in biology, astronomy, communication engineering, and other areas of science.

Wireless Control Modelling for Overhead Crane

Radio frequency (RF) remote controllers are widely used in manufacturing, construction, transportation, and many other industrial applications. Cranes, drills, and miners, among others, are commonly equipped with RF remotes. Installation wired communication takes a long time to set up the connection as compared to the wireless connection. The installation becomes very lengthy and complex if we want to get connected with each router. For the same reason, for a system expansion to add more device(s), the re-routing process to connect this new device(s) to the network can be avoided. Instead, with the wireless connection, we don’t have to perform all the setup again. The network can be accessed with the authorized passcode. Radio-controlled devices are ubiquitous in all sorts of industries. In fact, many cranes are now being equipped with radio-controlled technology, which is revolutionizing the way crews move materials around a warehouse or job site. In the steel manufacturing industries, the wireless crane control has proven to assure. more advantage compared to the disadvantage. Through the surveillance and monitoring of wireless remote control for crane that done at AJSB, Prai, Malaysia.

Analysis of Fuzzy Based Directional Median Filter with Mixed Noise

All the sources of digital images like camera as well as communication methods like wireless or wired communication leads to corruption of pixels of digital image. Usually digital image consists of values from 0 to 255 where 0 represents black pixel and 255 represents white pixel. Due to above sources and communication method, these pixels change there value which leads to change in the output values. Mixed noise is popular now a day which is a combination of Gaussian noise and salt & pepper noise. Median filters are popular in removing the noise from the digital images. Fuzzy based controllers are very popular now a day to solve issues better than others. In this paper, we have discussed fuzzy logic, median filter and directional median filter to remove the corrupted pixels out of digital image. Parameters like PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and MSE (Mean Square Error) are used for qualitative analysis of filter.

A Survey of Industrial Internet of Things Platforms for Establishing Centralized Data-Acquisition Middleware: Categorization, Experiment, and Challenges

The development of industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), big data, and artificial intelligence technologies is leading to a major change in the production system. The change is being propagated into the wave of transforming the existing system with a vertical structure into the corresponding horizontal platform or middleware. Accordingly, the way of acquiring IIoT data from an individual system is being altered to the way of being increasingly centralized through an integrated middleware of a scalable server or through a large platform. That said, middleware-based IIoT data acquisition must consider multiple factors, such as infrastructure (e.g., operation environment and network), protocol heterogeneity, interoperability (e.g., links with legacy systems), real-time, and security. This manuscript explains these five aspects in detail and provides a taxonomy of eighteen state-of-the-art IIoT data-acquisition middleware systems based on these aspects. To validate one of these aspects (network), we present our evaluation results at a real production site where IIoT data-acquisition loss rates are compared between wireless (long-term evolution) and wired networks. As a result, the wired communication can be more suitable for centralized IIoT data-acquisition middleware than wireless networks. Finally, we discuss several challenges in establishing the best IIoT data-acquisition middleware in a centralized way.

Approaches of Chaotic Image Encryption models in Enlightening Image Storage and Security systems

The present life scenario has become completely digital and intelligent in all aspects, including the way of communication, production methodologies, medical sciences and other entertainment domains. Out of all domains, communication plays a vital role in every human life and the same is valid for corporates who handle bulk amount of data to be transmitted. This may include a multimedia data transfer between defense authorities of various countries or between a commercial information sharing centers. Under these circumstances, such information is to be transmitted in a secured channel. Unfortunately, secured fiber optic or any other wired communication is highly expensive and not affordable for infinite number of users. Hence, most of the communications among people are only through wireless channels. Due to the tremendous developments in communication standards up to 5G, people prefer wireless communications to cover the whole part of the world. As the information is freely available to anyone in the form of electromagnetic waves, it is impossible to share privately through a common wireless network due to week encryption methodologies. Simultaneously key space is not abundant. This has been highly inspired to pursue research in a different direction to a greater degree and to develop the measurements of current cryptography protocols and procedures. Choosing a chaotic encryption domain has several compelling explanations as described here.

Connecting One Belt One Road Countries via Wireless Sensor Network

The economy of China grows rapidly due to the advent of wireless networks. The networks provide connection between nodes (sensors, gateways, systems, people, etc.) for data transmission and communication seamlessly. This is a crucial element to achieve sustainable economics. It is worth mentioning that wireless communication is the optimal solution compared with wired communication given the fact that China has a huge land area and the largest population in the world. Traditional wireless technologies like 4G, Bluetooth, ZigBee, ISA 100.11a, and WirelessHART have been well addressed in literature. In this chapter, the focus is moved to 5G, LoRa, IEEE 802.11 af, ah, ax, and ay. Selected applications health monitoring, toxic gas monitoring, connected target coverage problem, and mobile crowd sensing are discussed in detail. Geographic routing, wireless charging, and wireless coexistence are challenging issues that need to be addressed in the near future.