scholarly journals Design and Comparative Study of Hybrid Propulsions for a River Ferry Operating on Short Cycles with High Power Demands

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Nacera Bennabi ◽  
Hocine Menana ◽  
Jean-Frederic Charpentier ◽  
Jean-Yves Billard ◽  
Benoit Nottelet
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Hybrid Structures ◽  
Seine River ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Hybrid Propulsion ◽  
Power Management Strategy ◽  
Two Hybrid

Based on a multidisciplinary and configurable modeling approach, this work deals with the optimal choice and the design of a hybrid propulsion with the associated power management strategy to replace a conventional propulsion in a low tonnage river ferry operating on short cycles, with the aim of reducing its environmental impact and the costs over its entire lifetime. The considered ferry is used for the transport of people and vehicles crossing the Seine river, with an installed propulsive power of 330 KW. The operating cycle of the ferry and the energy consumption of its classical propulsion have been determined experimentally and then used as references in simulations for validation and comparison purposes. Two hybrid structures involving the use of batteries and supercapacitors were proposed and compared. It is shown that the hybridization leads to a substantial reduction in CO2 emissions. The supercapacitor- and battery-based hybrid structures lead respectively to 18% and 29.7% CO2 reduction compared to classical propulsion, representing, respectively, about 382 and 626 tons of CO2 reduction over 20 years of operation. Despite the fact that the use of batteries leads to a more significant reduction in CO2 emissions, the solution using supercapacitors is chosen following a technical-economic study over 20 years of operation.

scholarly journals Future Power Train Solutions for Long-Haul Trucks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2225
Author(s):  
Ralf Peters ◽  
Janos Lucian Breuer ◽  
Maximilian Decker ◽  
Thomas Grube ◽  
Martin Robinius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Achieving the CO2 reduction targets for 2050 requires extensive measures being undertaken in all sectors. In contrast to energy generation, the transport sector has not yet been able to achieve a substantive reduction in CO2 emissions. Measures for the ever more pressing reduction in CO2 emissions from transportation include the increased use of electric vehicles powered by batteries or fuel cells. The use of fuel cells requires the production of hydrogen and the establishment of a corresponding hydrogen production system and associated infrastructure. Synthetic fuels made using carbon dioxide and sustainably-produced hydrogen can be used in the existing infrastructure and will reach the extant vehicle fleet in the medium term. All three options require a major expansion of the generation capacities for renewable electricity. Moreover, various options for road freight transport with light duty vehicles (LDVs) and heavy duty vehicles (HDVs) are analyzed and compared. In addition to efficiency throughout the entire value chain, well-to-wheel efficiency and also other aspects play an important role in this comparison. These include: (a) the possibility of large-scale energy storage in the sense of so-called ‘sector coupling’, which is offered only by hydrogen and synthetic energy sources; (b) the use of the existing fueling station infrastructure and the applicability of the new technology on the existing fleet; (c) fulfilling the power and range requirements of the long-distance road transport.

Life Cycle Energy Assessment of a Typical Marble Processing Plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Bhargav Prajwal ◽  
Harlal S. Mali ◽  
Ravindra Nagar
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Educational Software ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Productivity Cost ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Low Efficiency

This article describes how marble is one of the most important stone resources in terms of durability. It is aesthetically pleasing, and a decorative material used by many architects, as well as plays an important role in the economy of India. Most of the marble processing activities are performed by small and medium scale industries (SMEs) not only in India but worldwide. These industries have low efficiency and productivity due to lack of new technologies, high productivity cost and a lack of proper sustainable waste management systems, thereby increasing the waste generated during the processing stage. There is a significant need within the sector for increasing production efficiency, combined with the need of a substantial reduction in waste generated that can be achieved by endorsing technological innovations. This is in addition to following best available processing practices, incorporating energy saving technologies and modernizing the sectors management and organization structure which will substantially increase efficiency as well as production. This article provides a systematic approach for assessing the current energy and present environment status of a typical SME processing units of Rajasthan area, and proposes measures for meeting cleaner production principles. An evaluation methodology was developed considering the realistic plant operation scenarios. The total energy inputs for processing the products with their appropriate environmental indices like CO2 emissions were calculated. Alternatively, the CO2 emissions were also calculated by Gabi educational software for different industries and the best way of reducing the energy consumption is suggested by following alternate source of energy.

scholarly journals Interactions between QnrB, QnrB Mutants, and DNA Gyrase

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 5413-5419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eu Suk Kim ◽  
Chunhui Chen ◽  
Molly Braun ◽  
Hyo Youl Kim ◽  
Ryo Okumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
No Reduction ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Dna Gyrase ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
Substitution Mutant ◽  
Two Hybrid ◽  
Intermediate Effect

ABSTRACTPlasmid-encoded protein QnrB1 protects DNA gyrase from ciprofloxacin inhibition. Using a bacterial two-hybrid system, we evaluated the physical interactions between wild-type and mutant QnrB1, the GyrA and GyrB gyrase subunits, and a GyrBA fusion protein. The interaction of QnrB1 with GyrB and GyrBA was approximately 10-fold higher than that with GyrA, suggesting that domains of GyrB are important for stabilizing QnrB1 interaction with the holoenzyme. Sub-MICs of ciprofloxacin or nalidixic acid reduced the interactions between QnrB1 and GyrA or GyrBA but produced no reduction in the interaction with GyrB or a quinolone-resistant GyrA:S83L (GyrA with S83L substitution) mutant, suggesting that quinolones and QnrB1 compete for binding to gyrase. Of QnrB1 mutants that reduced quinolone resistance, deletions in the C or N terminus of QnrB1 resulted in a marked decrease in interactions with GyrA but limited or no effect on interactions with GyrB and an intermediate effect on interactions with GyrBA. While deletion of loop B and both loops moderately reduced the interaction signal with GyrA, deletion of loop A resulted in only a small reduction in the interaction with GyrB. The loop A deletion also caused a substantial reduction in interaction with GyrBA, with little effect of loop B and dual-loop deletions. Single-amino-acid loop mutations had little effect on physical interactions except for a Δ105I mutant. Therefore, loops A and B may play key roles in the proper positioning of QnrB1 rather than as determinants of the physical interaction of QnrB1 with gyrase.

scholarly journals Insights into the Carbon Balance for CO2 Electroreduction on Cu using Gas Diffusion Electrode Reactor Designs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Ma ◽  
Ezra Lee Clark ◽  
Kasper T. Therkildsen ◽  
Sebastian Dalsgaard ◽  
Ib Chorkendorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Co2 Consumption ◽  
Electrolyte Interface ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction

In this work, the carbon balance during high-rate CO2 reduction in flow electrolyzers is rigorously analyzed. The CO2 consumption at gas-diffusion electrodes due to electrochemical reduction and reaction with OH- at the electrode-electrolyte interface leads to a substantial reduction in the volumetric flowrate of gas flow out of the electrolyzer, especially when highly alkaline electrolytes and elevated current densities are utilized, mainly owing to elevated pH at cathode/electrolyte interface. Without considering the CO2 consumption, the Faradaic efficiencies for major gas products could be significantly overestimated during high current density CO2 reduction conditions, particularly in the case of high pH electrolyte. In addition, a detailed carbon balance path is elucidated via a two-step procedure of CO2 reaction with OH- at cathode/electrolyte interface and subsequent CO2 generation at anode/electrolyte interface caused by a relatively low pH in the vicinity of the anode. Based on the proposed two-step carbon balance path, a systemic exploration of gases released in anolyte reveals the transformation of a HCO3- or OH- catholyte to a CO32- catholyte, which was further confirmed by pH measurement.

Energy consumption and CO2 emissions of joining processes for manufacturing hybrid structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Gagliardi ◽  
Domenico Palaia ◽  
Giuseppina Ambrogio
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Hybrid Structures

scholarly journals Carbon Capture for CO2 Emission Reduction in the Cement Industry in Germany

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markewitz ◽  
Zhao ◽  
Ryssel ◽  
Moumin ◽  
Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Combustion Technology

The share of global CO2 emissions deriving from the cement industry is about 5%. More than 50% of these are process-related and cannot be avoided. This paper addresses the application of CO2 capture technology to the cement industry. Analyses focusing on post-combustion technology for cement plants are carried out on the basis of detailed model calculations. Different heat supply variants for the regeneration of loaded wash solution were investigated. CO2 avoidance costs are in a range of 77 to 115 EUR/tCO2. The achievable CO2 avoidance rate for the investigated cases was determined to be 70% to 90%. CO2 reduction potentials were identified using CCS technology, focusing on the German cement industry as a case study. The results show that adopting carbon capture technology could lead to a significant reduction in CO2 emissions.

N-bridged Co-N-Ni: new bimetallic sites for promoting electrochemical CO2 reduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajing Pei ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Rui Sui ◽  
Xuejiang Zhang ◽  
Danni Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Co2 Reduction Reaction

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is of importance for reducing global CO2 emissions. Herein, we reported a high active CO2RR catalyst Co-N-Ni/NPCNSs, which is considered as an advanced single-site catalyst...

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