Screening and Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Associated with Chilo suppressalis Walker

The current study aimed to explore the entomopathogenic fungi associated with the larvae of Chilo suppressalis Walker, a serious pest of rice, in northern Iran. The collected specimens were cultured and identified through morphological and molecular methods. The 38 specimens were identified by microscopic examination and genetic sequencing of the ITS region as follows: twenty-one isolates of Beauveria bassiana, five isolates of Akanthomyces lecanii, four isolates of Akanthomyces muscarious, three isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae, two isolates of Hirsutella subulata, two isolates of Trichoderma sp. and one isolate of Aspergillus sp. All the identified isolates were treated on the larvae through bioassay, evaluating the amount of hydrophobin and the activities of proteases, chitinases and lipase to find their virulence. Moreover, the percentage of thermotolerant and cold activity of the isolates were tested to determine their environmental persistence. The overall results revealed the isolates of B. bassiana, including BBRR1, BBAL1 and BBLN1 as the most virulent and environmental adaptive isolates among the fungi associated with C. suppressalis.

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New emerging entomopathogenic fungi isolated from soil in South Sumatra (Indonesia) and their filtrate and conidial insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d211115 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Siti Herlinda ◽

Riski Anwar Efendi ◽

Radix Suharjo ◽

Hasbi Hasbi ◽

Arum Setiawan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequence Analysis ◽

Culture Filtrate ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Insecticidal Activity ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Its Region ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Penicillium Citrinum

Abstract. Herlinda S, Efendi RA, Suharjo R, Hasbi, Setiawan A, Elfita, Verawaty M. 2020. New emerging entomopathogenic fungi isolated from soil in South Sumatra (Indonesia) and their filtrate and conidial insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura. Biodiversitas 21: 5102-5113. This study was carried out to confirm identity of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae using sequence analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region as well as the two unknown isolates of EPF and to investigate their filtrate and conidial insecticidal activity against S. litura larvae. The EPF species were identified based on morphological characters and molecular analysis. Their culture filtrate and conidial bioassays were performed on S. litura larvae. The species found were Penicillium citrinum (BKbTp), Talaromyces diversus (MSwTp1), B. bassiana (BSwTd4), and M. anisopliae (MSwTp3) and have been deposited in the GenBank. All EPF species have high insecticidal activity against S. litura larvae. The highest larvae mortality caused by filtrate was found on P. citrinum (98.67%) and not significantly different from those of T. diversus (96%), but significantly different from B. bassiana (86.67%) and M anisopliae (82.67%). The highest larvae mortality caused by the conidia was also occurred to P. citrinum (98.67%) which was not significantly different from those of T. diversus (97.33%), B. bassiana (86.67%), and M. anisopliae (86.67%). The LT50 caused by T. diversus filtrate was the shortest (6.19 days) and not significantly different from those caused by P. citrinum (6.62 days). The shortest LT50 caused by conidia was found on P. citrinum (5.45 days). Therefore, the conidia and filtrate of P. citrinum, a new emerging entomopathogenic fungus, has the highest insecticidal activity. P. citrinum has the potential to be developed into commercial mycoinsecticides.

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Insecticidal Action of Several Isolates of Entomopathogenic Fungi against The Granary Weevil Sitophilus Granarius

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture9100222 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 222 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Spiridon Mantzoukas ◽

Ioannis Lagogiannis ◽

Maria Mpekiri ◽

Ioannis Pettas ◽

Panagiotis A. Eliopoulos

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Conidial Suspension ◽

Sitophilus Granarius ◽

Granary Weevil ◽

Fungal Isolates ◽

Insecticidal Action ◽

Lethal Time ◽

Aspergillus Sp

The insecticidal virulence of various entomopathogenic fungal isolates retrieved from soil samples was tested on adults of the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Bioassays were carried out in the laboratory where experimental adults were sprayed with 1 mL of conidial suspension (108 conidia/mL) from each isolate. Mortality was recorded at 7, 14, and 21 days after exposure. Mean mortality, mean lethal time, survival, and hazard effect were estimated for each isolate. Two isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), one isolate of Aspergillus insuetus (Bainier) Thom & Church (Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinkoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) resulted in the highest mortality (97–100%). The isolates with both the highest hazard effect and the lowest survival rate were Aspergillus sp. and M. anisopliae. Our results indicate that entomopathogenic fungi have the potential to become a very useful tool in reducing chemical applications in storage facilities.

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Phenotypic, molecular, and virulence characterization of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Balsam) Vuillemin, and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin from soil samples of Ethiopia for the development of mycoinsecticide

Heliyon ◽

10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. e07091

Author(s):

Amha Gebremariam ◽

Yonas Chekol ◽

Fassil Assefa

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Soil Samples

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On the virulence of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-021-00428-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Shehzad ◽

Muhammad Tariq ◽

Tariq Mukhtar ◽

Asim Gulzar

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Offspring Sex Ratio ◽

Development Of Resistance

Abstract Background The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a noxious pest of cruciferous crops all over the world causing serious economic damage. Management of insect pest generally depends on chemical control; however, due to development of resistance against all types of insecticides, alternative approaches especially utilization of a microbial agent is inevitable. Results Potential of 2 entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), viz., Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, was evaluated against 2nd and 3rd larval instars of P. xylostella by adopting leaf dip and direct spraying methods under laboratory conditions. Significant mortality rate was achieved by each fungus under adopted methodologies. However, B. bassiana was found to be more effective in both conditions than M. anisopliae. Highest mean corrected mortality (77.80%) was recorded, when spores of B. bassiana were sprayed on the 2nd instar larvae (LC50=1.78×104/ml) after the 6th day of treatment. Similarly, incase of M. anisopliae LC50 for the 2nd instar at the same methodology was 2.78×104/ml with a mortality percentage of 70.0%. Offspring sex ratio was non-significantly related to treatment concentration and methodology, except for the control. Conclusion Beauveria bassiana and M. anisopliae had potential to suppress P. xylostella infestations when applied appropriately. Present findings suggested that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae when sprayed on immatures of host insect had more effect as compared to leaf dip procedure. Furthermore, no significant effect of concentrations was observed on sex ratio.

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Growth of entomopathogenic fungi colonies Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin enriched with termite juice

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/667/1/012084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 667 (1) ◽

pp. 012084

Author(s):

N Anggraini ◽

S Suhartono ◽

A Alfizar ◽

H Husni ◽

S Rusdiana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae

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Entomopathogenic fungi as the microbial frontline against the alien Eucalyptus pest Gonipterus platensis in Brazil

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86638-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Carolina Jordan ◽

Paula Leite dos Santos ◽

Leiliane Rodrigues dos Santos Oliveira ◽

Mauricio Magalhães Domingues ◽

Bianca Cristina Costa Gêa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Natural Variation ◽

Fungal Strains ◽

Conidial Production ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Virulent Strains ◽

Eucalyptus Plantations ◽

Infected Adult

AbstractThe eucalyptus snout beetle (ESB), Gonipterus platensis, is endemic to Australia but has become a major invasive, destructive pest of Brazilian eucalyptus plantations. Efforts to develop insecticides based on entomopathogenic fungi against ESB are limited by the lack of known virulent strains. We therefore explored the virulence of indigenous Brazilian strains of major entomopathogenic fungi—Beauveria spp. and Metarhizium anisopliae—against ESB adults. We found widely varying virulence and later capacities for conidial production on infected adult cadavers. Two strains stood out, B. bassiana IBCB-240 and M. anisopliae IBCB-364, as especially lethal for ESB adults under laboratory conditions, sporulated abundantly on infected insects, and also outperformed comparable strains used in commercial mycoinsecticides. Notably, B. bassiana IBCB-240 exhibited lower LT50 values at low inoculum levels (≤ 107 conidia mL−1) and smaller LC50 values than M. anisopliae IBCB-364. Taken together, this study emphasizes natural variation in virulence among indigenous Beauveria and Metarhizium strains against ESB adults and identifies fungal strains with superior lethality to existing commercialized strains for managing this eucalyptus pest in Brazil.

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Ecology of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in temperate agroecosystems: Potential for conservation biological control

Biological Control ◽

10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.07.007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 145-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 267

Author(s):

Nicolai V. Meyling ◽

Jørgen Eilenberg

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Conservation Biological Control

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Evaluating the virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) and Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) isolates to Arabian rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes agamemnon arabicus

Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research ◽

10.4081/jear.2015.5180 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.W. Khudhair ◽

M.Z. Khalaf ◽

H.F. Alrubeai ◽

A.K. Shbar ◽

B.S. Hamad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Pupal Stage ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Rhinoceros Beetle ◽

Oryctes Agamemnon ◽

Lethal Time ◽

Short Time

Virulence of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were tested against Arabian Rhinoceros Beetle, Oryctes agamemnon arabicus larvae. Four concentrations (1×105, 1×107, 1×109 and 1×1011 conidia/mL–1) of two locally isolated entomopathogenic fungi spore suspensions were used in this study via larval direct spraying. Results revealed that both isolates can cause high mortality rate reaching 100% after 29 days. However, Beauveria bassiana scored higher mortality rate in short time especially at the concentration of 1×1011 conidia/ mL–1 with lethal time (LT)50 12.75 and LT90 20.00; while, Metarhizium anisopliae caused the higher percentage of malformed adults. Moreover, both isolates affected insect’s life cycle particularly in the pupal stage which was reduced remarkably by almost 50% in comparison with the control treatment.

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Efeito do lodo de esgoto na indução de supressividade in vitro a Phytophthora nicotianae

Fitopatologia Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-41582003000100010 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 67-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carolina Leoni ◽

Raquel Ghini

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Medicago Sativa ◽

Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽

Phytophthora Spp ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Aspergillus Sp

Uma alternativa de manejo das doenças causadas por Phytophthora spp. é o uso de matéria orgânica. No presente trabalho foi avaliada a potencialidade do lodo de esgoto na indução de supressividade in vitro a P. nicotianae. O efeito do lodo de esgoto incorporado ao solo na sobrevivência de P. nicotianae foi avaliado mediante um experimento fatorial com dois fatores: doses de lodo de esgoto (0, 10, 20 e 40% p/p) e concentrações de inóculo [0, 10 ou 20 g de grãos de trigo (Triticum aestivum) colonizados kg-1]. Aos 21 dias, quando aumentaram as doses de lodo de esgoto, a sobrevivência de P. nicotianae e os pHs das misturas diminuíram, e as condutividades elétricas (CE) aumentaram. As correlações entre a CE e a sobrevivência do patógeno foram negativas e significativas (P>0,05). Para estudar o efeito dos compostos químicos envolvidos na supressividade, foram obtidos extratos em água, H2SO4 2N e KOH 0,4N de misturas de areia – lodo de esgoto (20% p/p), e foram acrescentados ao meio de cultura e seu efeito avaliado no crescimento das colônias de P. nicotianae. O extrato ácido (H2SO4 2N) do tratamento com 20% de lodo de esgoto inibiu significativamente (P>0,05) o crescimento da colônia do patógeno. O efeito biológico foi estudado mediante isolamento de microrganismos em meio de cultura e seleção por antagonismo. No bioensaio com plântulas de alfafa (Medicago sativa) destacaram-se os isolados F9.1 (Aspergillus sp.) e A12.1 (actinomiceto, não identificado); e no teste de culturas pareadas destacou-se um Trichoderma sp. e dois actinomicetos por antibiose, e um Trichoderma sp. e três Aspergillus sp. por hiperparasitismo.

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Genetic diversity of rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker) from Northern Iran and comparison with other countries

Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research ◽

10.4081/jear.2016.5507 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 360 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Shayanmehr ◽

E. Yoosefi-Lafooraki

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Chilo Suppressalis ◽

Mazandaran Province ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

High Gene ◽

Major Pest ◽

Different Populations ◽

Low Levels

Rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is considered the major pest of rice in Iran. Because of the serious damage on rice in Northern Iran, the present study was conducted to investigate genetic diversity within populations of C. suppressalis, from Mazandaran using a template of cytochrome oxidase I gene, 750 bps, (COI). Later the haplotypes from Iran were compared with those found in other countries. According to the results of this study, there is very low genetic diversity (two haplotypes) among different populations of this pest in populations of Northern Iran. The genetic similarity and low levels of genetic diversity of these populations suggest that the pest colonization occurred relatively recently and there is high gene flow between these populations of the province. In addition, haplotypes of Mazandaran province are different with those found in other countries. The similarity of Iranian population (Simorgh) with one population from China indicated that China might be the origin of C. suppresalis.

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