scholarly journals Differential Physiological Prerequisites and Gene Expression Profiles of Conidial Anastomosis Tube and Germ Tube Formation in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Nikita Mehta ◽  
Ravindra Patil ◽  
Abhishek Baghela
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Exclusive Processes

The conidia of a hemibiotrophic fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, can conventionally form a germ tube (GT) and develop into a fungal colony. Under certain conditions, they tend to get connected through a conidial anastomosis tube (CAT) to share the nutrients. CAT fusion is believed to be responsible for the generation of genetic variations in few asexual fungi, which appears problematic for effective fungal disease management. The physiological and molecular requirements underlying the GT formation versus CAT fusion remained underexplored. In the present study, we have deciphered the physiological prerequisites for GT formation versus CAT fusion in C. gloeosporioides. GT formation occurred at a high frequency in the presence of nutrients, while CAT fusion was found to be higher in the absence of nutrients. Younger conidia were found to form GT efficiently, while older conidia preferentially formed CAT. Whole transcriptome analysis of GT and CAT revealed highly differential gene expression profiles, wherein 11,050 and 9786 genes were differentially expressed during GT formation and CAT fusion, respectively. A total of 1567 effector candidates were identified; out of them, 102 and 100 were uniquely expressed during GT formation and CAT fusion, respectively. Genes coding for cell wall degrading enzymes, germination, hyphal growth, host-fungus interaction, and virulence were highly upregulated during GT formation. Meanwhile, genes involved in stress response, cell wall remodeling, membrane transport, cytoskeleton, cell cycle, and cell rescue were highly upregulated during CAT fusion. To conclude, the GT formation and CAT fusion were found to be mutually exclusive processes, requiring differential physiological conditions and sets of DEGs in C. gloeosporioides. This study will help in understanding the basic CAT biology in emerging fungal model species of the genus Colletotrichum.

scholarly journals Deciphering the differential physiological and molecular requirements for conidial anastomosis tube fusion and germ tube formation in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Mehta ◽  
Ravindra Patil ◽  
Abhishek Baghela
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Asexual Fungi ◽  
Host Fungus ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Exclusive Processes

AbstractThe conidia of a hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides can conventionally form germ tube (GT) and develop in to a fungal colony, while under certain conditions, they tend to get connected with each other through conidial anastomosis tube (CAT) so as to share the nutrients. CAT fusion is believed to be responsible for generation of genetic variations in few asexual fungi, which appears problematic for effective fungal disease management. The physiological and molecular mechanism underlying the GT versus CAT formation remained unexplored. In the present study, we have deciphered the decision switch responsible for GT formation versus CAT fusion in C. gloeosporioides. GT formation occurred at high frequency in the presence of nutrients, while CAT fusion was found to be higher in absence of nutrients. Younger conidia were found to form GT efficiently, whilst older conidia preferentially formed CAT. Whole transcriptome analysis of GT and CAT fusion revealed differential molecular requirements for these two processes. We identified 11050 and 9786 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GT and CAT, respectively. A total 1567 effector candidates were identified, of them 103 and 101 were uniquely secreted during GT and CAT formation respectively. Genes coding for cell wall degrading enzymes, germination, hyphal growth, host-fungus interaction and virulence were up-regulated during GT formation. Whilst, genes involved in stress response, cell wall remodelling, membrane transport, cytoskeleton, cell cycle, and cell rescue were highly up-regulated during CAT fusion. To conclude, the GT and CAT fusion were found to be mutually exclusive processes, requiring differential physiological conditions and sets of DEGs in C. gloeosporioides. This will help to understand the basic CAT biology in the genus Colletotrichum.

scholarly journals Deregulation of DSE1 Gene Expression Results in Aberrant Budding within the Birth Scar and Cell Wall Integrity Pathway Activation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Frýdlová ◽  
Ivana Malcová ◽  
Pavla Vašicová ◽  
Jiří Hašek
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Daughter Cell ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Pathway Activation

ABSTRACT Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking Isw2, the catalytic subunit of the Isw2 chromatin remodeling complex, show the mating type-independent activation of the cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway. Since the CWI pathway activation usually reflects cell wall defects, we searched for the cell wall-related genes changed in expression. The genes DSE1, CTS1, and CHS1 were upregulated as a result of the absence of Isw2, according to previously published gene expression profiles (I. Frydlova, M. Basler, P. Vasicova, I. Malcova, and J. Hasek, Curr. Genet. 52:87-95, 2007). Western blot analyses of double deletion mutants, however, did not indicate the contribution of the chitin metabolism-related genes CTS1 and CHS1 to the CWI pathway activation. Nevertheless, the deletion of the DSE1 gene encoding a daughter cell-specific protein with unknown function suppressed CWI pathway activation in isw2Δ cells. In addition, the deletion of DSE1 also abolished the budding-within-the-birth-scar phenotype of isw2Δ cells. The plasmid-driven overexpression proved that the deregulation of Dse1 synthesis was also responsible for CWI pathway activation and manifestation of the budding-within-the-birth-scar phenotype in wild-type cells. The overproduced Dse1-green fluorescent protein localized to both sides of the septum and persisted in unbudded cells. Although the exact cellular role of this daughter cell-specific protein has to be elucidated, our data point to the involvement of Dse1 in bud site selection in haploid cells.

scholarly journals Short De-Etiolation Increases the Rooting of VC801 Avocado Rootstock

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1481
Author(s):  
Zvi Duman ◽  
Gal Hadas-Brandwein ◽  
Avi Eliyahu ◽  
Eduard Belausov ◽  
Mohamad Abu-Abied ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Wall Properties ◽  
Cell Wall Properties ◽  
Better Than

Dark-grown (etiolated) branches of many recalcitrant plant species root better than their green counterparts. Here it was hypothesized that changes in cell-wall properties and hormones occurring during etiolation contribute to rooting efficiency. Measurements of chlorophyll, carbohydrate and auxin contents, as well as tissue compression, histological analysis and gene-expression profiles were determined in etiolated and de-etiolated branches of the avocado rootstock VC801. Differences in chlorophyll content and tissue rigidity, and changes in xyloglucan and pectin in cambium and parenchyma cells were found. Interestingly, lignin and sugar contents were similar, suggesting that de-etiolated branches resemble the etiolated ones in this respect. Surprisingly, the branches that underwent short de-etiolation rooted better than the etiolated ones, and only a slight difference in IAA content between the two was observed. Gene-expression profiles revealed an increase in ethylene-responsive transcripts in the etiolated branches, which correlated with enrichment in xyloglucan hydrolases. In contrast, transcripts encoding pectin methylesterase and pectolyases were enriched in the de-etiolated branches. Taken together, it seems that the short de-etiolation period led to fine tuning of the conditions favoring adventitious root formation in terms of auxin–ethylene balance and cell-wall properties.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of three Agave fiber-producing cultivars suitable for biochemicals and biofuels production in semiarid regions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Trigo Raya ◽  
Marina Pupke Marone ◽  
Lucas Miguel Carvalho ◽  
Sarita Candida Rabelo ◽  
Maiki Soares de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
List Type ◽  
Semiarid Regions ◽  
G Ratio

ABSTRACTAgaves, which have been grown commercially for fiber or alcoholic beverages, are emerging as a candidate crop for biochemicals and biofuels production in semiarid regions because of their high productivity in low rainfall areas, drought tolerance, and low lignin content.In this work, we present the transcriptomic atlas of Agave sisalana, Agave fourcroydes, and agave hybrid 11648 (A. amaniensis x A. angustifolia) under prolonged drought in field conditions. Leaf, stem, and root tissues were sequenced, and gene expression profiles were correlated with biomass composition, enzymatic hydrolysis of cell wall carbohydrates, histochemical analysis, and non-structural carbohydrates content.Differences in biomass accessibility were attributed to either lignin content or lignin composition, possibly through modification of s/g ratio promoted by changes in Caffeic Acid 3-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) transcript abundance. Unlike most plants, the most highly expressed transcripts do not encode photosynthetic proteins, but rather involved in stress response. Although the three cultivars presented quantitative differences in global gene expression, they activated a highly overlapping set of genes. The main molecular strategies employed by agave to cope with high-temperature and drought seem to consist in overexpressing HSP and LEA, as well as promoting raffinose accumulation as an osmolyte.In conclusion, our data provide vital new genetic information for the study of Agave species and provide new insights into cell wall architecture, recalcitrance, and resistance to abiotic stresses for these species.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Stress and Inducer-Dependent Plant-Cell-Wall-Degrading Enzymes During Asexual Development inAspergillus nidulans

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 957-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf A Prade ◽  
Patricia Ayoubi ◽  
Shobana Krishnan ◽  
Sunita Macwana ◽  
Hugh Russell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Asexual Development ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Digital Reconstruction ◽  
Expressed Sequenced Tags

AbstractDetermination and interpretation of fungal gene expression profiles based on digital reconstruction of expressed sequenced tags (ESTs) are reported. A total of 51,524 DNA sequence files processed with PipeOnline resulted in 9775 single and 5660 contig unique ESTs, 31.2% of a typical fungal transcriptome. Half of the unique ESTs shared homology with genes in public databases, 35.8% of which are functionally defined and 64.2% are unclear or unknown. In Aspergillus nidulans 86% of transcripts associate with intermediate metabolism functions, mainly related to carbohydrate, amino acid, protein, and peptide biosynthesis. During asexual development, A. nidulans unexpectedly accumulates stress response and inducer-dependent transcripts in the absence of an inducer. Stress response genes in A. nidulans ESTs total 1039 transcripts, contrasting with 117 in Neurospora crassa, a 14.3-fold difference. A total of 5.6% of A. nidulans ESTs implicate inducer-dependent cell wall degradation or amino acid acquisition, 3.5-fold higher than in N. crassa. Accumulation of stress response and inducer-dependent transcripts suggests general derepression of cis-regulation during terminal asexual development.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes Strains of the Two Major Lineages Reveals Differences in Virulence, Cell Wall, and Stress Response

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (19) ◽  
pp. 6078-6088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Severino ◽  
Olivier Dussurget ◽  
Ricardo Z. N. Vêncio ◽  
Emilie Dumas ◽  
Patricia Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Ontology Term ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineage

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne, opportunistic, bacterial pathogen causing a wide spectrum of diseases, including meningitis, septicemia, abortion, and gastroenteritis, in humans and animals. Among the 13 L. monocytogenes serovars described, human listeriosis is mostly associated with strains of serovars 4b, 1/2b, and 1/2a. Within the species L. monocytogenes, three phylogenetic lineages are described. Serovar 1/2a belongs to phylogenetic lineage I, while serovars 4b and 1/2b group in phylogenetic lineage II. To explore the role of gene expression in the adaptation of L. monocytogenes strains of these two major lineages to different environments, as well as in virulence, we performed whole-genome expression profiling of six L. monocytogenes isolates of serovars 4b, 1/2b, and 1/2a of distinct origins, using a newly constructed Listeria multigenome DNA array. Comparison of the global gene expression profiles revealed differences among strains. The expression profiles of two strains having distinct 50% lethal doses, as assessed in the mouse model, were further analyzed. Gene ontology term enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes identified differences in protein-, nucleic acid-, carbon metabolism-, and virulence-related gene expression. Comparison of the expression profiles of the core genomes of all strains revealed differences between the two lineages with respect to cell wall synthesis, the stress-related sigma B regulon and virulence-related genes. These findings suggest different patterns of interaction with host cells and the environment, key factors for host colonization and survival in the environment.

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