scholarly journals Effects of Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates on Fungi: A Comprehensive Review on Direct Effects, Mechanisms, Structure-Activity Relationship Data and Possible Agricultural Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Tamás Plaszkó ◽  
Zsolt Szűcs ◽  
Gábor Vasas ◽  
Sándor Gonda
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Antifungal Action ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Soil Microbial Composition

Plants heavily rely on chemical defense systems against a variety of stressors. The glucosinolates in the Brassicaceae and some allies are the core molecules of one of the most researched such pathways. These natural products are enzymatically converted into isothiocyanates (ITCs) and occasionally other defensive volatile organic constituents (VOCs) upon fungal challenge or tissue disruption to protect the host against the stressor. The current review provides a comprehensive insight on the effects of the isothiocyanates on fungi, including, but not limited to mycorrhizal fungi and pathogens of Brassicaceae. In the review, our current knowledge on the following topics are summarized: direct antifungal activity and the proposed mechanisms of antifungal action, QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationships), synergistic activity of ITCs with other agents, effects of ITCs on soil microbial composition and allelopathic activity. A detailed insight into the possible applications is also provided: the literature of biofumigation studies, inhibition of post-harvest pathogenesis and protection of various products including grains and fruits is also reviewed herein.

scholarly journals Vineyard under-vine floor management alters soil microbial composition, while the fruit microbiome shows no corresponding shifts

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Yi Chou ◽  
Justine Vanden Heuvel ◽  
Terrence H. Bell ◽  
Kevin Panke-Buisse ◽  
Jenny Kao-Kniffin
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Composition

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Chemicals on the Gut Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Chiu ◽  
Genoa Warner ◽  
Romana A Nowak ◽  
Jodi A Flaws ◽  
Wenyan Mei
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Since the surge of microbiome research in the last decade, many studies have provided insight into the causes and consequences of changes in the gut microbiota. Among the multiple factors involved in regulating the microbiome, exogenous factors such as diet and environmental chemicals have been shown to alter the gut microbiome significantly. Although diet substantially contributes to changes in the gut microbiome, environmental chemicals are major contaminants in our food and are often overlooked. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on major classes of environmental chemicals (bisphenols, phthalates, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, and pesticides) and their impact on the gut microbiome, which includes alterations in microbial composition, gene expression, function, and health effects in the host. We then discuss health-related implications of gut microbial changes, which include changes in metabolism, immunity, and neurological function.

scholarly journals Grapevine decline is associated with difference in soil microbial composition and activity

OENO One ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Darriaut ◽  
Guilherme Martins ◽  
Coralie Dewasme ◽  
Séverine Mary ◽  
Guillaume Darrieutort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Enzymatic Assays ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Grapevine Decline ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
Soil Microbial Composition

Grapevine decline is a top concern in viticulture worldwide and is often associated with many biotic and abiotic factors. Grape trunk diseases and viruses are some of the most frequently identified causes of vine dieback. However, a decline is sometimes observed when no mineral deficiency or excess, or pathogenic causes can be identified. Soil enzymatic and microbial activities are relevant bio-indicators since they are known to influence vine health. Grapevine associated microbiota, linked to vine fitness, is known to be influenced by soil microbiota coming from the microbial pool inhabiting the vineyard. This work describes the microbial diversity and activity of four different vineyard plots of the Bordeaux region, selected due to the presence of localised declining areas unexplained yet by disease symptoms. Soils were sampled in declining areas and areas within the same plot showing no decline symptoms, during autumn and spring periods. Significant differences in enzymatic activities, microbial biomass and activity were found among soils even if those soils presented quite similar physicochemical characteristics that could not explain these observed declines. The results of enzymatic assays distinguished patterns in autumn and spring periods with an overall greater enzymatic activity in soils from non-declining areas. This work suggests that soils displaying decline symptoms present a dysbiosis in functionality and diversity which is linked to vine health.

Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities under Different Soil Salinity Levels Analyzing by PLFA

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 314-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Yan Jiao ◽  
Ming De Yang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Salinized Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Composition

Under different soil salinity levels, diversity of soil microbial communities from Hetao irrigated land of Inner Mongolia was studied by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. The study found that PLFAs biomass in saline soil was significantly lower than those of strongly salinized soil and slight salinized soil. Microbes was bacteria-based from these soil. The bacterial PLFA loading in saline soil is significantly less than those of strongly salinized soil and slight salinized soil . Cluster analysis showed that changes had obviously taken place on soil microbial composition and quantity under different soil salinity levels.About 76.89% of variation in PLFA patterns explained by PC1(the first  principal components),and 17:1, 16:0, 18:1w9c, 18:1w9t, 18:2, 18:3w3c, 12:0 were strongly negatively correlated with PC1.However,soil salinity and pH were positively correlated with PC1.We conclude that soil salinity has  a profound affect on the microbial community structure.

scholarly journals Soil microbial composition varies in response to coffee agroecosystem management

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie D Jurburg ◽  
Katherine L Shek ◽  
Krista McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Composition

ABSTRACT Soil microbes are essential to the continued productivity of sustainably managed agroecosystems. In shade coffee plantations, the relationship between soil microbial composition, soil nutrient availability and coffee productivity have been demonstrated, but the effects of management on the composition of the soil microbial communities remains relatively unexplored. To further understand how management modulates the soil microbiome, the soil fungal and bacterial communities, soil chemistry, and canopy composition were surveyed in a Nicaraguan coffee cooperative, across 19 individual farms. Amplicon sequencing analyses showed that management (organic or conventional), stand age and previous land use affected the soil microbiome, albeit in different ways. Bacterial communities were most strongly associated with soil chemistry, while fungal communities were more strongly associated with the composition of the canopy and historical land use of the coffee plantation. Notably, both fungal and bacterial richness decreased with stand age. In addition to revealing the first in-depth characterization of the soil microbiome in coffee plantations in Nicaragua, these results highlight how fungal and bacterial communities are simultaneously modulated by long-term land use legacies (i.e. an agricultural plot's previous land use) and short-term press disturbance (i.e. farm age).

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