scholarly journals How Dopamine Influences Survival and Cellular Immune Response of Rhipicephalus microplus Inoculated with Metarhizium anisopliae

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
Thaís Almeida Corrêa ◽  
Jéssica Fiorotti ◽  
Emily Mesquita ◽  
Laura Nóbrega Meirelles ◽  
Mariana Guedes Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Phenoloxidase Activity ◽  
Cellular Immune

Dopamine (DA) is a biogenic monoamine reported to modulate insect hemocytes. Although the immune functions of DA are known in insects, there is a lack of knowledge of DA’s role in the immune system of ticks. The use of Metarhizium anisopliae has been considered for tick control, driving studies on the immune response of these arthropods challenged with fungi. The present study evaluated the effect of DA on the cellular immune response and survival of Rhipicephalus microplus inoculated with M. anisopliae blastospores. Exogenous DA increased both ticks’ survival 72 h after M. anisopliae inoculation and the number of circulating hemocytes compared to the control group, 24 h after the treatment. The phagocytic index of tick hemocytes challenged with M. anisopliae did not change upon injection of exogenous DA. Phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph of ticks injected with DA and the fungus or exclusively with DA was higher than in untreated ticks or ticks inoculated with the fungus alone, 72 h after treatment. DA was detected in the hemocytes of fungus-treated and untreated ticks. Unveiling the cellular immune response in ticks challenged with entomopathogenic fungi is important to improve strategies for the biological control of these ectoparasites.

scholarly journals The Efect of Probiotic Lactobacilli and Alginite on the Cellular Immune Response in Salmonella Infected Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
K. Hlubeňová ◽  
D. Mudroňová ◽  
R. Nemcová ◽  
S. Gancarčíková ◽  
M. Maďar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacilli ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Alginite is organic matter rich in humic substances and commonly found in nature, but despite that, the knowledge of its biological effects is limited. In our study we focused on monitoring the effects of alginite alone, as well as its effect as a carrier of probiotic lactobacilli on the cellular immune response in SPF mice after infection with Salmonella Typhimurium. Sixty six conventional SPF female mice of the Balb/c line were divided into 4 groups: 1. infection free negative control (NK) supplied neither alginite nor probiotic lactobacilli in the feed; 2. infection free alginite control (Alg) supplied feed with 10 % alginite; infected control supplied alginite in the feed but no lactobacilli; 3. infectious control (Alg + Sal) - animals infected with salmonella and supplied 10 % alginite in the feed but no lactobacilli;and 4. probiotic group (Lab + Alg + Sal) - animals infected with salmonella and administered 10 % alginite and Lactobacillus reuteri 2/6 in the feed. On day 21 of the experiments, the mice were bled and their mesenteric lymph nodes were taken after their death. The peripheral blood of the mice was analysed for the activity of phagocytes and the percentage of selected lymphocyte subpopulations was determined in the mesenteric lymph nodes and blood. The significantly highest phagocytic activity (FA) was noted in the infected group with alginite (Alg + Sal). The FA was significantly increased in groups Alg and Lab + Alg + Sal in comparison with the NK group. The highest engulfing ability of phagocytes (phagocytic index) was observed in the Lab + Alg + Sal group in comparison with other groups, but also in Alg group in comparison with NK. In the Lab + Alg + Sal group, we observed a significantly higher percentage of B-lymphocytes, CD4+CD8+ and natural killer T cells (NKT), but more significant impact on the numbers of subpopulations of lymphocytes was observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes, with the significantly highest proportions of CD4+CD8+lymphocytes and NK and NKT cells. Our results indicated immunomodulatory properties of alginite and L. reuteri 2/6 in salmonella infected mice, especially at the level of the innate immune system components. This activation of phagocytosis and NK cells can be used in the treatment of various infections.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cellular immune response provoked by experimental infection with Cryptosporidium spp. in mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Harith S.J. AL-Warid ◽  
Souhaila H. Mahmood ◽  
Ihsan M. Alsaqur
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Lymphocyte Transformation ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Water Origin ◽  
Infectivity Rate ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Immunosuppressed Mice

Experimental infection was induced in immunosupreesed and non-immunosupressed mice using inoculation of two different Cryptosporidium spp. isolates: faecal origin and river water origin; then the infectivity rate and cellular immunological status were examined in these groups of mice. The results indicated that these two isolates induced experimental infection in immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed mice with no significant differences in infectivity rate between groups. Immunosuppressed mice infected with feacal or water origin oocyst showed low and significant values of transformed lymphocytes 8.68% ± 0.65%, 9.18% ± 1.09 respectively and phagocytic index 10.1% ± 1.66 and 11.2% ± 0.19 respectively. It concludes that lymphocyte transformation and phagocytosis index are good indicators to evaluate the cellular immune response in infected experimental mice with Cryptosporidium.

scholarly journals Effect of uses of Probiotic prepared from Lactobacillus acidophilus Bacteria as immunostimulator in lambs vaccinated with Brucella melitensis Rev-1 vaccine

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Yousif A. A.
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunological Tests ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Positive Results

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of probiotic prepared from Lactobacillus acidophilus & usedas immunostimulator to improve the humeral &cellular immune response in lambs vaccinated with the Rev-1 vaccine.Lactobacillus isolated from intestinal contents of sheep after culturing on specific media &study the morphological &biochemical characteristic Lactobacillus acidophilus was selected as probiotic after definitive diagnosis and dependingon their higher adherence ability to epithelial cells of the intestine and have high tolerance to low pH and bile salts .thensensitivity test of the strain against antibiotics was done The experimental study included 15 lambs (age 5-8 months)were equally divided into three groups and treated as following.* First group was vaccinated with Rev -1 vaccine (1ml contain 2×109CFU- s/c as single dose ) and ioculated orally withprepared probiotic (2 ×109 CFU /lamb ) at one week before vaccination and continued daily to end of experiment(14weeks).*Second group was vaccinated only with Rev -1 vaccine at same way in first group. *Third group was inoculated with 1ml PBS S\c as control group. Clinical and immunological tests were conducted to all lambs at 0 times & after 2, 6, 10, 14weeks. The results of clinical tests revealed that there is increase in body temperature, respiratory &pulse rates ofvaccinated animals only but the second group show the highest parameters. The vaccinated lambs shows humeralimmune response by giving a positive results to rose Bengal test & by using Passive haemagglutination test, the firstgroup revealed high significant antibody titer (716.80±125.413) than the second group and third group (p<0.05 ) . andthe results of cellular immune response, as detected by delayed type hypersensitivity test which give a positive results invaccinated groups but the first group was significantly higher (p<0.05 )at than rates in redness area and thicknesscompared with the second group E. rosette test showed significant increase at(p<0.05 ) of activated lymphocyte infirst group ( 51.976±4.619 )compared with second (41.22±3.6865). Serum total protein concentration was increased infirst group (9.7358±0.2615) compared with other groups.

scholarly journals Analysis of the immune response of calves to various saponin-based adjuvants for an experimental Mycoplasma bovis vaccine

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dudek ◽  
Dariusz Bednarek ◽  
Roger D. Ayling ◽  
Maria Szczotka ◽  
Ewelina IWAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

Mycoplasma bovis is a primary infectious agent of many disorders in cattle including bovine respiratory disease. No commercial vaccines against M. bovis are available in Europe. The immune response of calves to three saponin-based adjuvants combined with a field Polish M. bovis strain was evaluated. Four groups of six calves each were injected subcutaneously with the M. bovis strain combined with either saponin, saponin + Emulsigen®, saponin + Emulsigen® + alphatocopherol acetate, or with phosphate-buffered saline as control group. Blood and nasal swab samples were collected up to day 84 post injection. All formulations effectively stimulated the humoral and the cellular immune response of the calves, but the course of the response depended on the adjuvant formulation. These immunological data provide additional information supporting the findings of previous M. bovis saponin and Emulsigen® vaccine challenge studies to facilitate the development of successful M. bovis vaccines.

scholarly journals BEHAVIORAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO ARSENIC AND ANTIMONY CONTAINED IN SULFIDE ORE PROCESSING WASTE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Ogudov ◽  
Natalia F. Chuenko ◽  
Maria A. Knyazheva ◽  
Lyudmila Yu. Anopchenko
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Cellular Immune

The accumulation of arsenic and antimony compounds in environmental objects as a result of the development of mineral deposits is a source of public health risk. Arsenic and antimony, when they enter the human body in excess, activate pathophysiological processes at the subcellular, cellular and organ levels, which leads to the development of multiple organ pathology. The study confirmed the effect of arsenic and antimony on emotional-behavioral responses and cellular immune responses in laboratory animals. Four experimental groups of male Wistar rats and one control group were formed. Experienced with free access to drinking water with different concentrations of arsenic and antimony (water from the hydro dump of the sulphide tailing dump in the village of Komsomolsk, Kemerovo region), the control had free access to clean drinking water. On the 7th and 70th days of the experiment, the emotional-behavioral reactions of the experimental animals were investigated in the "open field" and "raised cruciform maze" tests. The assessment of the cellular immune response was performed by the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (HRT). Arsenic and antimony in the studied concentrations have a harmful effect on the central nervous system (CNS) and the cellular immune response of experimental animals, which manifests itself in disorganization of emotional-behavioral reactions, induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.

Humoral and cellular immune response to a crude exo-antigen and purified keratinase of Microsporum canis in experimentally infected guinea pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Mignon ◽  
T. Leclipteux ◽  
CH. Focant ◽  
A. J. Nikkels ◽  
G. E. PIErard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Cellular Immune

The humoral and cellular immune response of sheep against Borna disease virus in endemic and non-endemic areas

2004 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Müller-Doblies ◽  
S. Baumann ◽  
P. Grob ◽  
A. Hülsmeier ◽  
U. Müller-Doblies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Borna Disease Virus ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Borna Disease

Does gamma knife surgery stimulate cellular immune response to metastatic brain tumors? A histopathological and immunohistochemical study

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (Special_Supplement) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
György T. Szeifert ◽  
Isabelle Salmon ◽  
Sandrine Rorive ◽  
Nicolas Massager ◽  
Daniel Devriendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Gamma Knife Surgery ◽  
Metastatic Brain Tumors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The aim of this study was to analyze the cellular immune response and histopathological changes in secondary brain tumors after gamma knife surgery (GKS). Methods. Two hundred ten patients with cerebral metastases underwent GKS. Seven patients underwent subsequent craniotomy for tumor removal between 1 and 33 months after GKS. Four of these patients had one tumor, two patients had two tumors, and one patient had three. Histological and immunohistochemical investigations were performed. In addition to routine H & E and Mallory trichrome staining, immunohistochemical reactions were conducted to characterize the phenotypic nature of the cell population contributing to the tissue immune response to neoplastic deposits after radiosurgery. Light microscopy revealed an intensive lymphocytic infiltration in the parenchyma and stroma of tumor samples obtained in patients in whom surgery was performed over 6 months after GKS. Contrary to this, extensive areas of tissue necrosis with either an absent or scanty lymphoid population were observed in the poorly controlled neoplastic specimens obtained in cases in which surgery was undertaken in patients less than 6 months after GKS. Immunohistochemical characterization demonstrated the predominance of CD3-positive T cells in the lymphoid infiltration. Conclusions. Histopathological findings of the present study are consistent with a cellular immune response of natural killer cells against metastatic brain tumors, presumably stimulated by the ionizing energy of focused radiation.

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