scholarly journals Holistic Approach to R&D Products’ Evaluation for Commercialization under Open Innovations

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Nataliya Chukhray ◽  
Oleksandra Mrykhina ◽  
Ivan Izonin
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Optical Range ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
The One

A holistic approach to R&D products’ evaluation for commercialization under open innovations is developed. The approach is tested on the example of the device of the interferometric determination of the refractive index of crystalline materials in the optical range. The proposed approach will allow setting a price that will satisfy all the parties of a transfer agreement with a higher level of accuracy and will meet market requirements. Unlike popular methods of evaluating the R&D product, a holistic approach will, on the one hand, be based on the actual costs and the break-even level of a R&D product and, on the other hand, will determine how much the consumer is receptive to a R&D product, and, then again, will show how the added value of the product will develop under the influence of market effects. It is noted that the application of a holistic approach to R&D products’ evaluation for commercialization should be supplemented by assessing the willingness of potential customers to purchase this R&D product at a specific price. It is proved that the proposed holistic approach to R&D products’ evaluation for commercialization is multifunctional. The approach can be applied to different types of economic activity, R&D products, and types of markets. The obtained prices based on the application of a holistic approach to R&D products’ evaluation for commercialization and the results of marketing research of the interferometry market testified to potential prospects of the commercialization of a R&D product of the interferometric determination of the refractive index of crystalline materials in the optical range and its long-term competitiveness. Based on the results, the key provisions of the concept of providing competitive benefits for the period of implementation of the analyzed R&D product are identified. Taking into account fundamental elements of the open innovation paradigm underpins the authors’ holistic approach.

Stochastic Models for Actuarial Use: The Equilibrium Modelling of Local Markets

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Thomson ◽  
Dmitri V. Gott
Keyword(s):  
Local Market ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Market Portfolio ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Mean Variance ◽  
Annual Time ◽  
Time Subject

AbstractIn this paper, a long-term equilibrium model of a local market is developed. Subject to minor qualifications, the model is arbitrage-free. The variables modelled are the prices of risk-free zero-coupon bonds – both index-linked and conventional – and of equities, as well as the inflation rate. The model is developed in discrete (nominally annual) time, but allowance is made for processes in continuous time subject to continuous rebalancing. It is based on a model of the market portfolio comprising all the above-mentioned asset categories. The risk-free asset is taken to be the one-year index-linked bond. It is assumed that, conditionally upon information at the beginning of a year, market participants have homogeneous expectations with regard to the forthcoming year and make their decisions in mean-variance space. For the purposes of illustration, a descriptive version of the model is developed with reference to UK data. The parameters produced by that process may be used to inform the determination of those required for the use of the model as a predictive model. Illustrative results of simulations of the model are given.

Robert E. Horton Memorial Lecture

1978 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water System ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Project Design ◽  
Drought Frequency ◽  
Upper Great Lakes ◽  
Water Project ◽  
The One

The field of hydrometeorology has always been a difficult one to define. For the present purposes, the term will be used to include those fields in which meteorologists and water specialists must interact closely to solve problems. Traditionally, these interactions have been on topics such as flood forecasting and determination of storm, flood, and drought frequency for water project design. Some of the most important needs of water managers for meteorological information and advice are emphasized here. Internationally, a growing recognition of the importance of hydrometeorology is attested to by the work programs of the World Meteorological Organization and of the U.N. Water Conference of March 1977. Although flood and drought topics remain important in hydrometeorology, there are two subjects whose significance has gained recognition in recent years. One is the need for much greater collaboration on long-term climatic change between meteorologists and climatologists, on the one hand, and water scientists working in hydrology, glaciology, and lake sediments, on the other. Water planners are increasingly anxious to incorporate better estimates and predictions of longer-term climatic probabilities in project design. The second subject of increasing concern is the transport of contaminants and nutrients to water systems through the atmosphere. In some basins, such as the Upper Great Lakes, atmospheric sources of some contaminants and nutrients dominate the chemical budgets of the water system. Meteorological knowledge of cycling and transport of such substances will be an essential key to future water quality management programs.

Laser Deflection Measurements for the Determination of Temperature and Charge Carrier Distributions in 4H-SiC Power Diodes

2009 ◽  
Vol 615-617 ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea Werber ◽  
Gerhard Wachutka
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Charge Carrier ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Spatial Modulation ◽  
Carrier Injection ◽  
The Real ◽  
Power Diodes ◽  
The One ◽  
Real Refractive Index

A change of the electron and hole densities n and p and of the lattice temperature T modulates the real optical refractive index nopt of the device under test. In the forward conducting state the electron and hole distributions n(x) and p(x) in the i-region of the device are generated by the action of carrier injection from the n- and p-emitters. The device is locally heated by Joule and recombination heat, leading to a temperature distribution T(x). The gradients of temperature and charge carrier densities cause a spatial modulation of the real refractive index nopt(x). A laser beam transmitted orthogonally to the direction of current flow of the device is deflected by the gradient of nopt(x). Concurrent deflections caused simultaneously by the carrier gradients on the one side and by the temperature gradient on the other side can be discriminated by their different time constants.

Determination of Copolymer Composition by Combustion Analysis for Carbon and Hydrogen

1960 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1132-1141
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Wood ◽  
Irving Madorsky ◽  
Rolf A. Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Copolymer Composition ◽  
Combustion Analysis ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Styrene Content ◽  
The One ◽  
Relative Measurements

Abstract The procedure described attains its accuracy and precision by the refinement and improvement of conventional simple operations over a periods of years. The trend in analysis recently is, of course, toward the use of rapid physical methods. In a great many instances these involve relative measurements requiring the initial establishment of reference materials with compositions determined by methods such as the one here described, which bases the numbers derived solely on readings of an analytical balance. In fact, as already mentioned, one of the principal applications of the present method has been in the establishment of the relation between refractive index and styrene content for SBR polymers so that refractive index measurements can be used in routine determinations of bound styrene content.

scholarly journals Determination of Birefringence of Uniaxial Crystals: The Use of Conoscopy for Quantitative Measurements

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
Mohan Srinivasarao
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
The One

Often times one is asked the question "how can the optical microscope be used to make quantitative measurements?" The microscope certainly lets one observe the sample {whatever the sample may be) and make qualitative statements about what is it one is looking at. It has been used for various purposes from just visual observation in brightfield, reflection and the one that is near and dear to my heart, observations under crossed polarizers. This certainly allows one to identify materials as being isotropic or anisotropic. If one works on materials like liquid crystals, an optical microscope is a tool that is used all the time. It certainly allows for identification of various phases of liquid crystals based on the defects and textures that can be observed. All of this is somewhat qualitative in nature. By that I mean that the observations do not lend themselves to obtain, say for example, refractive index or birefringence of the material. I would like to describe a technique that will allow one to do just that.

scholarly journals Targeted Management of Labor Productivity for Sustainable Development of Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Marina Simonova ◽  
Vladlena Grikhno ◽  
Natalya Nikolashina
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Development Methodology ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
Scientific Substantiation

Study purpose: scientific substantiation of an innovative approach to economic concepts related to productivity and determination of the location of labor productivity in the product value added chain to ensure sustainable development. Methodology: the development of a model for creating added value with the allocation of a stage in it at which human labor is used, allowed the author to determine the possibility of setting goals for the short, medium and long term for various stages of production. The article substantiates the need to divide the principles of calculating labor productivity by stages of added value creation, highlighting the stage of creating innovations. As a result of the decomposition of the goals of the production system, the author comes to the conclusion that there is a need for more accurate positioning of labor productivity in the value-added chain and the transition from setting the goal of increasing labor productivity to solving a problem that ensures an increase in the efficiency and stability of the entire economic system. As a result of the research, a model for coordinating the growth of labor productivity and investment directions to achieve high rates of productivity and stability of the economic system has been drawn up.

scholarly journals SUCCESS FACTORS FOR POST-DISASTER PERMANENT HOUSING: EXAMPLE OF TURKISH EARTHQUAKES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
Fatma KÜRÜM VAROLGÜNEŞ
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Permanent Housing ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Research ◽  
Resettlement Programs

Investigating the social, economic and physical characteristics of settlements created after the disaster will raise awareness about reconstruction. In this study, firstly, a literature review was conducted in order to determine long-term satisfaction indicators for permanent housing use in resettlement areas. The data obtained are reduced and grouped with hierarchy and affinity diagrams. Qualitative data obtained from the literature were analyzed on nine settlements previously exposed to earthquakes in Turkey by model pairing and content analysis techniques. With this research, determining the indicators that affect long-term satisfaction (such as 50 years) will contribute to new research. As a result, it has been determined that the identity, lifestyle and employment opportunities of the victims are not taken into account in housing construction in Turkey in post-earthquake reconstruction. It was observed that most of the disaster housings built in the 50 years between 1970 and 2020 in Turkey do not carry the traces of the local texture. When the results of the study are examined, the importance of an approach that integrates environmental functions and socio-economic structure is seen in the creation of new residential areas. This holistic approach will ensure that community-based indicators are also included in the production of permanent housing. This study offers an important contribution in terms of determination of indicators influencing long-term satisfaction in resettlement programs by drawing attention to physical, social, cultural and economic factors in terms of permanent housings built after earthquakes in Turkey.

scholarly journals Recall vs. Recognition: How the Strength of Sponsor Awareness Influences the Perceived Brand Personality

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Andreas Runkel ◽  
Holger Preuß
Keyword(s):  
Brand Image ◽  
Brand Personality ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Brand Associations ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
The One

Aim: The aim of this paper is to investigate whether remembering a sponsor actively (recall) or passively (recognition) has an influence on the perceived brand image. Because brand personality is a psychological and multi-dimensional construct, it is worthwhile to investigate the influence of information retrieval from the long-term memory. Study design:  The study contains two independent samples. On the one hand spectators were interviewed at different sports events that were sponsored by the same brand (field sample). Additionally, a representative sample of the population was drawn and questioned about the same brand outside the environment of sports events (online sample). Place and Duration of Study: Both samples were collected in the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany within a period of four months. Methodology: In total, 2761 questionnaires from spectators and 1000 questionnaires from representative online sample of the population in the same region were collected. Regression analyses were conducted to compare the influence of sponsor awareness on brand image with other drivers of image transfer found in literature. Results: Both tests (recall and recognition) show a significant influence on brand image, but they defer in the extent and the addressed dimensions of brand personality. Logistic regressions show that a low sponsor awareness is sufficient to strengthen some general positive brand associations, whereas it requires a higher sponsor awareness to raise intended associations successfully. Conclusion: The strength of sponsor awareness should be considered when selecting the test procedure (recall or recognition test) for measuring image outcomes – both in marketing research and sponsorship controlling. Depending on the type of objectives the sponsor wants to achieve, this can be crucial for a sponsor in strategic management.

scholarly journals On Construction of a Long-Term Moon’s Theory

1999 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 415-416
Author(s):  
T.V. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Theory ◽  
Planetary Theory ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Planetary Orbits ◽  
Small Parameters ◽  
The One ◽  
General Planetary Theory ◽  
Laplace Type

An analytical long-term theory of the motion of the Moon is constructed within the framework of the general planetary theory (Brumberg, 1995). A method, different from the one of (Ivanova, 1997) designated below as (*), for the determination of the perturbations depending on the eccentricities and inclinations of lunar and planetary orbits is used which allows to obtain the solution of the problem in the purely trigonometric form up to any order with respect to the small parameters.The aim of this paper is to construct the long-term Lunar theory in the form consistent with the general planetary theory (Brumberg, 1995). For this purpose the Moon is considered as an additional planet in the field of eight major planets (Pluto being excluded). In the result the coordinates of the Moon may be represented by means of the power series in the evolutionary eccentric and oblique variables with trigonometric coefficients in mean longitudes of the Moon and the planets. The long-period perturbations are determined by solving a secular system in Laplace-type variables describing the secular motions of the lunar perigee and node and taking into account the secular planetary inequalities.

scholarly journals SUCCESS FACTORS FOR POST-DISASTER PERMANENT HOUSING: EXAMPLE OF TURKISH EARTHQUAKES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
Fatma KÜRÜM VAROLGÜNEŞ
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Permanent Housing ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Research ◽  
Resettlement Programs

Investigating the social, economic and physical characteristics of settlements created after the disaster will raise awareness about reconstruction. In this study, firstly, a literature review was conducted in order to determine long-term satisfaction indicators for permanent housing use in resettlement areas. The data obtained are reduced and grouped with hierarchy and affinity diagrams. Qualitative data obtained from the literature were analyzed on nine settlements previously exposed to earthquakes in Turkey by model pairing and content analysis techniques. With this research, determining the indicators that affect long-term satisfaction (such as 50 years) will contribute to new research. As a result, it has been determined that the identity, lifestyle and employment opportunities of the victims are not taken into account in housing construction in Turkey in post-earthquake reconstruction. It was observed that most of the disaster housings built in the 50 years between 1970 and 2020 in Turkey do not carry the traces of the local texture. When the results of the study are examined, the importance of an approach that integrates environmental functions and socio-economic structure is seen in the creation of new residential areas. This holistic approach will ensure that community-based indicators are also included in the production of permanent housing. This study offers an important contribution in terms of determination of indicators influencing long-term satisfaction in resettlement programs by drawing attention to physical, social, cultural and economic factors in terms of permanent housings built after earthquakes in Turkey.

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