scholarly journals Measuring the Microscopic Structures of Human Dental Enamel Can Predict Caries Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariana M. Kelly ◽  
Anna Kallistova ◽  
Erika C. Küchler ◽  
Helena F. Romanos ◽  
Andrea Lips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Enamel Formation ◽  
Enamel Structure ◽  
R Value

Objectives: The hierarchical structure of enamel gives insight on the properties of enamel and can influence its strength and ultimately caries experience. Currently, past caries experience is quantified using the decayed, missing, filled teeth/decayed, missing, filled surface (DMFT/DMFS for permanent teeth; dmft/dmfs for primary teeth), or international caries detection and assessment system (ICDAS) scores. By analyzing the structure of enamel, a new measurement can be utilized clinically to predict susceptibility to future caries experience based on a patient’s individual’s biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that number of prisms by square millimeter in enamel and average gap distance between prisms and interprismatic areas, influence caries experience through genetic variation of the genes involved in enamel formation. Materials and Methods: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of enamel from primary teeth were used to measure (i) number of prisms by square millimeter and interprismatic spaces, (ii) prism density, and (iii) gap distances between prisms in the enamel samples. The measurements were tested to explore a genetic association with variants of selected genes and correlations with caries experience based on the individual’s DMFT+ dmft score and enamel microhardness at baseline, after an artificial lesion was created and after the artificial lesion was treated with fluoride. Results: Associations were found between variants of genes including ameloblastin, amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin, tuftelin interactive protein 11, beta defensin 1, matrix metallopeptidase 20 and enamel structure variables measured (number of prisms by square millimeter in enamel and average gap distance between prisms and interprismatic areas). Significant correlations were found between caries experience and microhardness and enamel structure. Negative correlations were found between number of prisms by square millimeter and high caries experience (r value= −0.71), gap distance between prisms and the enamel microhardness after an artificial lesion was created (r value= −0.70), and gap distance between prisms and the enamel microhardness after an artificial lesion was created and then treated with fluoride (r value= −0.81). There was a positive correlation between number of prisms by square millimeter and prism density of the enamel (r value = 0.82). Conclusions: Our data support that genetic variation may impact enamel formation, and therefore influence susceptibility to dental caries and future caries experience. Clinical Relevance: The evaluation of enamel structure that may impact caries experience allows for hypothesizing that the identification of individuals at higher risk for dental caries and implementation of personalized preventative treatments may one day become a reality.

scholarly journals Measuring the Microscopic Structures of Human Dental Enamel Can Predict Caries Experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariana M. Kelly ◽  
Anna Kaliskova ◽  
Erika C. Küchler ◽  
Helena F. Romanos ◽  
Andrea Lips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Enamel Formation ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Enamel Structure ◽  
R Value

Objectives: The hierarchical structure of enamel gives insight on the properties of enamel and can influence its strength and ultimately caries experience. Presently, past caries experience is quantified using the decayed, missing, filled teeth/decayed, missing, filled surface (DMFT/DMFS for permanent teeth; dmft/dmfs for primary teeth) or international caries detection and assessment system (ICDAS) scores. By analyzing the structure of enamel, a new measurement can be utilized clinically to predict susceptibility to future caries experience based on a patient’s individual’s biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that number of prisms by square millimeter in enamel and average gap distance between prisms and interprismatic areas, influence caries experience through genetic variation of the genes involved in enamel formation. Materials and Methods: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of enamel from primary teeth were used to measure number of prisms by square millimeter and interprismatic spaces, prism density and gap distances between prisms in the enamel samples. The measurements were tested to explore a genetic association with variants of selected genes and correlations with caries experience based on the individual’s DMFT+ dmft score and enamel microhardness at baseline, after an artificial lesion was created and after the artificial lesion was treated with fluoride. Results: Associations were found between variants of genes including ameloblastin, amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin, tuftelin interactive protein 11, beta defensin 1, matrix metallopeptidase 20 and enamel structure variables measured. Significant correlations were found between caries experience and microhardness and enamel structure. Negative correlations were found between number of prisms by square millimeter and high caries experience (r value= -0.71), gap distance between prisms and the enamel microhardness after an artificial lesion was created (r value= -0.70), and gap distance between prisms and the enamel microhardness after an artificial lesion was created and then treated with fluoride (r value= -0.81). There was a positive correlation between number of prisms by square millimeter and prism density of the enamel (r value= 0.82). Conclusions: our data support that genetic variation may impact enamel formation, and therefore influence susceptibility to dental decay and future caries experience. Clinical Relevance: The evaluation of enamel structure that may impact caries experience allows for hypothesizing that the identification of individuals at higher risk for dental caries and implementation of personalized preventative treatments may one day become a reality.

scholarly journals Dental caries among Finnish teenagers participating in physical activity and diet intervention: association with anthropometrics and behavioural factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirja Methuen ◽  
Sofia Kauppinen ◽  
Anna Liisa Suominen ◽  
Aino-Maija Eloranta ◽  
Juuso Väistö ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Behavioural Factors

Abstract Background An association between childhood anthropometric measurements and dental caries is conflicting. The prevalence and severity of dental caries and its association with anthropometric and behavioural factors, were investigated among Finnish teenagers. Methods The study sample comprised 202 15–17-year-old participants in the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) Study. Dental caries findings were recorded using International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria, including activity estimation; numbers of decayed teeth (DT) and decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) were recorded. Body weight, height and waist circumference were measured and respective body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Body fat percentage was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Health-related behaviours and consumption of food and drinks were assessed using questionnaires, and intake of nutrients using a 4-day food record. Results Mean DMFT for all the participants was 2.4 (SD = 2.9), DT 0.6 (SD = 1.3), and 36% had DMFT = 0. No difference between genders was observed. In bivariate analyses, use of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) three times or less per week and not having used snuff associated significantly, whereas higher carbohydrate intake (E%), toothbrushing less often than twice a day and higher caries experience at baseline almost significantly with DT > 0. In adjusted regression analyses, frequent use of SSB and higher carbohydrate intake increased the odds for DT > 0. Additionally, higher carbohydrate intake (E%) and infrequent tooth brushing significantly associated with a higher number of DT. Conclusion Caries prevalence is still low and similar in Finnish teenage girls and boys. Behavioural factors are, but anthropometric factors are not associated with dental caries.

scholarly journals Excessive Weight Gain and Dental Caries Experience among Children Affected by ADHD

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5870
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Paszynska ◽  
Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz ◽  
Aleksandra Perczak ◽  
Maria Gawriolek ◽  
Tomasz Hanć ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Adhd Children

In recent years, attention has been paid to the co-occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity, but results in relation to dental caries outcomes differ. The study was conducted to determine obesity/overweight and dental caries in children suffering from ADHD and to draw comparisons with non-ADHD children. A total of 119 children under 11 years old (8.2 ± 1.2) were enrolled into a cross-sectional study: those with confirmed ADHD (n = 39), and healthy controls (n = 80). The behavioral evaluation included a parent interview directed at sweetened food/drink habits. The clinical evaluation included physical measurements (height, waist, hip circumference, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and dental examination (International Caries Detection and Assessment System—ICDAS). Results showed a higher prevalence of abnormal body weight, hip circumference, and BMI, and a higher frequency of caries (84.6%) in the ADHD group. Significant caries differences for primary (ICDAS 0, 1, 2, 5, 6 scores) and permanent teeth (ICDAS 1, 3 scores) were recorded. The questionnaire pinpointed interplays between sugar consumption and tooth decay, especially for primary dentition. It can be concluded that the consumption of sweetened foods/drinks among ADHD children may lead to an increased rate of overweight, but may also affect oral health. Limiting sugar consumption might be one of the important elements in prevention programmes against dental caries and overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals Effect of Primary Molar Caries on Caries Development in the Adjacent Permanent First Molars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jafari ◽  
Saideh Aslani ◽  
Mahboobeh Zangooei ◽  
Hossein Hessari ◽  
Ahmad Reza Shamshiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Primary Molar ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Dental Instruments

Objectives: Dental caries is among the most common chronic diseases of the childhood. This study sought to assess the effect of caries experience in primary molars on caries development in the adjacent permanent first molars. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 413 students aged 7 and 8 years. Clinical dental examination was performed by two independent examiners using disposable dental instruments and a head light. Dental caries was evaluated using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) for all four permanent first molars and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index for the primary molars. Data were analyzed using the Pearson’s Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: When primary first molars were sound, 22.9% of the permanent first molars of the same quadrant were sound. When primary second molars were sound, 25.7% of the adjacent permanent first molars were sound. A carious primary second molar had a stronger correlation with development of dentin caries in the adjacent permanent first molar than a carious primary first molar (P<0.001). Conclusion: The current results confirmed that carious primary molars can significantly affect caries development in the adjacent permanent first molars, and a carious primary second molar has a significantly greater effect than a carious primary first molar in this respect. Thus, special attention should be paid to oral hygiene and proper tooth brushing of primary molars, particularly second molars.

scholarly journals The Role of Training for Dental Students in Scoring Caries

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zurainie Abllah
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Baseline Training ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Dental Mirror

Introduction: Training of dental students is an essential part of the teaching- learning activities in order to obtain reliable results in scoring of dental caries. The objectives of this study are to examine consistency in scoring of caries over a 3-month period following baseline training, calibration and retraining. Methods: Three examiners (dental students) received baseline training/calibration by a "gold standard" examiner (lecturer). This was followed by a re-calibration and retraining 3 months later. A set of 20 extracted teeth was used for the baseline training and for the re-calibration purposes. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) was used to classify the visual caries lesion severity (0-6 scale) of surface of permanent teeth. The examination utilized a clinical light, dental mirror, dental probe and air syringe. Kappa (unweighted: Kappa) statistics were used to determine inter-examiner reliability at baseline and re-calibration. Results: For caries score criteria, the baseline calibration on 20 specimens indicated an inter-rater kappa ranging from 0.37-0.69. Re-calibration on the same 20 specimens 3 months later indicated an inter-rater kappa of 0.79-0.89. Activity kappa was in the poor to good range. All examiners improved with time. Conclusions: Training contributes to the consistency and reliability of dental caries scoring among dental students.

Sweet Taste Perception and Dental Caries in 13- to 15-Year-Olds: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ashi ◽  
C. Lara-Capi ◽  
G. Campus ◽  
G. Klingberg ◽  
P. Lingström
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Initial Caries ◽  
Significant Difference

Dietary habits and, in particular, the intake frequency of sucrose are of major importance for the development of dental caries. The perception of sweet taste is believed to have an influence on sucrose intake and therefore affects the predisposition to dental caries. The aim was to study the caries experience and sweet taste perception and to further analyze the possible relationship between the 2 tested variables in 13- to 15-year-old children from 3 different geographical areas. A cross-sectional survey comprising 669 children (220 Italian, 224 Mexican, and 225 Saudi Arabian) was conducted. The children were examined in their school setting. A sweet taste perception level was determined by the sweet taste threshold (TT) and sweet taste preference (TP). The sweet test was performed with sucrose solutions varying in concentration from 1.63 to 821.52 g/L. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and DMFS indices were used to diagnose caries. The highest mean value for TT was found for Italian children followed by Saudi and Mexican. Saudi schoolchildren showed the highest mean values for TP and DMFS, followed by Italian and Mexican. A statistically significant difference for TP, TT, DMFS, and initial caries was found between the 3 countries. A weak yet positive correlation was found between taste perception (TT and TP) versus DMFS and manifest caries in all 3 countries (r = 0.137-0.313). The findings of the present study showed a variation in sweet taste perception between the 3 countries, which may influence the caries outcome of the children in the individual countries.

scholarly journals Biomarkers for Lifetime Caries-Free Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Ariana M. Kelly ◽  
Mariana Bezamat ◽  
Adriana Modesto ◽  
Alexandre R. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Mandibular Molars ◽  
Matrix Metallopeptidase ◽  
Free Status

The purpose of this study was to address the hypothesis that extreme outcomes of dental caries, such as edentulism or prematurely losing permanent teeth are associated with genetic variation in enamel-formation genes. After scanning 6206 individuals, samples of 330 were selected for this study. Tested phenotypes included patients who were edentulous by age 30, patients with missing first molars by age 30, patients with missing second molars by age 30, and caries-free patients. Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by TaqMan chemistry. The analyses of each phenotype were performed using the software PLINK with an alpha of 0.05. Nominal associations were found between rs12640848 in enamelin (p = 0.05), rs1784418 in matrix metallopeptidase 20 (p = 0.02), and rs5997096 in the tuftelin interacting protein 11 and being caries-free at the age of 60. When combining patients that were missing both first mandibular molars and missing both second mandibular molars, no associations were found. Matrix metallopeptidase 20, and tuftelin interacting protein 11 also showed trends for association with being caries-free. Genetic variation in TFIP11, MMP20, and ENAM may have a protective effect increasing the chances of individuals preserving their teeth caries-free over a lifetime.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Dental Caries Among Costa Rican Male Students Aged 12-22 Years Using ICDAS-II

2021 ◽  
pp. 378-392
Author(s):  
Sylvia Gudiño-Fernández ◽  
Adrián Gómez-Fernández ◽  
Katherine Molina-Chaves ◽  
Juan Barahona-Cubillo ◽  
Romain Fantin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Young People ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Dental Decay ◽  
Icdas Ii ◽  
Decayed Tooth

Objective: Dental decay is a public health challenge in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, particularly for young people, often confronted to healthcare access barriers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries among young male students in Costa Rica. Study design: A cross-sectional study was performed in 428 Costa Rican male students aged 12-22 years, who attended a nonprofit social welfare boarding school in 2019. A clinical examination was ran by three calibrated examiners following the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II). Results: Caries prevalence was estimated at 83%, 15% have lost a tooth due to dental decay, 61% have at least one filled tooth, 36% have at least one filled and decayed tooth. The most frequent caries lesions were codes 2-Inactive (46.7%), and code 1-Inactive (23.8%). DMFT indicated a mean index using ICDAS-II 1-6>0 codes of 7.89. Using ICDAS-II 3-6>0 as threshold, the index decreases to 3.94. Finally, the lower and upper first permanent molars were found to be the most affected teeth. Conclusions: Dental caries experience represents a significant public health burden in young people, requiring better access to public dental healthcare.

scholarly journals Detection of Occlusal Carious Lesion using the SoproLife® Camera: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 774-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Doméjean ◽  
Julie Rongier ◽  
Michèle Muller-Bolla
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Carious Lesion ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Icdas Ii

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this systematic review was to assess the in vivo scientific evidence regarding the ability of a recently developed light fluorescence device, SoproLife® (Sopro-Acteon group, La Ciotat, France) in detecting occlusal carious lesions. The PubMed database was searched for in vivo trials that evaluated the validity of the SoproLife® camera for the detection of occlusal carious lesions. Among the 11 articles originally identified with the keyword “Soprolife,” only three articles were included. The three included surveys used the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS)-II criteria as gold standard for the assessment of SoproLife® compared or not to other detection devices (DIAGNOdent® and Spectra Caries Detection Aid®). Two of the included studies reported only on permanent teeth or both primary and permanent teeth. The SoproLife® validity values varied markedly among studies with a sensitivity ranging between 0.43 and 0.95 and a specificity between 0.55 and 1. Interobserver reproducibility with the SoproLife® was reported in two of the three studies (0.98 and 0.72) and none of the studies reported about intraobserver reproducibility. No clear-cut conclusion can be made based on the three included clinical studies; further in vivo investigations are needed to confirm the validity of the SoproLife® camera in terms of detection of occlusal carious lesions. How to cite this article Doméjean S, Rongier J, Muller-Bolla M. Detection of Occlusal Carious Lesion using the SoproLife® Camera: A Systematic Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(9):774-779.

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