scholarly journals Retinal Vascular Signs as Screening and Prognostic Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Current Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Michael Aronov ◽  
Raviv Allon ◽  
Danielle Stave ◽  
Michael Belkin ◽  
Eyal Margalit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Retinal Microvasculature ◽  
Retinal Microvascular Signs

Background: The substantial burden of kidney disease fosters interest in new ways of screening for early disease diagnosis, especially by non-invasive imaging. Increasing evidence for an association between retinal microvascular signs and kidney disease prompted us to investigate the relevant current literature on such an association systematically by performing a meta-analysis of our findings. Methods: We scrutinized the current literature by searching PubMed and Embase databases from for clinical studies of the association between retinal microvascular signs and prevalent or incident kidney disease. After excluding cases that did not meet our criteria, we extracted relevant data from 42 published studies (9 prospective, 32 cross-sectional, and 1 retrospective). Results: Our investigation yielded significant associations between retinal vascular changes (including retinopathy and retinal vascular diameter) and kidney dysfunction (including chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), albuminuria, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline). According to our meta-analysis, retinopathy was associated with ESRD (hazard ratio (HR) 2.12 (95% confidence interval CI; 1.39–3.22)) and with CKD prevalence in the general population (odds ratio (OR) 1.31 (95% CI; 1.14–1.50)), and specifically in type 2 diabetic patients (OR 1.68 (95% CI; 1.68–2.16)). CRAE was associated with prevalent CKD (OR 1.41 (95% CI; 1.09–1.82)). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the retinal microvasculature can provide essential data about concurrent kidney disease status and predict future risk for kidney disease development and progression.

scholarly journals Guidelines adherence in the prevention and management of chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes mellitus on the background of recent European recommendations – a registry-based analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bramlage ◽  
Stefanie Lanzinger ◽  
Sascha R. Tittel ◽  
Eva Hess ◽  
Simon Fahrner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology

Abstract Background Recent European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) guidelines provide recommendations for detecting and treating chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetic patients. We compared clinical practice with guidelines to determine areas for improvement. Methods German database analysis of 675,628 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, with 134,395 included in this analysis. Data were compared with ESC/EASD recommendations. Results This analysis included 17,649 and 116,747 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. The analysis showed that 44.1 and 49.1 % patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively, were annually screened for CKD. Despite anti-diabetic treatment, only 27.2 % patients with type 1 and 43.5 % patients with type 2 achieved a target HbA1c of < 7.0 %. Use of sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors (1.5 % type 1/8.7 % type 2 diabetes) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (0.6 % type 1/5.2 % type 2 diabetes) was limited. Hypertension was controlled according to guidelines in 41.1 and 67.7 % patients aged 18–65 years with type 1 and 2 diabetes, respectively, (62.4 vs. 68.4 % in patients > 65 years). Renin angiotensin aldosterone inhibitors were used in 24.0 and 40.9 % patients with type 1 diabetes (micro- vs. macroalbuminuria) and 39.9 and 47.7 %, respectively, in type 2 diabetes. Conclusions Data indicate there is room for improvement in caring for diabetic patients with respect to renal disease diagnosis and treatment. While specific and potentially clinically justified reasons for non-compliance exist, the data may serve well for a critical appraisal of clinical practice decisions.

scholarly journals Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Visit-to-Visit HbA1c Variability Predict Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Preserved Kidney Function

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Takenouchi ◽  
Ayaka Tsuboi ◽  
Miki Kurata ◽  
Keisuke Fukuo ◽  
Tsutomu Kazumi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Background/Aims. Subclinical atherosclerosis and long-term glycemic variability have been reported to predict incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population. However, these associations have not been investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes with preserved kidney function.Methods. We prospectively followed up 162 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age, 62.3 years; 53.6% men) and assessed whether carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) measured by B-mode ultrasound and visit-to-visit HbA1c variability are associated with deterioration of CKD (incident CKD defined as estimated GFR [eGFR] < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2and progression of CKD stages) over a median follow-up of 6.0 years. At baseline, 25 patients (15.4%) had CKD. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for identifying associated factors of CKD deterioration.Results.Estimated GFR decreased from75.8±16.3to67.4±18.2 mL/min/1.73 m2(p<0.01). Of 162 patients, 32 developed CKD and 8 made a progression of CKD stages. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that carotid IMT (HR: 4.0, 95% CI: 1.1–14.226.7, andp=0.03) and coefficient of variation of HbA1c (HR: 1.12, 95%: 1.04–1.21, andp=0.003) were predictors of deterioration of CKD independently of age, mean HbA1c, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, baseline eGFR, uric acid, and leucocyte count.Conclusions.Subclinical atherosclerosis and long-term glycemic variability predict deterioration of chronic kidney disease (as defined by incident or worsening CKD) in type 2 diabetic patients with preserved kidney function.

P1011ATHE SGTL-2 INHIBITORS DECREASE THE MORTALITY AND PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTES. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF THE LITERATURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Cabrera ◽  
Ruben Torres ◽  
Leticia Elgueta ◽  
Erico Segovia ◽  
Maria Eugenia Sanhueza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Renal Outcome ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Renal Outcomes ◽  
The Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Background and Aims Diabetic nephropathy is one of the main causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the world. In the past years new studies using SGLT-2 inhibitors in diabetic patients have shown benefit in both mortality and progression of CKD. However, these works show heterogeneity between studies regarding the severity of CKD of patients included. All above complicates the interpretation of the benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors. Method We did a systematic search of the literature in PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL trials database and in references of the selected studies. Terms used for the search were Canaglifozin, Dapaglifozin, Ertuglifozin, Empaglifozin, diabetes, mortality and CKD. Search included studies in all languages. We selected only randomized and controlled studies that reported mortality and relevant renal outcomes (doubling serum creatinine or decrease in eGFR&gt; 40%, need for renal replacement or renal death). We included studies until September 30, 2019. For the meta-analysis, a Mantel-Haenszel model of random effects was used. The software Review Manager, Version 5.3 The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014 was used. Results We obtained results from 142 studies, fifteen studies met the selected criteria, but only four reported mortality and renal outcomes (EMPA-REG, CANVAS, CREDENCE AND DECLARE-TIMI 58). A total of 38,721 patients (SGTL2 inhibitors n = 21,264 and control n = 17,457) were included for the analysis. The EMPA-REG study used Empaglifozin, the CANVAS and CREDENCE studies used Canaglifozin and the DECLARE-TIMI 58 used Dapaglifozin. All studies were funded by pharmaceutical laboratories.The average age range of the studies was between 62 to 67 years. The percentage of patients with eGFR &lt;60ml/min were 26%, 20%, 60% and 7% for the EMPA-REG, CANVAS, CREDENCE and DECLARE-TIMI 58 studies respectively.Mortality was lower in patients who used SGTL2 inhibitors OR 0.86 (CI 0.80-0.94) Figure 1. Renal outcomes were also lower in patients who used SGTL-2 inhibitors OR 0.69 (CI 0.60-0.78) Figure 2. We assessed whether the effect was related to the severity of the CKD taking out the work with patients with more severe CKD (CREDENCE study), the effect on mortality did not change OR 0.87 (CI 0.80-0.95) as well as renal outcome OR 0.66 (CI 0.52- 0.83). Conclusion The SGTL-2 inhibitors decrease mortality and improve renal outcomes in patients with diabetic nephropathy. These benefits remain in patients with less severe CKD.

scholarly journals The Effect of Renal Dysfunction on Circulating Sclerostin Level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se Hwa Kim ◽  
Soo Young Yoon ◽  
Sung-Kil Lim ◽  
Yumie Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sclerostin Level

Objective. Sclerostin is a Wnt inhibitor produced specifically by osteocytes. However, it is not currently clear whether renal dysfunction has an effect on circulating sclerostin level in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study was to evaluate this relationship. Design and Patients. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of 302 type 2 diabetic patients with or without chronic kidney disease. Serum sclerostin level was analyzed by ELISA, and renal function was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Results. There was a strong correlation between sclerostin level with renal function presented as serum creatinine (r=0.745, P<0.001) and eGFR (r=-0.590, P<0.001). Serum sclerostin level was significantly higher in patients with CKD-G3 stage than those with CKD-G1/2 stages after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI (P=0.011). Patients with CKD-G4/5 stages had dramatically increased level of circulating sclerostin. Multiple regression analyses found that age, sex, and eGFR were independent determining factors for circulating sclerostin level. Conclusion. Our data showed that serum sclerostin levels start to increase in diabetic patients with CKD-G3 stage. Further studies are needed to establish the potential role of elevated sclerostin in diabetic patients with CKD.

scholarly journals Metformin: od mehanizmov delovanja do napredne klinične uporabe

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag Janić ◽  
Špela Volčanšek ◽  
Mojca Lunder ◽  
Andrej Janež
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Insulin Resistant

Metformin represents the first line of treatment and is the most widely prescribed antihypergycemic drug in type 2 diabetic patients. It can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other oral antihyperglycemic drugs or insulin. Additionally, it is also prescribed in type 1 diabetic patients, it proved to be effective in prediabetes and also provided beneficial effects in other insulin resistant states, for example in polycystic ovary syndrome. Nevertheless, the exact molecular mechanism of its action remains unknown. It was shown that it inhibits liver gluconeogenesis, facilitates glucose uptake into peripheral tissues, such as striated muscle; it also acts in the gut. Besides antihyperglycemic effects, metformin was also shown to possess several beneficial, protective effects, so-called pleiotropic effects: particularly on the cardiovascular system and in cancer patients. Metformin has only few side effects, the most serious being metformin-associated lactic acidosis. The latter appears in rare clinical cases with pre-existing chronic kidney disease or advanced heart failure with tissue hypoperfusion, which consequently represent relative contraindications for metformin use. In the past, metformin treatment was usually discontinued when performing iodine contrast imaging, however recently there is evidence of its safety even in patients with higher stages of chronic kidney disease. All in all, metformin is a drug with a long tradition and a promising future.

scholarly journals MO235EFFECT OF OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON GLYSEMIC CONTROL AND RENAL FUNCTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Usta ◽  
Alpaslan Ersoy ◽  
Canan Ersoy ◽  
Yavuz Ayar ◽  
Gultekin Goksel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Background and Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation on glycemic control and renal function in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease. Method Twenty-five diabetic patients received medication containing 2 g/day n-3 PUFA orally in addition to standard treatments. Their estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) were &lt;80 mL/min/1.73 m2. Biochemical values were evaluated before and 3 months after treatment. Results After three months of supplementation, the changes in serum creatinine, uric acid, eGFR and urinary albumin excretion levels did not reach statistical significance. There was no difference between serum glucose, HbA1C and lipid profile values before and after the n-3 PUFA supplementation in patients. Only serum albumin significantly increased from 4.10±0.26 to 4.28±0.31 g/dL (p=0.016), and systolic blood pressure decreased from 121.4±14.5 to 116.6±14.9 mmHg (p=0.001). Conclusion Short-term n-3 PUFA supplementation did not affect renal function and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes with chronic kidney disease.

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