scholarly journals The Dual-Channel Retailer’s Channel Synergy Strategy Decision

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 3184-3201
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Bei Xia ◽  
Victor Shi
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Optimal Price ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Customer Acceptance ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Online Channel

The main research question asked in this paper is whether and when a dual-channel retailer (retailer in short) should adopt the “buy online and pick up in store” (BOPS) strategy. To answer this question, we first derive the optimal price decision using the non-BOPS and BOPS strategies. Subsequently, we compare the performance of retailers under non-BOPS and BOPS scenarios. Our main findings are that under the monopoly scenario, retailers may not always benefit from the BOPS strategy. Retailers will benefit only if the offline operational costs are low and the degree of customer acceptance of the online channel is high. However, the BOPS strategy cannot improve dual-channel retailers’ market share. Furthermore, under a Stackelberg game scenario with e-retailers as leaders, when the value of a product is medium and the transaction costs of the offline channel are high, retailers can use the BOPS strategy to enhance their market share. If the degree of customer acceptance of the online channel is also high, retailers can further improve their profits by using the BOPS strategy. Overall, these findings not only provide decision support for retailers, but also enrich the theories on dual-channel retailing in operations management.

scholarly journals The Road Towards Lean Six Sigma: Sustainable Success Factors in Service Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fotis Vouzas ◽  
Alexandros Psychogios ◽  
Loukas Tsironis
Keyword(s):  
Operations Management ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Lean Six Sigma ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Road

Abstract It has been widely investigated that the application of operations management techniques is not only based on technical factors, but it is mainly associated with organisational factors such as culture, previous polices and procedures, etc. A prime example of promisng operations practices is Lean Six Sigma (L6σ). The main research question for L6σ is related to its liabilities and constrains regarding its implementation. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the critical factors related to the application L6σ. The context of the analysis is service industry since it seems that it has been neglected from the literature that mainly focuses on manufacturing. The methodology was based on the qualitative exploration of three case studies from the service industry. Secondary data were collected through an analysis of companies' documents, written procedures and quality assurance policies and primary data were collected through a number of in-depth face-to-face interviews with managers and quality experts. The findings show that there are ten (10) particular factors that influence the implementation of L6σ in service organizations.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Fairness Concern and Different Business Objectives on the Complexity of Dual-Channel Value Chains

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuxiang Li ◽  
Yuhao Zhang ◽  
Yimin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Chaotic State ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Fairness Concern ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dual Channel Supply Chain

This paper considers a Stackelberg game model in a dual-channel supply chain, which is composed of a manufacturer and a retailer. The manufacturer and retailer consider fairness concern in the market competition, and the manufacturer takes market share and profit as his/her business objectives. The entropy complexity and dynamic characteristic of the dual-channel system are analyzed through mathematical analysis and numerical simulation, such as local stability, bifurcation, entropy, and chaos. The results show that, with the increase of price adjustment speed, the dual-channel supply chain is more complex and falls into a chaotic state in which system entropy increases; the stability of the dual-channel supply chain will be robust with the increase of weight of market share and weaken with the increase of the fairness concern level of the manufacturer and retailer. The high level of fairness concern of the manufacturer and retailer is always disadvantageous to the leading manufacturer but not always bad for the follower retailer. The performance of the dual-channel supply chain is improved with a high level of the manufacturer’s fairness concern and reduced with a high level of the retailer’s fairness concern. We also find the retailer will gain more profits in the chaotic state than the stable state in the Stackelberg game model. The variable feedback control method is applied to control the chaos of the dual-channel supply chain, and choosing appropriate control parameters can make the dual-channel supply chain system return to the stable state from the chaotic state, or delay the system to enter the bifurcation state. The research results can provide a guideline for enterprise decision-making.

scholarly journals PENETAPAN HARGA BERBASIS PENERIMAAN KONSUMEN DI DUAL-CHANNEL SUPPLY CHAIN

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
ERWIN WIDODO
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Mixed Structure ◽  
Critical Problem ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Customer Acceptance ◽  
Channel Parameter ◽  
Online Channel ◽  
Dual Channel Supply Chain ◽  
Online Pricing ◽  
Qualitative Estimation

PENETAPAN HARGA BERBASIS PENERIMAAN KONSUMENDI DUAL-CHANNEL SUPPLY CHAINERWIN WIDODOJurusan Teknik Industri, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) SurabayaKampus ITS, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111Surel: [email protected] Supply Chain (DCSC) adalah sebuah struktur gabungan yang secara simultanmemanfaatkan online dan offline channel untuk mendistribusikan sebuah produk. Struktur ini menjanjikanperluasan jangkauan pasar yang berujung pada peningkatan pendapatan. Meskipun demikian, selainmenawarkan potensi, DCSC juga membawa beberapa problem. Salah satu problem yang dominan adalahpenetapan harga harga antar channel. Pada prakteknya, para pelaku DCSC seringkali secara intuitifmenetapkan harga online dan offline-nya. Belum ada sebuah mekanisme pengukuran yang representatifuntuk problem yang sebenarnya sangat penting ini. Paper ini mencoba menjawab tantangan tersebutdengan mengusulkan sebuah mekanisme estimasi pengukuran secara kuantitatif tentang penerimaanpelanggan terhadap online channel relatif terhadap offline channel. Pendekatan yang diusulkan adalahpemanfaatan model matematis tentang hubungan interplay antar harga online dan offline. Parameterpenting yang menjadi perhatian utama adalah sebuah rasio penerimaan pelanggan kepada online channelrelatif terhadap offline channel. Parameter ini diukur dari 3 kelompok produk yang dijual dalam strukturDCSC yang ada di Indonesia guna menunjukkan perbedaan karakteristik dari masing-masing kelompokproduk tersebut. Hasil percobaan numerik yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan usulanmekanisme penetapan harga ini dapat meningkatkan performansi finansial DCSC amatan.Kata kunci: dual-channel supply chain, penetapan harga, online channel, offline channelABSTRACTDual-Channel Supply Chain (DCSC) is a mixed structure which simultaneously utilizes both offline andonline channel to distribute one particular product or service. This structure provides market reach extensionin which eventually leads to revenue increase. Whatsoever, aside of this advantage, DCSC also brings somechallenging problems. One prominent problem is of about between-channel pricing-problem. In its practice,DCSC actors often apply intuitive offline and online pricing without further analytical evaluation. Yet there isno representative mechanism to address this critical problem. This paper attempts to resolute this challengeby proposing a qualitative estimation mechanism on customer acceptance on online channel relative tooffline one. This proposed approach is about to utilize an interplay relationship between offline and onlineprices. The main parameter to consider is a ratio of customer acceptance parameters. These parameters areelicited from 3 groups of products which are sold under DCSC structure in Indonesian cases to exhibit thedifferent properties in each product group. Numerical experiment result shows that the utilization of thispricing mechanism may increase the financial performance of DCSC under observation.Key words: dual-channel supply chain, pricing, online channel, offline channel

scholarly journals Pricing Decisions of Competing Tobacco Enterprises with Online Channel

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Jackson Jinhong Mi ◽  
Bin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Channel Structure ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Equilibrium Pricing ◽  
Sales Channels ◽  
Pricing Decisions ◽  
Online Sales ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Online Channel ◽  
Channel Structures

According to the new measurement of launching online distribution channels of tobacco enterprises in China, this paper investigates the tobacco firm’s pricing decisions on the supply chain which consists of two manufacturers and one retailer under three dual-channel structures. Three dual-channel structures include no online channel, only one online channel by one manufacture, and two online channels by two manufacturers. We apply the Stackelberg game to analyze the equilibrium pricing strategies under different structures and try to explore the necessity and advantages of launching online sales channels. The results demonstrate that the substitutability of a product has significant impact on introducing online sales channels, and the online dual-channel structure could result in less profit for manufacturers compared to the traditional retail channel structure; and thus, a dual-channel structure with online sales is not the best strategy for traditional manufacturers. Moreover, when the product is less substitutable, the effect of the tobacco control on the online sales channel is inferior to the traditional channels and vice versa.

INITIAL STEP OF SPECIALIZED CORPORA BUILDING: CLEANING PROCEDURES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Yakubson ◽  
Victor Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Text Processing ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Linguistic Annotation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
Future Work

This paper deals with the specialized corpora building, specifically academic language corpus in the biotechnology field. Being a part of larger research devoted to creation and usage of specialized parallel corpus, this piece aims to analyze the initial step of corpus building. Our main research question was what procedures we need to implement to the texts before using them to develop the corpus. Analysis of previous research showed the significant quantity of papers devoted to corpora creation, including academic specialized corpora. Different sides of the process were analyzed in these researches, including the types of texts used, the principles of crawling, the recommended length of texts etc. As to the text processing for the needs of corpora creation, only the linguistic annotation issues were examined earlier. At the same time, the preliminary cleaning of texts before their usage in corpora may have significant influence on the corpus quality and its utility for the linguistic research. In this paper, we considered three small corpora derived from the same set of academic texts in the biotechnology field: “raw” corpus without any preliminary cleaning and two corpora with different level of cleaning. Using different Sketch Engine tools, we analyzed these corpora from the position of their future users, predominantly as sources for academic wordlists and specialized multi-word units. The conducted research showed very little difference between two cleaned corpora, meaning that only basic cleaning procedures such as removal of reference lists are can be useful in corpora design. At the same time, we found a significant difference between raw and cleaned corpora and argue that this difference can affect the quality of wordlists and multi-word terms extraction, therefore these cleaning procedures are meaningful. The main limitation of the study is that all texts were taken from the unique source, so the conclusions could be affected by this specific journal’s peculiarities. Therefore, the future work should be the verification of results on different text collections

THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION’S APPROACH TO ENERGY SECURITY IN POLAND AND THE BALTIC STATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1/2020) ◽  
pp. 33-67
Author(s):  
Olga Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Realist Theory ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Baltic

The subject of this paper encompasses US policy towards Poland and the Baltic States regarding energy security during Donald Trump’s presidency. It is discernible that vast domestic energy resources have created an opportunity for the US to project more power to these countries, and the surrounding region. We argue that Trump and his administration’s perceptions have served as an intervening variable in that opportunity assessment, in accordance with the neoclassical realist theory. The main research question addressed in this paper is whether US has used that opportunity to contribute to energy security in countries it has traditionally deemed as allies. Two aspects of US approach to energy security of the designated countries are taken into consideration: liquified natural gas exports and support for the Three Seas Initiative. The way Trump presented his policy and its results in his public statements has also been considered in this paper. The article will proceed as follows. The first subsection of the paper represents a summary of energy security challenges in Poland and the Baltic States. The second subsection is dedicated to the opportunity for the US to project energy power and to Trump’s perceptions relevant for the opportunity assessment. The third subsection deals with American LNG exports to these countries as a possible way for contributing to energy security in Poland and the Baltic States. The last part of the paper addresses the Three Seas Initiative and US approach to this platform.

scholarly journals Effects of exposure to immersive videos and photo slideshows of forest and urban environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Mostajeran ◽  
Jessica Krzikawski ◽  
Frank Steinicke ◽  
Simone Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Jail Inmates ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Sense Of Presence ◽  
Hospital Patients

AbstractA large number of studies have demonstrated the benefits of natural environments on people’s health and well-being. For people who have limited access to nature (e.g., elderly in nursing homes, hospital patients, or jail inmates), virtual representations may provide an alternative to benefit from the illusion of a natural environment. For this purpose and in most previous studies, conventional photos of nature have been used. Immersive virtual reality (VR) environments, however, can induce a higher sense of presence compared to conventional photos. Whether this higher sense of presence leads to increased positive impacts of virtual nature exposure is the main research question of this study. Therefore, we compared exposure to a forest and an urban virtual environment in terms of their respective impact on mood, stress, physiological reactions, and cognition. The environments were presented via a head-mounted display as (1) conventional photo slideshows or (2) 360$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ videos. The results show that the forest environment had a positive effect on cognition and the urban environment disturbed mood regardless of the mode of presentation. In addition, photos of either urban or forest environment were both more effective in reducing physiological arousal compared to immersive 360$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ videos.

scholarly journals Decisions and Coordination in E-Commerce Supply Chain under Logistics Outsourcing and Altruistic Preferences

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Yuyan Wang ◽  
Zhaoqing Yu ◽  
Liang Shen ◽  
Runjie Fan ◽  
Rongyun Tang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Altruistic Behavior ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Equilibrium Solutions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dual Channel

Considering the peculiarities of logistics in the electronic commerce (e-commerce) supply chain (ESC) and e-commerce platform’s altruistic preferences, a model including an e-commerce platform, third-party logistics service provider, and manufacturer is constructed. Based on this, three decision models are proposed and equilibrium solutions are obtained by the Stackelberg game. Then, an “altruistic preference joint fixed-cost” contract is proposed to maximize system efficiency. Finally, numerical analysis is used to validate the findings of the paper. The article not only analyzes and compares the optimal decisions under different ESC models, but also explores the intrinsic factors affecting the decisions. This paper finds that the conclusions of dual-channel supply chains or traditional supply chains do not necessarily apply to ESC, and that the effect of altruistic behavior under ESC is influenced by consumer preferences. Moreover, there is a multiparty win–win state for ESC, and this state can be achieved through the “altruistic preference joint fixed-cost” contract. Therefore, the findings of this paper contribute to the development of an e-commerce market and the cooperation of ESC members.

Directionality of cross-linguistic influence: Which referring choices do bilingual Ukrainian–English children make?

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roksolana Mykhaylyk ◽  
Elinor Ytterstad
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Dual Language ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Object Language ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Null Object ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims and research questions: This paper presents a new study addressing the issue of cross-linguistic influence in acquisition of referring expressions. The main research question is how to predict directionality of this influence in a dual language development. Methodology: The method is an elicited production task. We consider the phenomenon of direct object referring choices, i.e. noun, pronoun and null element, in a ‘null-object’–‘overt-object’ language pair (Ukrainian and English). Data and Analysis: Participants of the experiment are 4–6-year-old Ukrainian–English bilinguals (N20) and Ukrainian monolinguals (N21). The data are analyzed in the statistical program R, utilizing the R-library function lme4. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) of each direct object type. Findings: Our data reveal that while there is no significant difference in Ukrainian object types in most of the age groups, there is a considerable amount of null object usage in English at the ages of four to five. Originality: The innovative nature of this study lies in: (i) the consideration of a licit object omission at a later stage of language development (from 4 to 6 years of age); (ii) the examination of an under-investigated language combination (i.e. English and Ukrainian); and (iii) the innovative approach to linguistic data analysis (e.g. comparing OR values). Implications: Our findings suggest that the directionality of influence in dual language acquisition depends on the developmental stage, language-specific means of syntax–pragmatics interaction, and extra-linguistic input-related factors. At the early stages of development, the null-object language is likely to influence the overt-object language, especially under conditions of limited exposure to the latter.

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