scholarly journals Botanical Composition and Species Diversity of Arid and Desert Rangelands in Tataouine, Tunisia

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Mouldi Gamoun ◽  
Mounir Louhaichi
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Natural Restoration ◽  
Southern Tunisia ◽  
Desert Rangelands ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Natural rangelands occupy about 5.5 million hectares of Tunisia’s landmass, and 38% of this area is in Tataouine governorate. Although efforts towards natural restoration are increasing rapidly as a result of restoration projects, the area of degraded rangelands has continued to expand and the severity of desertification has continued to intensify. Any damage caused by disturbances, such as grazing and recurrent drought, may be masked by a return of favorable rainfall conditions. In this work, conducted during March 2018, we surveyed the botanical composition and species diversity of natural rangelands in Tataouine in southern Tunisia. The flora comprised about 279 species belonging to 58 families, with 54% annuals and 46% perennials. The Asteraceae family had the greatest richness of species, followed by Poaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae, Boraginaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, and Cistaceae. Therophytes made the highest contribution, followed by chamaephytes and hemicryptophytes. Of all these species, 40% were palatable to highly palatable and more than 13% are used in both traditional and modern medicine.

scholarly journals Changes in species diversity and above-ground biomass of shrubland over long-term natural restoration process in the Taihang Mountain in North China

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Liu ◽  
W. Zhang ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
F. Qu ◽  
X. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Vegetation Recovery ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Restoration Process ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Natural Restoration ◽  
Taihang Mountain

In order to restore the impaired forest ecosystem in China, great efforts including the banning of the animal grazing and cutting woods for fuel, and implementation of the ‘Grain for Green’ program have been made by the central and local government of China. The objective of this research was to investigate the changes in above-ground biomass and species diversity after 22 years of vegetation recovery efforts in the lower Taihang Mountain of China. The results indicated that over the natural restoration process shrubs became the dominant species in 2008, while herbs were the dominant species back in 1986. Community coverage, height and above-ground biomass showed significant increases in 2008 compared to 1986. Shrubs showed significant increases in coverage, height, and above-ground biomass, whereas herbs significantly increased in height, but decreased in above-ground biomass. Over the 22-year natural restoration process, the species richness index and the Shannon-Wiener’s index had been significantly decreased, whereas the Simpson’s predominance index and the Pielou’s evenness index had been significantly increased. Long-term vegetation recovery efforts improved the impaired forest ecosystem in lower Taihang Mountain to some extent: significant increases in both community coverage and above-ground biomass. The significant increase in community coverage can reduce the soil loss by wind and water erosion, and increase in the above-ground biomass will improve the soil chemical properties and physical structure. A comprehensive assessment of the success of vegetation recovery should include the evaluation of the changes in ecological process such as soil biological activities in the future research.

The influence of mowing, fertilization, and plant removal on the botanical composition of an artificial sward

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1080-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Parish ◽  
Roy Turkington ◽  
Elena Klein
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Mixture ◽  
Plant Removal ◽  
Fraser Valley

An artificial pasture was established using a forage seed mixture commonly used in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia. For five growing seasons, the plots were subjected to all combinations of two fertilizer levels, four frequencies of mowing, and the removal or not of small divots to create small gaps. All species were still present at the end of the study, but only Dactylis glomerata was found in all treatments; the abundance of ryegrasses (Lolium spp.) and clovers (Trifolium spp.) declined considerably, and there were significant [Formula: see text] between-year differences for all species. Mowing [Formula: see text] and fertilization [Formula: see text] had significant impacts on the abundance of all species, and there was a significant [Formula: see text] fertilization × mowing interaction effect on all species except Festuca sp. Divot removal had little impact. The number of species per plot and species diversity were highest, but the abundance of species was lowest, in unfertilized and frequently mown plots. The results are discussed in the context of tolerance to shading, nutrient application and growth rates, and competitive exclusion. Key words: mowing, fertilization, disturbance.

scholarly journals Thrips (Thysanoptera, Insecta) of the Asteraceae family plants occurring in areas with different levels of anthropopressure in Lublin (Eastern Poland) / Wciornastki (Thysanoptera, Insecta) zebrane z miejsc o różnym stopniu antropopresji w Lublinie na roślinach z rodziny Asteraceae

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Czepiel-Mil ◽  
Danuta Kowalczyk-Pecka
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
The City ◽  
Asteraceae Family ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract In the years 2001-2003, a study on thrips (Thysanoptera) was conducted in Lublin (south-eastern Poland). The aim of the research was to determine the species composition of the insects on selected plants from the Asteraceae family collected at sights of varying anthropopressures in Lublin. Fifteen designated sites, classified as semi-natural and anthropogenic, were located in different parts of the city. As a result of the study, the occurrence of 36 thrips species was recorded. The species dominating in the whole material were: Thrips physapus, Thrips trehernei, Thrips validus and Frankliniella intonsa. The greatest thrips species variety was characteristic of the following plant species: Hieracium umbellatum, Matricaria perforata, Taraxacum officinale, Erigeron strigosus. The research conducted shows that urban environment is quite rich in terms of thrips species diversity. The number of species caught indicates their tolerance to moderately adverse conditions in the city. The most important factor affecting the number of collected species is plant diversity. The sites of different levels of athropopressure varied both in their species composition and in the number of thrips found.

scholarly journals Species Diversity and Botanical Composition of Permanent Grassland as a Response to Different Grazing Management Practices

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1201-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Štýbnarová ◽  
Josef Hakl ◽  
Pavlína Mičová ◽  
Hana Karabcová ◽  
Oldřich Látal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Pasture Fertilization ◽  
Similar Site

The effects of different levels of grazing utilization (two, three and four grazing cycles per year) and mineral fertilization (nil-fertilization; N100P30K60) on the botanical composition of permanent grasslands were studied in the locality of Rapotín (Czech Republic, 332 m a.s.l.) from 2003–2010. The vegetation of the experimental pasture was classified as Cynosurion. It was found that moderate treatment (three grazing cycles per year) without mineral fertilization showed the highest value of diversity index (DI = 6.08), and maximum dominance of legumes (Dmax = 9.1%), particularly Trifolium repens. The highest dominance of grasses (Dmax = 77.7%), mainly Dactylis glomerata and Elytrigia repens, was achieved with the fertilized treatment utilized in two grazing cycles per year. Based on RDA results, tested management treatments explained 26% of species composition variability, where effect of number of grazing cycles per year was five-times higher than effect of fertilization. We recommend grassland utilization in three grazing cycles per year as the most suitable way from the objective of both species diversity and botanical composition of pastures in similar site conditions. Pasture fertilization should be more controlled by careful consideration of individual pasture goals, actual nutrient status of the soil and possible environmental risks.

scholarly journals Biologically active substances of some species of the genus Asteraceae

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (79) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
A. K. Kamysbaevа ◽  
◽  
G. E. Azimbaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Plants ◽  
Asteraceae Family ◽  
Active Substances

Currently, 40% of drugs used in modern medicine are obtained from plant raw materials. Among the wild flora there are medicinal plant species containing a variety of chemical composition, including biologically active substances with antimicrobial activity and phytoncidal properties. This article presents biologically active substances of some species of the genus Asteraceae . The chemical composition of plants belonging to the Asteraceae family is represented by anthocyanins, inulins, pectins, flavonoids, proteins, cloves, fatty oils, coumarins, carotenes and polyphenols. The plant of the Asteraceae family is used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, antitumor and cardiotonic agent.

Are there benefits of pasture species diversity in hill country?

2003 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
M.B. Dodd ◽  
D.J. Barker ◽  
M.E. Wedderburn
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
The North ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Pasture Plant ◽  
Pasture Yield

We conducted an experiment at two hill country sites in the North Island to determine whether more diverse pasture swards were beneficial in terms of pasture herbage yield and resistance to weed invasion. In this study diversity was characterised by variation in the number (between 0 and 8) of functional groupings of pasture plant species. Seed mixtures were oversown into sprayed resident pastures in low and high fertility paddocks and steep and easy slopes within those paddocks. We measured pasture yield in terms of net herbage accumulation in spring and autumn of 1999-2000 and the botanical composition of the harvested material, identifying unsown species in the plots. The dominant influences on pasture yield were site, fertility and slope, rather than species diversity. The presence of particular functional groups was also weakly associated with differences in pasture yield. Increasing the number of functional groups sown had a negative effect on the invasion of unsown species, and their contribution to yield, and this may be the main benefit of pasture diversity. Keywords: functional groups, hill country, pasture yield, species diversity, weed invasion

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