scholarly journals Satisfaction Evaluation of Rural Human Settlements in Northwest China: Method and Application

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Pengyan Wang ◽  
Xiaofei Qin ◽  
Yurui Li
Keyword(s):  
Northwest China ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Technology Advancement ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Yanchi County ◽  
Six Dimensions ◽  
Satisfaction Evaluation ◽  
Evaluating Method

Rural human settlements are an integral part of a rural system. The evaluation of public feedback based on farmers’ satisfaction is a crucial way to understand the current situation of rural human settlements. This paper establishes a framework to evaluate local dwellers’ satisfaction towards the environment of rural human settlements in northwest China from six dimensions involving living conditions, the environment, physical infrastructure, public service, governance, and culture. The empirical study was conducted in Yanchi County, which demonstrates the applicability of this evaluating method. This study shows that the overall degree of satisfaction towards the environment of rural human settlements is relatively high, with a figure of 77.38. However, the satisfaction scores for the six dimensions are uneven, and there are significant differences between the villages. Further, these villages can be divided into three types according to the residents’ satisfaction, and viable strategies are suggested correspondingly. To sustain rural settlement development, the authors argue that more efforts should be put into technology advancement, public participation incentives, and the subsequent maintenance of projects in the long run.

A Longitudinal Study of Metropolitan Density Patterns in a Developing Country: Puerto Rico, 1899–1970

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-433
Author(s):  
Suzanne Vaughan ◽  
K P Schwirian
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Developing Societies

One approach to the study of the growth and development of human settlements is through the analysis of changing residential patterns. The focus of this paper is upon the changing density patterns for Puerto Rico's three principal metropolitan areas from 1899–1970. The data show that San Juan's long-run residential deconcentration is consistent with the pattern usually displayed by cities in developed societies. The increasing congestion and stable concentration of Ponce and Mayaguez are consistent with the pattern found in cities in developing societies. Differences among the metropolitan areas are discussed in terms of the trajectory of Puerto Rico's economic development.

How climate change affected the evolution of ancient civilizations in eastern Ancient Silk Road?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghui Dong ◽  
Ruo Li ◽  
Shanjia Zhang ◽  
Fengwen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Qaidam Basin ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Coupling Relationship ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Precipitation Variation ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
Ancient Silk Road

<p>The study of the coupling relationship between climate change and civilization evolution along the Ancient Silk, can provide valuable insights for understanding the history, pattern and mechanism of man-land relation evolution from a long-run perspective. Here we provide two case studies from the Hexi Corridor and Qaidam basin in northwest China, where locates at eastern Ancient Silk Road, and became a center for trans-continental exchange since the second Millennium BC, hydrological change in these areas is very drastic. The results reveal three significant desertification events occurred in these two areas during late Holocene, which was likely related to precipitation variation in surrounding mountains instead of basins, and triggered the shrinkage of ancient oases and then the decline of ancient civilizations. We also try to explain the linkage between climate change and the evolution of ancient civilizations in the two areas.</p>

scholarly journals Examining the quality of the competency-based evaluation program for dentistry based on the CIPP model: A mixed-method study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
Nemat Bilan ◽  
Ramin Negahdari ◽  
Hakimeh Hazrati ◽  
Saeid Foroughi Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Educational Innovation ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Evaluation Program ◽  
Cipp Model ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Competency Based

Background. Continuing assessment of the quality of evaluation programs promotes the quality of exams and ensures learners’ accurate evaluation. This study aimed to examine the quality of the competency-based evaluation program for dentistry based on the context, input, process, and product (CIPP) model. Methods. In a mixed-methods study (quantitative-qualitative), dentistry students’ evaluation program using competency-based assessment methods was examined by dentistry professors based on the CIPP model and via a reliable and valid researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire had three sections on demographic information, evaluation questions, and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics (mean and SD) were used to analyze the questionnaire items. Open-ended questions were analyzed by content analysis, and the quantitative part was analyzed using SPSS. Results. Twenty-five faculty members from the departments of orthodontics and dental prosthesis completed the questionnaires. The overall level of faculty members’ satisfaction with the new evaluation program was above average (54±17.02). They had the highest degree of satisfaction with output indices and the lowest degree with input indices. The analysis of the open-ended questions yielded two general categories of "providing the human and physical infrastructure" and "spiritual support and encouragement of educational innovation." Conclusion. The competency-based evaluation program needs the support of managers and planners. The faculty should provide the infrastructure for the implementation of these methods. By meeting the requirements, the professors will be motivated to implement these methods, and the paradigm can shift from traditional to novel evaluation methods.

scholarly journals Do Fiscal Transfers Foster Regional Economic Growth?

e-Finanse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Naftaly Mose
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Fiscal Transfers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Fiscal Transfer

Abstract Fiscal transfer development across the world today has been in part driven by assertions of a supposed ‘economic dividend’ linked with the devolved financial spending. There is, however, little empirical evidence to validate these assertions in Kenya. It is against this background that this study was carried out to estimate the end product of fiscal transfer on regional economic growth in Kenya using a secondary panel data set. Using the ARDL estimation technique the long -run and error correction estimates of the model were generated. The findings revealed that increased fiscal transfer in recurrent budgets accelerates regional growth, hence confirming the Keynesian hypothesis. Conversely, fiscal transfer in capital expenditure was insignificant. This study recommends the need for policymakers to put in place policies and strategies that will improve budget allocation and execution in capital budgets so as to improve physical infrastructure and thus boost private productivity and consequently regional income growth.

Analysis of Distributional Equity of Public Physical Infrastructure in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 4 (Issue 3) ◽  
pp. 90-109
Author(s):  
Ayza Shoukat ◽  
Muhammad Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Panel Ardl ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Equity Principle ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Mixed Order ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Economic Well Being

The significance of public physical infrastructure (PPI) is hard to brush aside. Whereas, misallocation of PPI tends to overshadow the growth as well as creates disruption and unrest among the territories. The theory of public choice proposes that embracing the equity effect in distribution of PPI can improve overall economic growth as well as concord the economic well-being. The current study has empirically tested the equity approach in distribution of PPI among the provinces of Pakistan. We have adopted an innovative approach by analyzing the equity principle. Panel data for provinces of Pakistan has been employed for the period of 1988-2018. The stationarity of the variables has been checked through Levin, Lin & Chu test. As we get mixed order of integration, panel ARDL is used to estimate the results. The study concludes that the distribution of PPI in provinces of Pakistan is based on the equity principle. Whereas the other economic indicator efficiency is traded off against equity. The short run negative and significant ECT term also confirms the existence of long run relationship between variables. These results ensure that despite the heterogenous characteristics of each province, the distribution of PPI is done to equalize the living standards across the country.

scholarly journals Prohibited Grazing Policy Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction in Rural Northwest China—A Case Study in Yanchi County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Wang ◽  
Lihua Zhou ◽  
Guojing Yang ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
Yong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ◽  
Yanchi County ◽  
Grazing Policy ◽  
Reported Income

In order to restore degraded grasslands, the Chinese central government initiated the Prohibited Grazing Policy (PGP) in areas of severe grassland degradation and ecologically fragile regions which is an important payment for ecosystem services (PES) program. Since the initiation of this policy in the early 2000s, the PGP has significantly influenced participants’ lives. Therefore, in order for the policy to be successful, it is necessary to understand what determines participants’ satisfaction in the policy. This paper presents an analysis of survey data from Yanchi County using ordered probit regression models to explore the factors influencing PGP satisfaction and life satisfaction. The empirical results suggest that farmers’ policy perception, environmental perception, and livelihood strategies of raising sheep had significant effects on PGP satisfaction. Additionally, PGP satisfaction, marital status, environmental satisfaction, self-reported influence of the PGP on income, self-reported income level, and self-reported income and expenditure had significantly positive effects on overall life satisfaction. These results are important for promoting better implementation of such programs as well as enhancing social stability and sustainable development in these regions.

scholarly journals Enigma of Public Assistance to Private Investment through Infrastructure: Evidence from Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ayza Shoukat ◽  
Khalil Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Short Run

Purpose: Public physical infrastructure development has fairly large impacts on private sector investment decisions and through this; it can affect economic performance (growth). The current study intends to explore the course in which public infrastructure affects private sector investment in Pakistan and whether there exist long run equilibrium between them or not. Time series annual data from 1972 to 2015 has been employed.  Instead of using a single infrastructure indicator, the study has constructed a multidimensional composite index through principal component analysis (PCA). Real gross fixed capital formation is used as the proxy of private sector investment. The long run relationship is determined by Johansen's co-integration technique after checking for the order of integration. The empirical evidence shows that physical infrastructure availability is positively and significantly affecting private sector investment decisions. In addition, credit to private sector, per capita GDP, work force and inflation rate are positively and significantly affecting private investment. Further, private investment is sensitive to public physical infrastructure availability not only in long run but also in short run. A statistically significant and negative ECT (-1) term confirms the long run relationship and convergence towards equilibrium in case of Pakistan.  Findings of the study show that public physical infrastructure services endorse the private investment both in the long run and the short run

scholarly journals Dampak Realokasi Anggaran Belanja Subsidi BBM untuk Pembangunan Infrastruktur terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-443
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anas ◽  
Wahyu Widodo ◽  
FX Sugiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Social Accounting Matrix ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Accelerate Growth ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Kondisi dan daya saing infrastruktur Indonesia belum memadai akibat belanja infrastruktur yang terhambat karena membengkaknya anggaran subsidi BBM. Pada akhir tahun 2014, pemerintah mereformasi anggaran belanja dengan memangkas anggaran subsidi BBM dan meningkatkan anggaran pembangunan infrastruktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak realokasi anggaran belanja subsidi BBM untuk pembangunan infrastruktur terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data yang bersumber dari BPS dan Susenas, penelitian ini menerapkan aplikasi Sistem Neraca Sosial Ekonomi (SNSE) sebagai alat analisis untuk melihat seberapa besar dampak kebijakan bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pendapatan rumah tangga. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa realokasi anggaran subsidi BBM untuk pembangunan infrastruktur sosial (seperti pendidikan dan kesehatan) berpengaruh lebih besar terhadap perekonomian Indonesia dibandingkan infrastruktur fisik (seperti jalan dan jembatan). Meski pertubuhan ekonomi yang diperoleh melalui hasil simulasi belum mencapai target pembangunan, namun dalam jangka panjang pembangunan infrastruktur diharapkan mampu mengakselerasi pertumbuhan ekonomi. Indonesia’s infrastructure has been inadequate and not competitive due to the lack of infrastructure spending because of the consistently increasing budget for fuel subsidy. Therefore, at the end of 2014, Government of Indonesia (GoI) reformed their budgeting policy by diverting fuel subsidy’s budget to develop infrastructure. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of diverting Indonesia’s budgeting policy from fuel subsidy to infrastructure on its economy. Using data from Statistics Indonesia and National Survey of Social and Economy, this study applied Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) as the analytical tool to quantify the magnitude of the impact from the policy on Indonesia’s economic growth and household income. Simulation results indicated that developing social infrastructure (such as education and health) had a bigger impact on Indonesia’s economy than developing physical infrastructure (such as roads and bridges). Although the economic growth resulted from the simulation policy could not meet Indonesia’s target, infrastructure spending is expected to accelerate growth in the long run.

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