scholarly journals Landscape Ecological Analysis of Green Network in Urban Area Using Circuit Theory and Least-Cost Path

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 847
Author(s):  
Oh-Sung Kwon ◽  
Jin-Hyo Kim ◽  
Jung-Hwa Ra
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
Circuit Theory ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Least Cost Path ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Actual Space ◽  
Cost Paths ◽  
Landscape Ecological ◽  
Least Cost Paths ◽  
The City

Quantitative securing of green space in already developed cities has many practical limitations due to socio-economic limitations. Currently, South Korea is planning a green network to secure and inject effective green space, but it is difficult to reflect it in the actual space plan due to the abstract plan. This study utilizes circuit theory and least-cost path methods for presenting a green network that is objectified and applicable to spatial planning. First, an analysis of the Least-cost Path revealed 69 least-cost paths between 43 core green areas of the study site. Most least-cost paths have been identified as passing through small green areas and streams in the city. Using the circuit theory, it was also possible to distinguish areas other than least-cost paths from areas with high potential for development, areas where target species are concentrated within corridors. In particular, areas with relatively high green network improvement effects were derived within and around corridors. This study is most significant in establishing and evaluating existing urban green networks, overcoming the limitations discussed at the linear level and expanding to the area level. To increase the utilization of this study in the future, field surveys and monitoring studies on target species need to be supplemented.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Including Traversal across Slope on Least Cost Path Accuracy: A Roman road case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Path Model ◽  
Least Cost Path ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
The North ◽  
High Street ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Cost Paths ◽  
Least Cost Paths ◽  
The Impact

Despite the methodological issues of Least Cost Path analysis being well known, the inclusion of traversal across slope has not been assessed. This paper uses a Roman road built along a ridge in Cumbria, England as a case study. The ‘High Street’ Roman road provides a suitable case study as its route along the ridge is dictated by the topography. By comparing the computed Least Cost Path results when including and not including traversal across slope as a cost component, this research has found that the inclusion results in Least Cost Paths that more accurately model the known route of the Roman road along the ridge. The Least Cost Path model when not including traversal across slope resulted in 84.8% of the Least Cost Path being within 600m of the known route, compared to 100% when including traversal across slope. Due to the application of anisotropic cost functions, this research also identified that both Least Cost Path models predicted the route from the south towards the north frontiers more accurately, suggesting the Roman road was built with this direction of movement in mind.

scholarly journals Assessment of Green Infrastructure for Conservation Planning using Cadastral Data in Seoul, South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Gon Park
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Space Network ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
The Status ◽  
The City ◽  
Structural Classes ◽  
Conservation And Management

Green infrastructure has been used for environmental conservation and management with many similar concepts such as green-space network, green-link network, and green-ways network based on the objectives of the cities for greening. Seoul established the 2030 Seoul City Master Plan that contains green-link network projects to connect critical green areas within the city. However, the plan does not have detailed analysis for the green infrastructure to incorporate land-cover information to many structural classes. This study maps green infrastructure networks of Seoul for complementing their green plans with identifying and ranking green areas. Hubs and links that are the main elements of green infrastructure have been identified through incorporating cadastral data of 967,502 parcels to 135 of land use maps using Geographic Information System. The study extracted 1,365 of green areas that represent an area of 24,530 ha within the city and buffered these areas to identify districts as critical green areas that have hubs and links. At a city scale, the study used 103,553 of parcel data for ranking extracted 20 districts, and 17,860 of parcel data for ranking extracted 42 links connecting the districts. At a district scale, this study used 87,826 of parcel data for analyzing the status of potential links within the districts and ranking these districts for green infrastructure. This assessment analyzes the main elements of green infrastructure and suggests site prioritization for green infrastructure under variable scenarios of green and developed areas in a metropolitan city.

scholarly journals Dispersion analysis of carbon monoxide concentrations in the linear cities atmospheric air

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
Julia Ivanova ◽  
Ekaterina Sokolova ◽  
Valery Azarov ◽  
Elizaveta Martynova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Residential Quarters ◽  
The City

Volgograd belongs to a number of cities in which a linear planning structure was formed, stretching along the Volga River for almost 100 km, however, the width of Volgograd in some sections ranges from 3 to 10 km. The total area outlined by the borders is 400 km2, Volgograd has a “loose” structure, as a result, the territory occupied by residential quarters is almost 3 times smaller. In the city there are gaps between the districts, which are occupied by green areas and wastelands. In Volgograd, large green space arrays prevail on the ravines and gullies slopes, which are widespread in the city, as well as in watershed areas, while having a soil-protective and water-regulating value. Moreover, in general, in Volgograd, the area of green areas is much less than the normative.

scholarly journals Vroča točka v mestu: povezava ekosistemskih storitev in biotske pestrosti mestnih zelenih površin

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Špela Železnikar ◽  
Klemen Eler ◽  
Marina Pintar
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Green areas in cities and their ecosystem services (ES) offer residents various benefits. The range of services depends on biodiversity of a green space. The aim was to determine the relationship between biodiversity in different categories of green areas in the city and the ecosystem services, which appear in it. We made 108 relevés in the autumn and spring time, within nine categories of green areas in the Municipality of Ljubljana. In each category the range of ES was assessed based on field analysis and compared with literature assessed ecosystem services. Results showed that the category of forests differ from others. Other categories were similar to each other, in particular grassland categories. Also, a positive relationship linkage was found - more plant species mean more assessed ecosystem services in a specific green infrastructure category.

scholarly journals Mapping the Flow of Forest Migration through the City under Climate Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiyao Han ◽  
Greg Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Circuit Theory ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Least Cost Path ◽  
Rapid Climate Change ◽  
Dispersal Agents ◽  
The City

Rapid climate change will create extreme problems for the biota of the planet. Much of it will have to migrate towards the poles at a rate far beyond normal speeds. In this context, the concept of assisted migration has been proposed to facilitate the migration of trees. Yet current practices of assisted migration focus on “where tree species should be in the future” and thus have many uncertainties. We suggest that more attention should be paid on the flow of forest migration. Therefore, this study develops a three-step methodology for mapping the flow of forest migration under climate change. Since the migration of trees depends on the activities of their seed dispersal agents, the accessibility of landscapes for dispersal agents is mainly considered in this study. The developed method combines a least-cost path model, a graph-based approach, and a circuit theory-based model. The least-cost path model is applied to map the movement of dispersal agents, based on which graph-based indices are used to evaluate the accessibility of landscapes for dispersal agents, which in turn is used as the basis for circuit theory-based modelling to map the flow of forest migration. The proposed method is demonstrated by a case study in the Greater Manchester area, UK. The resulting maps identify areas with high probability of climate-driven migration of trees.

scholarly journals Assessing the level of greening in a major city: subjective and objective evaluation on the example of the city of Kyiv

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (48) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Alla Mikhailivna Pleshkanovska
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
City Development ◽  
Major City ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
The City

AbstractOne of the ways to ensure the sustainable development of settlements is to improve comfort of living in urban areas. The formation of a developed landscaping system is one of the priorities of modern city development and provides an opportunity to realise the main functions of green areas of public use – ecological, historical, cultural, urban and social. Sufficiency or insufficiency of green areas is determined by indicators both objective (the level or area of landscaping per person), and subjective (the feeling of green space and comfort of urban areas). This study addresses both of these aspects. Significant differences in the findings of sociological surveys conducted earlier were also analysed. Residents of the city of Kyiv completed a questionnaire, which evaluated not only the existing greening system of the city, but also the perceived priority directions for its improvement. Four main criteria for assessing the quality of landscaping elements are proposed – environmental friendliness, contact, accessibility and attractiveness.

scholarly journals Agent-based least-cost path analysis and the diffusion of Cantabrian Lower Magdalenian engraved scapulae

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudine Gravel-Miguel ◽  
Colin D. Wren
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Least Cost Path ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Aggregation Site ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Group Population ◽  
Cost Paths ◽  
Least Cost Paths

At the root of numerous archaeological research projects is a need to understand how mobility impacted the lives of our ancestors. Recent technological advances have made it easy for archaeologists to rely on Geographic Information Systems’ least-cost path tools to identify the single easiest path to move between two points set in a realistically rugged landscape; however, least-cost path tools work on the assumption that the whole world is perfectly known, which does not represent human mobility accurately in all cases. Here, we present an agent-based least-cost path (AB-LCP) model, which does not make the assumption of complete landscape knowledge, and allows creating multiple anisotropic least-cost paths that take the traveler’s local perspective and incomplete knowledge into consideration. We demonstrate the model’s potential through a case study of the geographical distribution of Cantabrian (Spain) Lower Magdalenian engraved scapulae, which provides an interesting extension to current understanding of Magdalenian mobility, showcasing the flexibility and potential of this new LCP tool to study archaeological landscapes. The results of our study suggest that the studied engraved scapulae may have been created at El Castillo, and then brought to Altamira for transmission to other sites. The results show that El Castillo was strategically located on a bottleneck for coastal-to-plain mobility, whereas Altamira was located along social paths connecting other contemporaneous sites. This supports the already-accepted notion that both sites may have served for Upper Paleolithic population aggregation. However, our research builds on this idea by explaining why these two sites would have become so important. We suggest that Altamira was strategically placed near the boundary of inter-regional groups, thus taking the role as an aggregation site for unrelated populations, whereas El Castillo would have been used by the intra-regional group population to congregate during the summer and take advantage of the local mosaic of resources.

scholarly journals Linear Landscape Spaces in the Planning Structure of the City

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.2) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Luidmyla Shevchenko ◽  
Natalia Novoselchuk ◽  
Volodymyr Toporkov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Layout Structure ◽  
Landscape Ecological ◽  
The City

The article is aimed to show up the role of linear landscape spaces in the layout structure of a city. The current urban environment of existence of human shows a mix between nature, urbanized informative space, advanced innovative technologies, design elements. The authors accentuate importance of creation harmonious ecological and esthetically attractive environment of a city for human life and activities basing on the proper compatibility of these constituents. Basing on the selected methodology of research the authors analyze the available historiography material, world analogues of the investigated objects and their project conceptions. The article presents the existing theoretical conceptions of the urban development starting from the treatises of the ancient Greek philosophers up to project urban conceptions of the future cities basing on the linear landscape spaces. Position of the objects under research is outlined in the system of the green space. The system includes the objects under investigation as its integral part. The authors are educed the most widespread varieties of objects. The authors show the most widespread varieties of objects under research in the layout structure of modern cities. Particular attention of the authors is addressed to the linear parks, embankments, boulevards and parkways that play an important role in life and activity of a city and its habitants. Importance of proper implementation of project conceptions for such spaces has been shown by means of different spheres of design - landscape, ecological, ergonomics, urban and graphic.  

Assigning Traffic over Essentially-Least-Cost Paths

1996 ◽  
Vol 1556 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Hunt ◽  
Alain L. Kornhauser
Keyword(s):  
Shortest Paths ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Equilibrium Path ◽  
Least Cost Path ◽  
Single Origin ◽  
Cost Paths ◽  
Least Cost Paths ◽  
Assignment Models ◽  
Single Path ◽  
Predetermined Number

The concept of a least-cost path is generalized. The simplest of all traffic assignment models assumes that all trip makers from a single origin-destination (O-D) pair take a single path, for example, the minimum cost path or the equilibrium path. However, in many applications, it is observed that trips from a single O-D do not all take the same path. It is not difficult to imagine commuters from a large residential area using different routes to travel to a common workplace simply because each has a different disutility function. In reality no two routes have exactly the same cost; however, when modeled deterministically as network graphs, these graphs invariably have O-Ds with degenerate (multiple) shortest paths. The ability to measure the “best” route should also be seriously questioned. Given the level of uncertainty that exists in any link attribute, the variance of the accumulated uncertainty of that attribute over any given route can easily be such as to make many routes statistically indistinguishable from the deterministic best route. An algorithm for generating the set of paths that are essentially indistinguishable from the least-cost path is presented. These paths are constructed from the set of “locally acceptable” detours that are within a given cost threshold. This is different from the classic “k” least-cost path problem in that it operates on a cost threshold as opposed to a predetermined number of paths. Methods are then presented for assigning traffic to this subnetwork of essentially-least-cost paths.

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