scholarly journals The Classification of Bedouin Arabic: Insights from Northern Jordan

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bruno Herin ◽  
Igor Younes ◽  
Enam Al-Wer ◽  
Youssef Al-Sirour
Keyword(s):  
Southern Levant ◽  
Mixed Types ◽  
Northern Jordan

The goal of the present paper is to provide a revaluation of the classification of the Bedouin dialects of Northern Arabia and the Southern Levant, based on published or publicly available data and on first-hand data recently collected amongst some Bedouin tribes in Northern Jordan. We suggest extending previous classifications that identify three types of dialects, namely A (ʿnizi), B (šammari), and C (šāwi). Although intermediary or mixed types combining šammari features with šāwi features were already noted, our data suggest that further combinations are possible, either because they had so far been unnoticed or because recent levelling and dialect mixing have blurred the boundaries between some of the varieties.

scholarly journals Relationships of Hydrological Seasons in Rivers and Groundwaters in Selected Catchments in Poland

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Przemysław Tomalski ◽  
Edmund Tomaszewski ◽  
Dariusz Wrzesiński ◽  
Leszek Sobkowiak
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
New Variables ◽  
Mixed Types

The study applied the method of hydrological season identification in a time series of river total and base flows and in groundwater levels. The analysis covered a series of daily measurements from the period 2008–2017 in nine catchments located in different geographical regions of Poland. The basis of the classification of hydrological seasons, previously applied for river discharges only, was the transformation of the original variables into a series reflecting three statistical features estimated for single-name days of a year from a multiyear: average value, variation coefficient, and autocorrelation coefficient. New variables were standardized and after hierarchical clustering, every day of a year had a defined type, valorizing three features which refer to quantity, variability, and the stochastic nature of total and base river flow as well as groundwater stage. Finally, sequences of days were grouped into basic (homogenous) seasons of different types and transitional seasons including mixed types of days. Analysis indicated determinants of types, length, and frequency of identified hydrological seasons especially related to river regime, hydrogeological and hydrometeorological conditions as well as physiographical background were directly influenced by geographical location. Analysis of the co-occurrence of the same types of hydrological seasons allowed, in some catchments, periods of synchronic alimentation (groundwater and base flow, mainly in the cold half-year) and water shortages (all three components, mainly in the warm half-year) to be identified.

System of Chemical Bonds and Compounds as a Modern Scientific Foundation for Unification of Methods for Controlling the Structure and Properties of Various Substances and Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 887-892
Author(s):  
R.O. Sirotkin ◽  
O.S. Sirotkin
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Scientific Foundation ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Multilevel Classification ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mixed Types

Modern scientific foundation for the unification of methods of control and analysis of structural features and practically important properties of various metallic and non-metallic polymeric, ceramic materials are considered. Within the framework of improving materials' control and analysis methods through taking into account the effects of chemical elemental composition on their structure and properties, a new fundamental approach was developed. This method, unlike others, is applicable to both metals and non-metals, and implies considering the impact of both the composition and the type of chemical bonding on structure and properties of materials. This was done on the basis of a unified multilevel classification of structure of metallic and non-metallic materials, the use of a unified model and system of chemical bonds and compounds, which allowed evaluating the effect of mixed types of chemical bonds on characteristics of their multilevel structure and properties.

scholarly journals NEW BAYESIAN RADIOCARBON MODELS AND CERAMIC CHRONOLOGIES FOR EARLY BRONZE IV TELL ABU EN-NI‘AJ AND MIDDLE BRONZE AGE TELL EL-HAYYAT, JORDAN

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Patricia L Fall ◽  
Steven E Falconer ◽  
Felix Höflmayer
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Regional Pattern ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Ams Dates ◽  
Northern Jordan

ABSTRACT We present two new Bayesian 14C models using IntCal20 that incorporate 17 new calibrated AMS ages for Early Bronze IV Tell Abu en-Ni‘aj and Middle Bronze Age Tell el-Hayyat, located in the northern Jordan Valley, Jordan. These freshly augmented suites of carbonized seed dates now include 25 AMS dates from Tell Abu en-Ni‘aj and 31 AMS dates from Tell el-Hayyat. The modeled founding date for Tell Abu en-Ni‘aj strengthens an emerging high chronology for Early Bronze IV starting by 2500 cal BC, while the end of its habitation by 2200 cal BC may exemplify a regional pattern of increasingly pervasive abandonment among late Early Bronze IV settlements in the Southern Levant. In turn, our modeled date for the Early Bronze IV/Middle Bronze Age transition at Tell el-Hayyat around 1900 cal BC pushes this interface about a century later than surmised traditionally, and its abandonment in Middle Bronze III marks an unexpectedly early end date before 1600 cal BC. These inferences, which coordinate Bayesian AMS models and typological ceramic sequences for Tell Abu en-Ni‘aj and Tell el-Hayyat, contribute to an ongoing revision of Early and Middle Bronze Age Levantine chronologies and uncoupling of their attendant interpretive links between the Southern Levant and Egypt.

A Radiocarbon Sequence from Tell Abu en-Ni‘aj, Jordan and its Implications for Early Bronze IV Chronology in the Southern Levant

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E Falconer ◽  
Patricia L Fall
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Northern Jordan

AbstractTell Abu en-Ni‘aj, an agrarian Early Bronze IV village in the northern Jordan Valley, Jordan, provides a series of 24 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) seed dates spanning seven stratified phases of occupation. Bayesian analysis of these ages reveals that habitation at Tell Abu en-Ni‘aj began between 2600 and 2500 cal BC and ended just before 2000 cal BC. This sequence provides the longest radiocarbon record of occupation for an Early Bronze IV settlement in the southern Levant and pushes the beginning of the Levantine Early Bronze IV earlier than proposed previously. When integrated with14C dates from an array of sites in the southern Levant, Egypt, and Lebanon, this evidence aligns with recent14C-based chronologies calling for earlier ages for Early Bronze I–III, details Early Bronze IV chronology through the course of this period, and corroborates the date of the Early Bronze IV/Middle Bronze Age transition ~2000 cal BC.

Distribution, classification, petrological and related gochemical (SRA) characteristics of a tropical lowland peat dome in the Kota Samarahan-Asajaya area, West Sarawak, Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Zulkifley ◽  
Ng Fatt ◽  
Wan Abdullah ◽  
John Raj ◽  
S. Paramanathan Param ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Lateral Variation ◽  
Tropical Lowland ◽  
Mixed Types ◽  
Lateral Variations ◽  
Vegetation Variation ◽  
Basin Margin

AbstractPetrographic studies indicate that lateral variations in the decomposition levels of peat are associated with the predominantly occurring peat macerals. Source Rock Analyzer (SRA) results indicate lateral variation in peat organic matter types from type II to III and back again to type II, occurring laterally within the top 0-m to 0.5-m layer at the basin margin to the midsection and further towards the near-center areas of the peat dome. This variation is most likely caused by a combination of factors: (a) Horizontal zonation and lateral variation of the dominant species of plant assemblages (b) Fibric (marginal) peats and hemic to sapric peats associated with type II organic matter (kerogen). Sample organic matter (coal-equivalent kerogen) typing indicates that the relative abundance of phytoclasts and palynomorphs generally supports the organic matter classification obtained by the SRA method. Lateral variations in the peat organic matter types may support the lateral vegetation variation concept. The classification of peat organic matter types (interpreted from visual analyses of palynological slides) occurring from the basin periphery to the mid-section and further towards the basin center yields organic matter of type II to type III and mixed types II to III (coal kerogen-equivalent), respectively.

scholarly journals Types of Compound Word-Formation in Medical Terminology (On the Material of the German Language)

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Marina Nosacheva ◽  
Nataliya Danilina
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Compound Word ◽  
German Language ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Accurate Comparison ◽  
Clinical Terminology ◽  
Mixed Types

The aim of the study is to optimize the classification of the types of the compound word-building with components of Greek and Latin origin; the research is based on the sample of 2882 substantive compound terms of the German clinical terminology. The researches apply the descriptive analytical and quantitative methods to the study. It is stated, that the words with complex morphemic structures can be formed by composite and non-composite types of word-building. The paper presents the complex classification of different ways of the compound word-formation considering following criteria: the type and the base of the word-formation process (morphological and morphological-and-syntactic ways of the compound word-formation), the number of the word-building processes, taking place within the compound word-formation (pure and mixed types of the compound word-formation). The analysis of the material reveals the dominance of the morphological compound word-building. In the medical terminology the following subtypes of the compound word-formation are distinguished: stem + terminological element, term + term, stem + term, with the latter two to be the most productive.The use of terminological units as structural elements of compounds and their employment in classification allows to avoid excessive extension of stock of morphemes used in the so-called intermediate zone. Further arrangement of word-building patterns is carried out according to the genetic criterion. In German clinical terminology the dominance of hybrid terms with German components has been established; among homogeneous compounds the terms consisting of Greek rather than Latin or German components are more widely represented. The proposed classifications are applicable to the material of medical terminologies in other languages and enable their accurate comparison.

scholarly journals ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE STREPTOTHRICES, PARTICULARLY IN THEIR RELATION TO BACTERIA

1913 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith J. Claypole
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Parent Stock ◽  
Real Relation ◽  
Variable Morphology ◽  
Common Genus ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Mixed Types

It is impossible from any point of view, morphological, biological or serological, to draw a sharp dividing line in this series. The forms change gradually from the mycelial organism to the bacillary, acid-fast organism. It is biologically a group complex and should be so considered. No doubt experiments with a larger series of species would yield results giving a possibility of closer classification and the introduction of some of the forms now in a debatable position, as Bacillus diphtheriæ and Bacillus mallei, and other organisms, sometimes called, on account of their morphological irregularities, corynebacterium and mycobacterium, would help to show their real relation to both the Streptothrices and the true bacteria. The latter in many ways are acknowledged to be far from primitive; their endospores, flagella, and food habits all indicate a relatively high degree of specialization. Hence it would seem biologically more reasonable to look upon this group of Streptothrices with their variable morphology and close relationships as representing the ancestral type that gave rise to both the higher fungi and true bacteria, and not as being themselves higher bacteria. The various bacteria, other than the acid-fast forms, can readily have arisen from the non-acid-fast bacillary types, or even as non-acid-fast specializations of the mixed types. All the various forms shown at present by the bacteria,—cocci, spirilla, bacilli, etc.,—either separate or in chains and masses, are to be recognized in this group, and specializations in one or another line in the past would readily have given rise to the types we consider true bacteria. The processes of evolution have carried them far away from the parent stock and made them into this group. The recognition of this group complex and of the intermediate forms indicates clearly the past history and present relations of these interesting organisms. These relations may be represented by the following scheme. See PDF for Structure It is probable that the relation between the acid-fast organisms and the Streptothrices is a closer one than that between the Streptothrices and the bacteria, perhaps close enough to warrant a common genus for both.

Note on the spectral classification of carbon stars in the photographic infrared region

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Y. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Region ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Carbon Stars

We have investigated the spectrograms (dispersion: 8Å/mm) in the photographic infrared region fromλ7500 toλ9000 of some carbon stars obtained by the coudé spectrograph of the 74-inch reflector attached to the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. The names of the stars investigated are listed in Table 1.

Diagnostic Value of Electron Microscopy in Soft Tissue Tumors

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Gerald Fine ◽  
Azorides R. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myxoma ◽  
Osteogenic Sarcoma ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Good Agreement

For years the separation of carcinoma and sarcoma and the subclassification of sarcomas has been based on the appearance of the tumor cells and their microscopic growth pattern and information derived from certain histochemical and special stains. Although this method of study has produced good agreement among pathologists in the separation of carcinoma from sarcoma, it has given less uniform results in the subclassification of sarcomas. There remain examples of neoplasms of different histogenesis, the classification of which is questionable because of similar cytologic and growth patterns at the light microscopic level; i.e. amelanotic melanoma versus carcinoma and occasionally sarcoma, sarcomas with an epithelial pattern of growth simulating carcinoma, histologically similar mesenchymal tumors of different histogenesis (histiocytoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma, lytic osteogenic sarcoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma), and myxomatous mesenchymal tumors of diverse histogenesis (myxoid rhabdo and liposarcomas, cardiac myxoma, myxoid neurofibroma, etc.)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document