scholarly journals Investigation of the Pharmacological Properties of Lepidagathis hyalina Nees through Experimental Approaches

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Fowzul Islam Fahad ◽  
Niloy Barua ◽  
Md. Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Syed Al Jawad Sayem ◽  
Koushik Barua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Dose Dependent

Lepidagathis hyalina Nees is used locally in Ayurvedic medicine to treat coughs and cardiovascular diseases. This study explored its pharmacological potential through in vivo and in vitro approaches for the metabolites extracted (methanolic) from the stems of L. hyalina. A qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of numerous secondary metabolites. The methanol extract of L. hyalina stems (MELHS) showed a strong antioxidative activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assays, and in the quantitative (phenolic and flavonoid) assay. Clot lysis and brine shrimp lethality bioassays were applied to investigate the thrombolytic and cytotoxic activities, respectively. MELHS exhibited an expressive percentage of clot lysis (33.98%) with a moderately toxic (115.11 μg/mL) effect. The in vivo anxiolytic activity was studied by an elevated plus maze test, whereas the antidepressant activity was examined by a tail suspension test and forced swimming test. During the anxiolytic evaluation, MELHS exhibited a significant dose-dependent reduction of anxiety, in which the 400 mg/kg dose of the extract showed 78.77 ± 4.42% time spent in the open arm in the elevated plus maze test. In addition, MELHS demonstrated dose-dependent and significant activities in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test, whereas the 400 mg/kg dose of the extract showed 87.67 ± 6.40% and 83.33 ± 6.39% inhibition of immobile time, respectively. Therefore, the current study suggests that L. hyalina could be a potential source of anti-oxidative, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, anxiolytic, and antidepressant agents. Further study is needed to determine the mechanism behind the bioactivities.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Promotes Proliferation of Amplifying Neural Progenitors and Preserves Quiescent Neural Progenitors from Apoptosis to Alleviate Depressive-Like and Anxiety-Like Behaviours

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Na Yue ◽  
Xiaocang Zhu ◽  
Qiuqin Han ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Neural Progenitors ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Stress ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Behavioural Tests

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours and neural progenitors in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) rat model of depression. After being exposed to a CUS procedure for 2 weeks, rats were subjected to EA treatment, which was performed on acupoints Du-20 (Bai-Hui) and GB-34 (Yang-Ling-Quan), once every other day for 15 consecutive days (including 8 treatments), with each treatment lasting for 30 min. The behavioural tests (i.e., forced swimming test, elevated plus-maze test, and open-field entries test) revealed that EA alleviated the depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours of the stressed rats. Immunohistochemical results showed that proliferative cells (BrdU-positive) in the EA group were significantly larger in number compared with the Model group. Further, the results showed that EA significantly promoted the proliferation of amplifying neural progenitors (ANPs) and simultaneously inhibited the apoptosis of quiescent neural progenitors (QNPs). In a word, the mechanism underlying the antidepressant-like effects of EA is associated with enhancement of ANPs proliferation and preserving QNPs from apoptosis.

scholarly journals First Evidence for an Anxiolytic Effect of a Diterpenoid from Salvia Cinnabarina

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Maione ◽  
Maria Camela Bonito ◽  
Mariantonella Colucci ◽  
Virginia Cozzolino ◽  
Angela Bisio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Spontaneous Motor Activity ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Sedative Activity ◽  
Swimming Test

The potential anxiolytic and anti-depressive activity of CMP1 was studied in the elevated plus-maze test and in the forced swimming test. Furthermore, CMP1 sedative activity was evaluated in pentobarbital treated animals; the effect of CMP1 on spontaneous motor activity (total locomotion) was also evaluated. Our data show that CMP1, at doses that did not affect locomotion, was able to induce anxiolytic and sedative, but not anti-depressive effects. In conclusion, our results represent first evidence for an anxiolytic activity of this diterpenoid from Salvia cinnabarina.

scholarly journals Dose-Dependent, Antidepressant, and Anxiolytic Effects of a Traditional Medicinal Plant for the Management of Behavioral Dysfunctions in Animal Models

Dose-Response ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581989126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Asif ◽  
Abdul Hayee ◽  
Muhammad Rahil Aslam ◽  
Khalil Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Sattar Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present work was carried out to assess the Onosma bracteatum anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. Swiss albino mice (male) were fed orally with hydroalcoholic extract at different doses 50, 100, and 200 mg 1 hour prior to test with the standard diazepam and fluoxetine. Anxiolytic and antidepressant activities were evaluated by using open field, elevated plus maze, force swimming, and tail suspension test. Results of open field test showed an increase in number of line crossing as well as number of rearing in dosage-dependent design. Although results of elevated plus maze test evidently showed antianxiety effect of O bracteatum by increasing the time spent in open arms along with decreasing the time spent in closed arms in dosage-dependent way. For the evaluation of antidepressant effect, O bracteatum diminished the immobility time and expanded mobility time in forced swim model in dosage-dependent way. Likewise, O bracteatum expanded time span of mobility along with diminished immobility time in tail suspension method in dosage-dependent way. Outcome demonstrated that plant at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight showed significant potential which was similar to that standard diazepam and fluoxetine. Hence, O bracteatum may be used as potent natural psychotherapeutic agent against the mental disorders.

scholarly journals CARBAMAZEPINE LOADED VESICULAR STRUCTURES FOR ENHANCED BRAIN TARGETING VIA INTRANASAL ROUTE: OPTIMIZATION, IN VITRO EVALUATION, AND IN VIVO STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 264-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
GHADA E. YASSIN ◽  
REHAM I. AMER ◽  
AHMED M. FAYEZ
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
Vesicular Structure ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
The Brain

Objective: Carbamazepine (CBZ) is used as a first line in the treatment of grand mal and partial seizures, but it suffers from many side effects on different systems of the body. The objective of the present study was optimization of CBZ vesicular structures using 23 multifactorial design for the most efficient targeting of CBZ to the brain via the intranasal route. Methods: The concentration of CBZ (10 and 20%), type of vesicles (niosomes and spanlastics) and speed of rotation (200 and 300 rpm) were considered as the independent variables XA, XB and XC respectively, while the dependent variables were particle size PS (Y1), polydispersity index PDI (Y2), zeta potential ZP (Y3) and entrapment efficiency EE (Y4). The study of the effect of different formulation variables was carried out using Design-Expert ® software. CBZ-loaded spanlastics and noisome were prepared by the ethanol injection method and thin film hydration method, respectively. The optimized formulation was subjected to viscosity measurement, in vitro drug release and physical stability studies. In vivo evaluations in rats for the optimized formulation in comparison to oral CBZ suspension was carried out using behavioral assessment by elevated plus maze test, determination of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and ELISA estimation of TNFα. Results: The selected optimized formulation (F0) containing 20% CBZ and spanlastic vesicular structure showed PS, PDI, ZP, and the EE % of 350.09 nm, 0.830, 16.124mV and 82.777%, respectively. In vitro release study of F0 demonstrated the ability of the F0 to increase drug release in the range time from 10-60 min (p<0.05) when compared with CBZ suspension. The viscosity of F0 was nearly uniform (65 cps). The photomicrograph taken by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals the spherical shape of F0. Good physical stability for six months of storage at 25˚ C was found for F0. The optimized spanlastic formulation F0 showed a decrease in latency time in behavior assessment test using elevated plus Maze test, a decrease in serum eNOS and TNF-α and increase in GSH when compared with the oral CBZ suspension, in addition to the histopathological study that revealed the more CBZ uptake by the brain. Conclusion: The optimized spanlastic formulation F0 achieved better results when compared with the oral CBZ suspension for targeting the CBZ spanlastics vesicular structure to the brain via the nasal route.

scholarly journals “We are antidepressant also”: aspirin and diclofenac sodium

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Meera Sumanth ◽  
Prajwala R. Khapale
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time

Background: Many studies have indicated that inflammation and depression are associated with each other. Present study was taken up to prove antidepressant effect of aspirin and diclofenac sodium.Methods: The present study was divided into 6 phases with 5 groups of animals N=10. In study 1, C57Bl mice were used and in remaining 4 studies swiss albino mice. Amitriptyline was standard drug used. For each study first group of animals was treated with a saline solution 1ml P.O., and second group of animals injected with 0.1 ml of 2% formalin. In group 3, 4, 5 animals depression was produced by stressors and treated with aspirin 14mg/kg P.O., diclofenac sod. 10 mg/kg P.O. and amitriptyline 10 mg/kg P.O., respectively. Antidepressant activity of aspirin and diclofenac sodium was determined by using forced swim test, tail suspension test, elevated plus maze test and light dark box test. Inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α) and central neurotransmitters (5-HT, NE, Ach) were estimated.Results: In light dark box test, latency of first crossing, time spent in dark area were decreased and no. of crossing increased significantly in the aspirin, diclofenac sod. treated animals. In forced swim test, the immobility time was decreased. Swiss albino mice treated with aspirin, diclofenac sod. showed decreased concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α and increased concentration of serotonin, nor epinephrine and acetylcholine. In elevated plus maze test, no. of open arm, closed arm entries, time spent in open arm increased and time spent in closed arm decreased. In tail suspension test immobility time was decreased.Conclusions: Aspirin and diclofenac sodium has antidepressant activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Neuropharmacological Activities of Methanolic Extract of Bacopa monnieri L. in Mice Model

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Bacopa Monnieri ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Swimming Test

Now-a-days, the use of natural products has increased its popularity day by day all over the world. One of the most effective therapeutic medicinal plants is Bacopa monnieri. In the current study, the methanolic distillate of B. monnieri was designed for an antidepressant in mice models. B. monnieri was evaluated for anti-depressant venture in the forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and elevated plus maze test. In force swimming test, imipramine (30 mg/kg) used as a standard drug and in TST as well as elevated plus maze test, diazepam (10 mg/kg) used as a standard and the plant extract (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) was administered as test group and the control group was given deionized water. In this test, the test extracts (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) compare to both control and standard group. The higher dose (200 mg/kg) represented a more significant effect than a dose of 100 mg/kg. In comparison to the standard and control, at dose 200 mg/kg represented a more significant effect at p<0.05 among three of the test.

scholarly journals N-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-[3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H- benzimidazol-1-yl)propyl]piperidine-4-Carboxamide (D2AAK4), a Multi-Target Ligand of Aminergic GPCRs, as a Potential Antipsychotic

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Agnieszka A. Kaczor ◽  
Katarzyna M. Targowska-Duda ◽  
Andrea G. Silva ◽  
Magda Kondej ◽  
Grażyna Biała ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Antipsychotic Activity ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
G Protein Coupled

N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-[3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol -1-yl)propyl]piperidine-4-carboxamide (D2AAK4) is a multitarget ligand of aminergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) identified in structure-based virtual screening. Here we present detailed in vitro, in silico and in vivo investigations of this virtual hit. D2AAK4 has an atypical antipsychotic profile and low affinity to off-targets. It interacts with aminergic GPCRs, forming an electrostatic interaction between its protonatable nitrogen atom and the conserved Asp 3.32 of the receptors. At the dose of 100 mg/kg D2AAK4 decreases amphetamine-induced hyperactivity predictive of antipsychotic activity, improves memory consolidation in passive avoidance test and has anxiogenic properties in elevated plus maze test (EPM). Further optimization of the virtual hit D2AAK4 will be aimed to balance its multitarget profile and to obtain analogs with anxiolytic activity.

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