scholarly journals The Effect of Fat Distribution on the Inflammatory Response of Multiple Trauma Patients—A Retrospective Study

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1243
Author(s):  
Zhaoxiong Chen ◽  
Silvan Wittenberg ◽  
Timo Alexander Auer ◽  
Maxim Bashkuev ◽  
Pimrapat Gebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Independent Factor ◽  
Polytrauma Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Objectives In recent years; increasing evidence pointed out the clinical importance of adipose tissue (AT) distribution in various patient populations. In particular, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), when compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), was found to play a pivotal role in the development of inflammatory reaction. The aim of the present study was to examine whether body fat distribution has an impact on the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in patients with polytrauma. Methods In our retrospective study; we filtered our institution records of the German Trauma Registry (Trauma Register DGU) from November 2018 to April 2021 and included 132 adult polytrauma patients with injury severity score (ISS) >16. Subsequently; we measured the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue area based on whole-body CT scan and calculated the ratio of VAT to SAT (VSr). Thereafter, the patient population was evenly divided into three groups; respectively VSr value less than 0.4 for the first group (low ratio), 0.4–0.84 for the second group (intermediate ratio), and greater than 0.84 for the third group (high ratio). Considering the other influencing factors; the groups were further divided into subgroups in the respective analysis according to gender (male/female), BMI (<25 or ≥25), and ISS (<26 or ≥26). Result VSr was an independent factor from body mass index (BMI) (r2 = 0.003; p = 0.553). VSr in male patients was significantly higher (p < 0.001). Patients with low VSr had higher ISS scores (p = 0.028). Polytrauma patients with higher VSr tended to have lower SIRS scores and significant differences of SIRS score were found on multiple days during the whole hospitalization period. In the low VAT/SAT group, male patients, and patients with BMI greater than 25, both exhibited higher SIRS scores during hospital stay (day 16: p = 0.01; day 22: p = 0.048 and p = 0.011; respectively). During hospitalization, patients with higher ISS score (≥26) in the low VSr group was found to have higher SIRS score (day 16; p = 0.007). Over the hospital stay; serum markers of CRP; CK; and leukocyte in patients with low VSr were higher than those in patients in the intermediate and high VSr groups; with significant difference discovered on multiple days (day 16: 0.014; day 22: p = 0.048). Conclusion Lower VSr is associated with increased inflammatory response and worse clinical outcome in patients with polytrauma. Furthermore; VSr is an independent factor providing additional information to BMI.

scholarly journals Visceral Adiposity Associates With Malnutrition Risk Determined by Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool in Cirrhosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Yifan Li ◽  
Mingyu Sun ◽  
Gaoyue Guo ◽  
Wanting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Royal Free Hospital ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Adipose Tissue ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Mounting evidence has suggested the clinical significance of body composition abnormalities in the context of cirrhosis. Herein, we aimed to investigate the association between visceral adiposity and malnutrition risk in 176 hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. The adiposity parameters were obtained by computed tomography (CT) as follows: total adipose tissue index (TATI), visceral adipose tissue index (VATI), subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI), and visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR). Malnutrition risk was screened using Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT). Visceral adiposity was determined given a higher VSR based on our previously established cutoffs. Multivariate analysis implicated that male gender (OR = 2.884, 95% CI: 1.360–6.115, p = 0.006), BMI (OR = 0.879, 95% CI: 0.812–0.951, P = 0.001), albumin (OR = 0.934, 95% CI: 0.882–0.989, P = 0.019), and visceral adiposity (OR = 3.413, 95% CI: 1.344–8.670, P = 0.010) were independent risk factors of malnutrition risk. No significant difference was observed regarding TATI, SATI, and VATI among patients with low or moderate and high risk of malnutrition. In contrast, the proportion of male patients embracing visceral adiposity was higher in high malnutrition risk group compared with that in low or moderate group (47.27 vs. 17.86%, p = 0.009). Moreover, this disparity was of borderline statistical significance in women (19.05 vs. 5.88%, p = 0.061). Assessing adipose tissue distribution might potentiate the estimation of malnutrition risk in cirrhotics. It is pivotal to recognize visceral adiposity and develop targeted therapeutic strategies.

Subcutaneous adipose tissue as a biomarker of pancreatic cancer: A pilot study in male patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Greco ◽  
CarloAugusto Mallio ◽  
Vincenzo Cirimele ◽  
RosarioFrancesco Grasso ◽  
BrunoBeomonte Zobel
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Pattern in Lean and Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2003 ◽  
Vol 228 (6) ◽  
pp. 710-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tafeit ◽  
R. Möller ◽  
S. Rackl ◽  
A. Giuliani ◽  
W. Urdl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The new optical device, Lipometer, permits the noninvasive, quick, safe, and precise measurement of the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) layers at any given site of the human body. Fifteen anatomically well-defined body sites from neck to calf describe the SAT topography (SAT-Top) like an individual “fingerprint.” SAT-Top was examined in 33 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in 87 age-matched healthy controls and in 20 Type-II diabetic women. SAT-Top differences of these three groups were described, and, based on a hierarchical cluster analysis, two distinctly different groups of PCOS women, a lean (PCOSL) and an obese (PCOSO) cluster, were found. For visual comparison of the different types of body fat distribution, the 15-dimensional body fat information was condensed to a two-dimensional factor plot by factor analysis. For comparison of the PCOS like body fat distribution with the “healthy” fat pattern, the (previously published) SAT-Top results of 590 healthy women and men (20-70 years old) and 162 healthy girls and boys (7-11 years old) were added to the factor plot. PCOSO women showed a SAT-Top pattern very similar to that of women with Type-II diabetes, even though the diabetic women were on average 30 years older. Compared with their healthy controls, SAT-Top of these PCOSO patients was strongly skewed into the android direction, providing significantly decreased leg SAT development and significantly higher upper body obesity. Compared with healthy women, PCOSL patients had significantly lower total SAT development (even though height, weight, and body mass index did not deviate significantly), showing a slightly lowered amount of body fat in the upper region and a highly significant leg SAT reduction. This type of fat pattern is the same as found in girls and boys before developing their sex specific body fat distribution. We conclude that women with PCOS develop an android SAT-Top, but compared in more detail, we found two typical types of body fat distribution: the “childlike” SAT pattern in lean PCOS patients, and the “diabetic” body fat distribution in obese PCOS women.

scholarly journals Colocalization of GWAS and eQTL signals at loci with multiple signals identifies additional candidate genes for body fat distribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (24) ◽  
pp. 4161-4172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wu ◽  
K Alaine Broadaway ◽  
Chelsea K Raulerson ◽  
Laura J Scott ◽  
Calvin Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Conditional Analysis ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Causal Variants ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Integration of genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies enables identification of candidate genes. However, evaluating whether nearby signals may share causal variants, termed colocalization, is affected by the presence of allelic heterogeneity, different variants at the same locus impacting the same phenotype. We previously identified eQTL in subcutaneous adipose tissue from 770 participants in the Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) study and detected 15 eQTL signals that colocalized with GWAS signals for waist–hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (WHRadjBMI) from the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits consortium. Here, we reevaluated evidence of colocalization using two approaches, conditional analysis and the Bayesian test COLOC, and show that providing COLOC with approximate conditional summary statistics at multi-signal GWAS loci can reconcile disagreements in colocalization classification between the two tests. Next, we performed conditional analysis on the METSIM subcutaneous adipose tissue data to identify conditionally distinct or secondary eQTL signals. We used the two approaches to test for colocalization with WHRadjBMI GWAS signals and evaluated the differences in colocalization classification between the two tests. Through these analyses, we identified four GWAS signals colocalized with secondary eQTL signals for FAM13A, SSR3, GRB14 and FMO1. Thus, at loci with multiple eQTL and/or GWAS signals, analyzing each signal independently enabled additional candidate genes to be identified.

scholarly journals Archaic adaptive introgression in TBX15/WARS2

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Racimo ◽  
David Gokhman ◽  
Matteo Fumagalli ◽  
Amy Ko ◽  
Torben Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Adaptive Introgression ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Divergent Haplotype ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Genome Wide Scan

AbstractA recent study conducted the first genome-wide scan for selection in Inuit from Greenland using SNP chip data. Here, we report that selection in the region with the second most extreme signal of positive selection in Greenlandic Inuit favored a deeply divergent haplotype that is closely related to the sequence in the Denisovan genome, and was likely introgressed from an archaic population. The region contains two genes, WARS2 and TBX15, and has previously been associated with adipose tissue differentiation and body-fat distribution in humans. We show that the adaptively introgressed allele has been under selection in a much larger geographic region than just Greenland. Furthermore, it is associated with changes in expression of WARS2 and TBX15 in multiple tissues including the adrenal gland and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and with regional DNA methylation changes in TBX15.

Differences of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Topography Between Type-2 Diabetic Men and Healthy Controls

2002 ◽  
Vol 227 (9) ◽  
pp. 794-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate Horejsi ◽  
Reinhard Möller ◽  
Thomas R. Pieber ◽  
Sandra Wallner ◽  
Karl Sudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Men with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) provide a different subcutaneous body fat distribution and a concentration of fatness on the upper trunk compared with healthy subjects. However, subcutaneous fat distribution is always measured in an inaccurate and/or very simplified way (e.g., by caliper), and to date, there exists no study reporting on the exact and complete subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution of type 2 DM men. A new optical device, the LIPOMETER, enables the nonivasive, quick, and safe determination of the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue layers at any given site of the human body. The specification of 15 evenly distributed body sites allows the precise measurement of subcutaneous body fat distribution, so-called subcutaneous adipose tissue topography (SAT-Top). SAT-Tops of 21 men with clinically proven type 2 DM (mean age of 57.5 ± 6.7 years) and 111 healthy controls of similar age (mean age 59.0 ± 5.4 years) were measured. In this paper, we describe the precise SAT-Top differences of these two groups and we present the multidimensional SAT-Top information condensed in a two-dimensional factor value plot. In type 2 DM men, especially in the upper trunk, SAT-Top is significantly increased (up to +50.7% at the neck) compared with their healthy controls. One hundred eleven of the 132 individuals (84.1%) are correctly classified (healthy or type 2 DM) by their subcutaneous fat pattern by stepwise discriminant analysis.

Increased Thickness of Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Occurs More Frequently in Steatohepatitis Than in Simple Steatosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
pp. 642-646
Author(s):  
M. Isabel Fiel ◽  
Hamid Reza Sima ◽  
Garrett Desman ◽  
Amirabbas Azarian ◽  
Patrick Lento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Simple Steatosis ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Context.—The incidence of obesity is increasing and contributes to the rising incidence of fatty liver. Body mass index (BMI) is used to assess the degree of obesity but does not take into account the pattern of body fat distribution. Objectives.—To confirm the increasing incidence of fatty liver in an autopsy study. We hypothesized that a standardized measurement of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) might be a good noninvasive method for differentiating steatohepatitis from steatosis. Design.—Consecutive complete adult postmortem cases were studied and liver sections were assessed with a steatohepatitis scoring system. Spleen weight, ASAT, and clinical information were obtained. Spleen histology was assessed in a subset of patients having splenomegaly in the absence of cirrhosis. Results.—Patients with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, and appreciable alcohol use were excluded. Of 306 cases, the frequency of fatty liver was 51.6% with 33.3% having simple steatosis and 18.3%, having steatohepatitis. Mean ASAT was 3.7 cm in the steatohepatitis group versus 2.6 cm in the steatosis group (P &lt; .001); this difference was greater in patients with a BMI less than 25 kg/m2 (P = .05). Fibrocongestive splenomegaly was noted in 9 of 38 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (24%) in the absence of cirrhosis. Conclusions.—In this series of autopsy cases, a dramatic increase in the prevalence of fatty liver disease is demonstrated. Thicker ASAT is associated more with steatohepatitis than with simple steatosis, especially in patients with BMI below 25 kg/m2. Fibrocongestive splenomegaly may occur in the absence of cirrhosis in the presence of steatohepatitis.

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