scholarly journals Effects of Pre-Term Birth on the Cardio-Respiratory Responses to Hypoxic Exercise in Children

Life ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Narang ◽  
Giorgio Manferdelli ◽  
Katja Kepic ◽  
Alexandros Sotiridis ◽  
Damjan Osredkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Hypoxic Exercise

Pre-term birth is associated with numerous cardio-respiratory sequelae in children. Whether these impairments impact the responses to exercise in normoxia or hypoxia remains to be established. Fourteen prematurely-born (PREM) (Mean ± SD; gestational age 29 ± 2 weeks; age 9.5 ± 0.3 years), and 15 full-term children (CONT) (gestational age 39 ± 1 weeks; age 9.7 ± 0.9 years), underwent incremental exercise tests to exhaustion in normoxia (FiO2 = 20.9%) and normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = 13.2%) on a cycle ergometer. Cardio-respiratory variables were measured throughout. Peak power output was higher in normoxia than hypoxia (103 ± 17 vs. 77 ± 18 W; p < 0.001), with no difference between CONT and PREM (94 ± 23 vs. 86 ± 19 W; p = 0.154). V̇O2peak was higher in normoxia than hypoxia in CONT (50.8 ± 7.2 vs. 43.8 ± 9.9 mL·kg−1·min−1; p < 0.001) but not in PREM (48.1 ± 7.5 vs. 45.0 ± 6.8 mL·kg−1·min−1; p = 0.137; interaction p = 0.044). Higher peak heart rate (187 ± 11 vs. 180 ± 10 bpm; p = 0.005) and lower stroke volume (72 ± 13 vs. 77 ± 14 mL; p = 0.004) were observed in normoxia versus hypoxia in CONT, with no such differences in PREM (p = 0.218 and > 0.999, respectively). In conclusion, premature birth does not appear to exacerbate the negative effect of hypoxia on exercise capacity in children. Further research is warranted to identify whether prematurity elicits a protective effect, and to clarify the potential underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals No Influence of Nonivamide-nicoboxil on the Peak Power Output in Competitive Sportsmen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Schörkmaier ◽  
Yvonne Wahl ◽  
Christian Brinkmann ◽  
Wilhelm Bloch ◽  
Patrick Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Placebo Cream

AbstractRecent studies have shown that the oxygenated hemoglobin level can be enhanced during rest through the application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream. However, the effect of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream on oxygenation and endurance performance under hypoxic conditions is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream on local muscle oxygenation and endurance performance under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In a cross-over design, 13 athletes (experienced cyclists or triathletes [age: 25.2±3.5 years; VO2max 62.1±7.3 mL·min−1·kg−1]) performed four incremental exercise tests on the cycle ergometer under normoxic or hypoxic conditions, either with nonivamide-nicoboxil or placebo cream. Muscle oxygenation was recorded with near-infrared spectroscopy. Capillary blood samples were taken after each step, and spirometric data were recorded continuously. The application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream increased muscle oxygenation at rest and during different submaximal workloads as well as during physical exhaustion, irrespective of normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Overall, there were no significant effects of nonivamide-nicoboxil on peak power output, maximal oxygen uptake or lactate concentrations. Muscle oxygenation is significantly higher with the application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream. However, its application does not increase endurance performance.

A Prediction Model for Peak Power Output From Different Incremental Exercise Tests

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Luttikholt ◽  
Lars R. McNaughton ◽  
Adrian W. Midgley ◽  
David J. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Incremental Exercise ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Power Profile ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Context:There is currently no model that predicts peak power output (PPO) thereby allowing comparison between different incremental exercise test (EXT) protocols. In this study we have used the critical power profile to develop a mathematical model for predicting PPO from the results of different EXTs.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the level of agreement between actual PPO values and those predicted from the new model.Methods:Eleven male athletes (age 25 ± 5 years, VO2max 62 ± 8 mL · kg–1 · min–1) completed 3 laboratory tests on a cycle ergometer. Each test comprised an EXT consisting of 1-minute workload increments of 30 W (EXT30/1) and 3-minute (EXT25/3) and 5-minute workload increments (EXT25/5) of 25 W. The PPO determined from each test was used to predict the PPO from the remaining 2 EXTs.Results:The differences between actual and predicted PPO values were statistically insignificant (P > .05). The random error components of the limits of agreement of ≤30 W also indicated acceptable levels of agreement between actual and predicted PPO values.Conclusions:Further data collection is necessary to confirm whether the model is able to predict PPO over a wide range of EXT protocols in athletes of different aerobic and anaerobic capacities.

scholarly journals Vitamin D is associated with cardiopulmonary exercise capacity: results of two independent cohorts of healthy adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kaul ◽  
S. Gläser ◽  
A. Hannemann ◽  
C. Schäper ◽  
M. Nauck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity

AbstractVitamin D has an important role in calcium homeostasis and is known to have various health-promoting effects. Moreover, potential interactions between vitamin D and physical activity have been suggested. This study aims to investigate the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and exercise capacity quantified by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). For this, 1377 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-1) and 750 participants from the independent SHIP-TREND cohort were investigated. Standardised incremental exercise tests on a cycle ergometer were performed to assess exercise capacity by VO2 at anaerobic threshold, peakVO2, O2 pulse and peak power output. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured by an automated chemiluminescence immunoassay. In SHIP-1, 25(OH)D levels were positively associated with all considered parameters of cardiopulmonary exercise capacity. Subjects with high 25(OH)D levels (4th quartile) showed an up to 25 % higher exercise capacity compared with subjects with low 25(OH)D levels (1st quartile). All associations were replicated in the independent SHIP-TREND cohort and were independent of age, sex, season and other interfering factors. In conclusion, significant positive associations between 25(OH)D and parameters of CPET were detected in two large cohorts of healthy adults.

scholarly journals Influence of Hypohydration on Intermittent Sprint Performance in the Heat

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil S. Maxwell ◽  
Richard W.A. Mackenzie ◽  
David Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Physiological Strain ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Physiological Strain Index

Purpose:To examine the effect of hypohydration on physiological strain and intermittent sprint exercise performance in the heat (35.5 ± 0.6°C, 48.7 ± 3.4% relative humidity).Methods:Eight unacclimatized males (age 23.4 ± 6.2 y, height 1.78 ± 0.04 m, mass 76.8 ± 7.7 kg) undertook three trials, each over two days. On day 1, subjects performed 90 min of exercise/heat-induced dehydration on a cycle ergometer, before following one of three rehydration strategies. On day 2, subjects completed a 36-min cycling intermittent sprint test (IST) with a -0.62 ± 0.74% (euhydrated, EUH), -1.81 (0.99)% (hypohydrated1, HYPO1), or -3.88 ± 0.89% (hypohydrated2, HYPO2) body mass defcit.Results:No difference was observed in average total work (EUH, 3790 ± 556 kJ; HYPO1, 3785 ± 628 kJ; HYPO2, 3647 ± 339 kJ, P = 0.418), or average peak power (EUH, 1315 ± 129 W; HYPO1, 1304 ± 175 W; HYPO2, 1282 ± 128 W, P = 0.356) between conditions on day 2. Total work and peak power output in the sprint immediately following an intense repeated sprint bout during the IST were lower in the HYPO2 condition. Physiological strain index was greater in the HYPO2 vs. the EUH condition, but without changes in metabolic markers.Conclusion:A greater physiological strain was observed with the greatest degree of hypohydration; however, sprint performance only diminished in the most hypohydrated state near the end of the IST, following an intense bout of repeating sprinting.

Validity of cycling peak power as measured by a short-sprint test versus the Wingate anaerobic test

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Del Coso ◽  
Ricardo Mora-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Inertial Load ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Short Recovery Time ◽  
Reliability Performance ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Anaerobic Test

To validate the measurement of peak power output (PPO) using a short cycling sprint test (inertial load (IL) test), we compare it to the widely accepted Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). Fifteen healthy, young, active subjects performed 2 experimental trials. In each trial, subjects warmed up and sprinted 4 times for the IL test. After recovery, they cycled for 30 s at maximum capacity for the WAnT. The experimental trial was replicated 3 d later to test for reliability. Inter- and intra-day PPO measured with the IL test was very reliable (R1 = 0.99 and R1 = 0.94, respectively). The correlation between the IL and WAnT was highly significant (r = 0.82; P < 0.001), although the absolute PPO values were markedly higher for the IL test (1268 ± 41 W vs. 786 ± 27 W; P < 0.001). In conclusion, cycling PPO can be validly assessed with the IL test. The higher PPO attained with an IL test could be related to better identification of peak power, since both velocity and resistance are free to vary during the sprint in comparison with the WAnT, where resistance is fixed. Owing to the short duration of the sprint (4 s) and high intra-day reliability despite a short recovery time (180 s), the IL test is optimal for repeated measurements of anaerobic performance.Key words: inertial load, neuromuscular power, cycle ergometer, intra-day reliability, performance.

scholarly journals Preexercise Cycling Protocol Alters Pacing Behavior in Competitive Time Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1303-1308
Author(s):  
Marco J. Konings ◽  
Florentina J. Hettinga
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The behavior of an opponent has been shown to alter pacing and performance. To advance our understanding of the impact of perceptual stimuli such as an opponent on pacing and performance, this study examined the effect of a preexercise cycling protocol on exercise regulation with and without an opponent. Methods: Twelve trained cyclists performed 4 experimental, self-paced 4-km time-trial conditions on an advanced cycle ergometer in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Participants started the time trial in rested state (RS) or performed a 10-min cycling protocol at 67% peak power output (CP) before the time trial. During the time trials, participants had to ride alone (NO) or against a virtual opponent (OP). The experimental conditions were (1) RS-NO, (2) RS-OP, (3) CP-NO, and (4) CP-OP. Repeated-measures analyses of variance (P < .05) were used to examine differences in pacing and performance in terms of power output. Results: A faster pace was adopted in the first kilometer during RS-OP (318 [72] W) compared with RS-NO (291 [81] W; P = .03), leading to an improved finishing time during RS-OP compared with RS-NO (P = .046). No differences in either pacing or performance were found between CP-NO and CP-OP. Conclusions: The evoked response by the opponent to adopt a faster initial pace in the 4-km time trial disappeared when cyclists had to perform a preceding cycling protocol. The outcomes of this study highlight that perceived exertion alters the responsiveness to perceptual stimuli of cyclists during competition.

scholarly journals Exercise capacity of children with pediatric lung disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
G S Zavorsky ◽  
J R Kryder ◽  
S V Jacob ◽  
A L Coates ◽  
G M Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Pulmonary Impairment ◽  
Progressive Exercise ◽  
Pediatric Lung Disease

Background: Pulmonary function of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is similar at rest even though the mechanisms of injury differ. We sought to compare the peak exercise responses in children with BPD versus CF while controlling for pulmonary impairment, nutritional status, gender, age, height, and predicted forced expired volume in 1 second (~73% of predicted). Methods: Nine BPD children and 9 CF children underwent spirometry and a progressive exercise test to maximum on a cycle ergometer. Results: There was no difference between groups in body mass percentile (CF:97 ± 13%, BPD: 98 ± 11%), peak power output (Wpeak) (CF:67 ± 19 W, BPD:73 ± 28 W), % predicted Wpeak (CF:83 ± 28%, BPD:88 ± 15%), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak, CF: 38 ± 7 ml/kg/min, BPD: 39 ±6 ml/kg/min), or % predicted VO2peak (CF:99 ± 16 %, BPD:96 ± 27%). Conclusions: Children with mild pulmonary impairments are able to achieve a near normal peak power output and a normal VO2peak. Neither the aetiology nor the developmental onset of the process appears to be important influences on VO2peak or Wpeak.

The Influence of Recovery Duration on High-Intensity Exercise Performance After Oral Creatine Supplementation

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Cooke ◽  
William S. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maximal Peak ◽  
Male Subjects

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of creatine supplementation on the ability to reproduce and maintain a high percentage of peak power output during the second of two bouts of high-intensity cycle sprinting following four different recovery intervals. Eighty healthy, active male subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups (creatine or placebo) and one of four recovery intervals (30, 60, 90, or 120 s). Two maximal cycle ergometer sprints, separated by the assigned recovery interval were performed before and after a 5-day supplementation protocol in which 20 g/day of creatine (plus 4 g/day glucose) or 24 g/day glucose placebo were ingested by subjects from creatine and placebo groups, respectively. Maximal peak power output (PP) and the absolute time to fatigue (TTF) were compared pre- versus postsupplementation. No significant group interactions were noted in this study. Specifically, creatine supplementation had no effect on subjects' ability to reproduce or maintain a high percentage of PP during the second bout of exercise. Key words: ergogenic aids, cycle ergometry, short-term fatigue

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