Effect of protocol on peak power output in continuous incremental cycle exercise tests

AbstractRecent studies have shown that the oxygenated hemoglobin level can be enhanced during rest through the application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream. However, the effect of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream on oxygenation and endurance performance under hypoxic conditions is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream on local muscle oxygenation and endurance performance under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In a cross-over design, 13 athletes (experienced cyclists or triathletes [age: 25.2±3.5 years; VO2max 62.1±7.3 mL·min−1·kg−1]) performed four incremental exercise tests on the cycle ergometer under normoxic or hypoxic conditions, either with nonivamide-nicoboxil or placebo cream. Muscle oxygenation was recorded with near-infrared spectroscopy. Capillary blood samples were taken after each step, and spirometric data were recorded continuously. The application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream increased muscle oxygenation at rest and during different submaximal workloads as well as during physical exhaustion, irrespective of normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Overall, there were no significant effects of nonivamide-nicoboxil on peak power output, maximal oxygen uptake or lactate concentrations. Muscle oxygenation is significantly higher with the application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream. However, its application does not increase endurance performance.

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A Prediction Model for Peak Power Output From Different Incremental Exercise Tests

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.1.2.122 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 122-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hans Luttikholt ◽

Lars R. McNaughton ◽

Adrian W. Midgley ◽

David J. Bentley

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Peak Power ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Incremental Exercise ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Exercise Tests ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Power Profile ◽

Wide Range ◽

Level Of Agreement

Context:There is currently no model that predicts peak power output (PPO) thereby allowing comparison between different incremental exercise test (EXT) protocols. In this study we have used the critical power profile to develop a mathematical model for predicting PPO from the results of different EXTs.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the level of agreement between actual PPO values and those predicted from the new model.Methods:Eleven male athletes (age 25 ± 5 years, VO2max 62 ± 8 mL · kg–1 · min–1) completed 3 laboratory tests on a cycle ergometer. Each test comprised an EXT consisting of 1-minute workload increments of 30 W (EXT30/1) and 3-minute (EXT25/3) and 5-minute workload increments (EXT25/5) of 25 W. The PPO determined from each test was used to predict the PPO from the remaining 2 EXTs.Results:The differences between actual and predicted PPO values were statistically insignificant (P > .05). The random error components of the limits of agreement of ≤30 W also indicated acceptable levels of agreement between actual and predicted PPO values.Conclusions:Further data collection is necessary to confirm whether the model is able to predict PPO over a wide range of EXT protocols in athletes of different aerobic and anaerobic capacities.

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Peak Power Output in the Bench Pull Is Maximized After Four Weeks of Specific Power Training

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0000000000001182 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 966-972

Author(s):

Russell I. Jolley ◽

Jon E. Goodwin ◽

Daniel J. Cleather

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Peak Power ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Specific Power ◽

Power Training

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Abstract P134: Preliminary Data: Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Does Not Extend Dry Static Apnea Or Wingate Performance

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.143.suppl_1.p134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Colin Carriker ◽

Phillip Armentrout ◽

Sarah Levine ◽

James Smoliga

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Preliminary Data ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Peak Power ◽

Hold Time ◽

Wingate Test ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Breath Hold ◽

Dietary Nitrate ◽

Nitrate Supplementation

Introduction: Previous studies have examined dietary nitrate supplementation and its effects on dry static apnea, and peak power. Dietary nitrate supplementation has been found to increase maximal apnea and peak power output. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of beetroot juice on dry static apnea and Wingate performance. Hypothesis: Dietary nitrate will improve maximal breath hold time and peak power output. Dietary nitrate will improve tolerance to CO2, thereby improving maximal breath hold time and anaerobic capacity. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced study, five healthy males (20.4±0.89 years) visited the lab on 3 separate occasions each separated by one week. Visit 1 served as a Wingate and breath hold familiarization visit. Prior to visits 2 and 3 participants were instructed to drink a beverage either a placebo (negligible nitrate content, PL) or dietary nitrate rich beverage (12.4 mmol nitrate, NIT) during the 4 days leading up to their next visit. Visits 2 and 3 consisted of two submaximal breath holds (80% of maximal determined during visit 1), with 2 minutes of rest between and three minutes of rest preceding the final breath hold for maximal duration. Finally, participants completed a standardized 10-minute warmup on the cycle ergometer before completing a 30-second maximal effort Wingate test. Results: A linear mixed effects model was used to determine whether treatment (NIT vs. PL) was associated with differences in VCO2 or PetCO2. Time (0, 10, 20, 30 min post-breath hold) and Treatment both served as repeated measures. Models were developed using multiple repeated measures covariance matrix structures, and the model with the lowest AIC was chosen as the final model. The interaction between time and treatment was included in the original models, and was removed if it was not statistically significant. Time was a statistically significant factor for VCO2 and PetCO2 (p < 0.001). Treatment, and the Time x Treatment interaction was not significant for either variable. No differences between NIT and PL were observed during the Wingate test for either time to peak power (5.02±2.45 and 6.2±2.43 sec, respectively) or maximal power (9.73±1.01 and 9.72±1.03 watts/kg, respectively) and fatigue index (49.42±14.98 and 47.30±6.99 watts/sec, respectively). Conclusion: Preliminary data indicates that in a general population four days of dietary nitrate supplementation may not improve breath hold time, tolerance to carbon dioxide in the lungs, or Wingate performance.

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Force-velocity and force-power properties of single muscle fibers from elite master runners and sedentary men

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.1996.271.2.c676 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 271 (2) ◽

pp. C676-C683 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

J. J. Widrick ◽

S. W. Trappe ◽

D. L. Costill ◽

R. H. Fitts

Keyword(s):

Myosin Heavy Chain ◽

Heavy Chain ◽

Power Output ◽

Peak Power ◽

Isometric Force ◽

Peak Force ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Type I ◽

Shortening Velocity ◽

Force Velocity

Gastrocnemius muscle fiber bundles were obtained by needle biopsy from five middle-aged sedentary men (SED group) and six age-matched endurance-trained master runners (RUN group). A single chemically permeabilized fiber segment was mounted between a force transducer and a position motor, subjected to a series of isotonic contractions at maximal Ca2+ activation (15 degrees C), and subsequently run on a 5% polyacrylamide gel to determine myosin heavy chain composition. The Hill equation was fit to the data obtained for each individual fiber (r2 > or = 0.98). For the SED group, fiber force-velocity parameters varied (P < 0.05) with fiber myosin heavy chain expression as follows: peak force, no differences: peak tension (force/fiber cross-sectional area), type IIx > type IIa > type I; maximal shortening velocity (Vmax, defined as y-intercept of force-velocity relationship), type IIx = type IIa > type I; a/Pzero (where a is a constant with dimensions of force and Pzero is peak isometric force), type IIx > type IIa > type I. Consequently, type IIx fibers produced twice as much peak power as type IIa fibers, whereas type IIa fibers produced about five times more peak power than type I fibers. RUN type I and IIa fibers were smaller in diameter and produced less peak force than SED type I and IIa fibers. The absolute peak power output of RUN type I and IIa fibers was 13 and 27% less, respectively, than peak power of similarly typed SED fibers. However, type I and IIa Vmax and a/Pzero were not different between the SED and RUN groups, and RUN type I and IIa power deficits disappeared after power was normalized for differences in fiber diameter. Thus the reduced absolute peak power output of the type I and IIa fibers from the master runners was a result of the smaller diameter of these fibers and a corresponding reduction in their peak isometric force production. This impairment in absolute peak power production at the single fiber level may be in part responsible for the reduced in vivo power output previously observed for endurance-trained athletes.

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Arm muscle sympathetic nerve activity during preparation for and initiation of leg-cycling exercise in humans

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1994.77.3.1403 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 1403-1410 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

R. Callister ◽

A. V. Ng ◽

D. R. Seals

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Peak Power ◽

General Pattern ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Movement Initiation ◽

Nerve Activity ◽

Cycling Exercise ◽

Target Power ◽

Leg Cycling ◽

Exercise In Humans

We tested the hypothesis that sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity to nonactive skeletal muscle (MSNA) decreases immediately before and remains suppressed during initiation of conventional large muscle upright dynamic exercise in humans. In 11 healthy young subjects, adequate recordings of MSNA from the radial nerve in the arm were obtained during upright seated rest (control) and throughout 1 min of leg-cycling exercise at one or more submaximal workloads (range 33–266 W; approximately 10–80% of peak power output). MSNA was analyzed during four consecutive time intervals; control, preparation for cycling (end of control to onset of pedal movement), initiation of cycling (onset of pedal movement to attainment of target power output), and the initial 60 s of cycling at target power output. MSNA decreased (P < 0.05) abruptly and markedly in all subjects [to 19 +/- 4% (SE) of control levels] during the preparation period before the 33-W load and remained suppressed throughout the period of initiation of cycling in 8 of 11 subjects; MSNA increased during the initiation period in three subjects in whom diastolic arterial pressure fell below control levels. This general pattern was observed at all loads. MSNA remained at or below control levels throughout the 1 min of cycling exercise at 33–166 W. MSNA increased above control levels during the latter portion of the 1 min of cycling only at loads > or = 60% of peak power output.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Peak Power Output Test on a Rowing Ergometer

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0000000000000944 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

pp. 2919-2925 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Boris Metikos ◽

Pavle Mikulic ◽

Nejc Sarabon ◽

Goran Markovic

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Peak Power ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Rowing Ergometer

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A constant-load ergometer for measuring peak power output and fatigue

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1988.65.5.2343 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 2343-2348 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. H. Williams ◽

W. S. Barnes ◽

J. F. Signorile

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Peak Power ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Average Power ◽

Load Cycle ◽

Constant Load ◽

Load Cell ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Maximal Power Output ◽

Power Curves

A constant-load cycle ergometer was constructed that allows maximal power output to be measured for each one-half pedal revolution during brief, high-intensity exercise. To determine frictional force, an electronic load cell was attached to the resistance strap and the ergometer frame. Dead weights were attached to the strap's free end. Flywheel velocity was recorded by means of a magnetic switch and two magnets placed on the pedal sprocket. Pedaling resulted in magnetically activated switch closures, which produced two electronic pulses per pedal revolution. Pulses and load cell output were recorded (512 Hz), digitized, and stored on disk via microcomputer. Power output was later computed for each pair of adjacent pulses, representing average power per one-half pedal revolution. Power curves generated for each subject were analyzed for peak power output (the highest one-half pedal revolution average), time to peak power, power fatigue rate and index, average power, and total work. Thirty-eight males performed two 15-s tests separated by 15 min (n = 16) or 48 h (n = 22). Peak power output ranged from 846.0 to 1,289.1 W. Intraclass correlation analysis revealed high test-retest reliability for all parameters recorded on the same or different days (R = 0.91-0.97). No significant differences (P greater than 0.05) were noted between parameter means of the first and second tests. These results indicate that the ergometer described provides a means for conveniently and reliably assessing short-term power output and fatigue.

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Reducing Anxiety and Anxiety Sensitivity With High-Intensity Interval Training in Adults With Asthma

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2019-0521 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 835-839

Author(s):

Carley O’Neill ◽

Shilpa Dogra

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Sensitivity ◽

Power Output ◽

High Intensity ◽

Peak Power ◽

Interval Training ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

High Intensity Interval ◽

The Impact

Background: Low- and moderate-intensity exercise training has been shown to be effective for reducing general anxiety and anxiety sensitivity among adults with asthma. Exercise frequency and intensity have been shown to play an integral role in reducing anxiety sensitivity; however, less is known about the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on anxiety in adults with asthma. Methods: A 6-week HIIT intervention was conducted with adults with asthma. Participants completed HIIT (10% peak power output for 1 min, 90% peak power output for 1 min, repeated 10 times) 3 times per week on a cycle ergometer. Preintervention and postintervention assessments included the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 and the Body Sensations Questionnaire. Results: Total Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (PRE: 17.9 [11.8]; POST 12.4 [13], P = .002, Cohen d = 0.4, n = 20) and Body Sensations Questionnaire (PRE: 2.4 [1.0]; POST: 2.0 [0.8], P = .007, Cohen d = 0.3) improved from preintervention to postintervention. Conclusion: A 6-week HIIT intervention leads to improved anxiety among adults with asthma. Future research should determine the impact of HIIT among adults with asthma with clinical anxiety.

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