scholarly journals Biodiversity and Abundance of Cultured Microfungi from the Permanently Ice-Covered Lake Fryxell, Antarctica

Life ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Connell ◽  
Benjamin Segee ◽  
Regina Redman ◽  
Russell Rodriguez ◽  
Hubert Staudigel
Keyword(s):  
Lake Depth ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Taylor Valley ◽  
Fungal Abundance ◽  
Glacial Stream ◽  
Culturable Fungi ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Lake Fryxell ◽  
Penicillium Spp

In this work, we explore the biodiversity of culturable microfungi from the water column of a permanently ice-covered lake in Taylor Valley, Antarctica from austral field seasons in 2003, 2008 and 2010, as well as from glacial stream input (2010). The results revealed that there was a sharp decline in total culturable fungal abundance between 9 and 11 m lake depth with a concurrent shift in diversity. A total of 29 species were identified from all three water sources with near even distribution between Ascomycota and Basidomycota (15 and 14 respectively). The most abundant taxa isolated from Lake Fryxell in 2008 were Glaciozyma watsonii (59%) followed by Penicillium spp. (10%), both of which were restricted to 9 m and above. Although seven species were found below the chemocline of 11 m in 2008, their abundance comprised only 10% of the total culturable fungi. The taxa of isolates collected from glacial source input streams had little overlap with those found in Lake Fryxell. The results highlight the spatial discontinuities of fungal populations that can occur within connected oligotrophic aquatic habitats.

scholarly journals Inorganic carbon-isotope distribution and budget in the Lake Hoare and Lake Fryxell basins, Taylor Valley, Antarctica

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 685-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Neumann ◽  
W. Berry Lyons ◽  
David J. Des Marais
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Stable Stratification ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Taylor Valley ◽  
Victoria Land ◽  
Lake Fryxell ◽  
Perennial Ice

One of the unusual features of Lakes Fryxell and Hnare in Taylor Valley, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, is their perennial ice cover. This ice cover limits gas exchange between the atmosphere and the lake water, and causesa very stable stratification of the lakes. We analyzed a series of water samples from profiles of these lakes and their tributaries for δ13C of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in order to qualify the carbon flux from the streams into the lakes, and to investigate the carbon cycling with in the lakes. Isotopic values in the uppermost waters (δ13C = +l.3‰ to 5.3‰ in Lake Hoare, +0.4‰ to +3.0‰ in Lake Fryxell) are close to the carbon-isotope values encountered in the streams feeding Lake Fryxell, but distinctively heavier than in streams feeding Lake Hoare (δ13C= — 2.3%n to 1.4%). These ratios are much heavier than ratios found in the moat that forms around the lakes injanuary February (δC = -10.1%). in the oxic photic zones of the lakes, photosynthesis clearly influences the isotopic composition, with layers of high productivity having enriched carbon-isotope signatures δ13C= +2.7‰ to +6.1‰). in both lakes, the isotopic values become lighter with depth, reaching minima of 3.2‰ and 4.0% in Lakes Fryxell and Hoare, respectively. These minima are caused by the microbial remineralization of isotopically light organic carbon. We present DIC flux calculations that help to interpret the isotopic distribution. For example, in Lake Hoare the higher utilization of CO2aq, and a substantially smaller inflow of CO2 from streams cause the heavier observed isotopic ratios. Differences in the hydrology and stream morphologies of the tributaries also greatly influence the carbon budgets of the basins.

scholarly journals An Ablation Rate for Lake Fryxell, Victoria Land, Antarctica

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (43) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Henderson ◽  
W. M. Prebble ◽  
R. A. Hoare ◽  
K. B. Popplewell ◽  
D. A. House ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ablation Rate ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Katabatic Winds ◽  
Taylor Valley ◽  
Victoria Land ◽  
Lake Fryxell ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe average yearly net ablation rate on permanently ice-covered Lake Fryxell, Victoria Land, Antarctica, is 30 to 40 cm. This figure was calculated by a novel method utilizing a record of ablation which is incorporated in the ice cover of the lake. These values are higher than those measured on Ross Island 80 km. to the east; the difference in ablation rates for the two areas is attributed to the prevalence of katabatic winds in the climate of Taylor Valley. The Lake Fryxell ablation figure is applied to nearby Canada and Commonwealth Glaciers in the calculation of their ice budgets.

scholarly journals The Abundance and Diversity of Soil Fungi in Continuously Monocropped Chrysanthemum

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiping Song ◽  
Shuang Zhao ◽  
Sisi Chen ◽  
Jiafu Jiang ◽  
Sumei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Fungal Abundance ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Chrysanthemum is an important ornamental plant which is increasingly being monocropped. Monocropping is known to affect both fungal abundance and species diversity. Here, quantitative PCR allied with DGGE analysis was used to show that fungi were more abundant in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil and that the fungal populations changed during the growth cycle of the chrysanthemum. The majority of amplified fragments appeared to derive fromFusariumspecies, andF. oxysporumandF. solaniproved to be the major pathogenic species which are built up by monocropping.

The Holocene environmental history of Lake Hoare, Taylor Valley, Antarctica, reconstructed from sediment cores

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Wagner ◽  
Sabrina Ortlepp ◽  
Peter T. Doran ◽  
Fabien Kenig ◽  
Martin Melles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Sedimentary Characteristics ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Taylor Valley ◽  
Victoria Land ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lake Fryxell

AbstractUp to 2.3 m long sediment sequences were recovered from the deepest part of Lake Hoare in Taylor Valley, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Sedimentological, biogeochemical, and mineralogical analyses revealed a high spatial variability of these parameters in Lake Hoare. Five distinct lithological units were recognized. Radiocarbon dating of bulk organic carbon samples from the sediment sequences yielded apparently too old ages and significant age reversals, which prevented the establishment of reliable age-depth models. However, cross correlation of the sedimentary characteristics with those of sediment records from neighbouring Lake Fryxell indicates that the lowermost two units of the Lake Hoare sediment sequences were probably deposited during the final phase of proglacial Lake Washburn, which occupied Taylor Valley during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. High amounts of angular gravel and the absence of fine-grained material imply a complete desiccation with subaerial conditions in the Lake Hoare basin in the middle of the Holocene. The late Holocene (< c. 3300 calendar yr bp) is characterized by the establishment of environmental conditions similar to those existing today. A late Holocene desiccation event, such as proposed in former studies, is not indicated in the sediment sequences recovered.

scholarly journals Fungi from dead arthropods and bats of Gomantong Cave, northern Borneo, Sabah (Malaysia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-275
Author(s):  
Ibrahem Wasti ◽  
Foo She Fui ◽  
Tan Qin Zhi ◽  
Cheh Wai Mun ◽  
Mohammad Hafiz Syukri Kassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Culturable Fungi ◽  
Cave Ecosystems ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Borneo is a biodiversity and ecotourism hotspot, yet one of its least-studied ecosystems is their limestone caves. Not many studies have been conducted on the role fungi play in tropical cave ecosystems, and no fungal surveys have been conducted in the caves of Sabah, Malaysia. Here, we assess the mycofloral diversity on bat and arthropod cadavers in one of the most popular ecotourism destinations of northern Borneo, Gomantong caves. Opportunistic sampling of cadavers within the Semud Hitam chamber of Gomantong cave yielded nine dead arthropods and four dead bats. Twenty-four culturable fungi were isolated, of which 14 morphological taxonomic units (MTU) were observed. Twelve of the 14 MTUs underwent molecular characterization of the ITS gene region to confirm identification. All fungi were Ascomycetes except for one Basidiomycete isolate. Aspergillus spp. had the highest occurrence (45.8%), followed by Penicillium spp. (25.0%), and Fusarium sp. (12.5%). Ceratobasidium sp., Diaporthe sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., and Xylaria feejeensis were isolated once each. No more than one fungal taxon was isolated from each arthropod cadaver, and not all arthropods yielded culturable fungi. Bat cadavers yielded 14 out of 24 isolates (58.3%), with the highest occurrence of the fungi sampled from their skin. Our results corroborate that bats and arthropods play a role in fungal dispersion and introduction in the cave because their exteriors are likely to harbor fungi they are exposed to in the environment. We also conclude that cadavers are important substrates for fungal growth and proliferation, perpetuating the role of fungi as important decomposers in caves. This study provides a baseline of information of the mycobiome of Bornean caves for future bioprospecting and potential biotechnological applications.

The soil microfungi of white cedar forests in Ontario

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Eastern White Cedar ◽  
Myrothecium Roridum ◽  
Penicillium Spp

A study was made of the fungal populations of neutral to alkaline organic soils from eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) forests in southwestern Ontario. A modified dilution plate technique was used, with peptone–dextrose agar medium supplemented with streptomycin and rose bengal. A total of 184 species belonging to 101 genera were recovered. The dominant species recovered were, in order of dominance: Penicillium spp.; Fusarium spp.; Trichoderma viride; Paecilomyces carneus; Coniothyrium spp.; Cladosporium herbarum; Gliocladium roseum; Cephalosporium spp.; Sterile dark mycelium; Pestalotia sp.; Phialophora spp.; Botryotrichum piluliferum; and Myrothecium roridum. Several undescribed soil fungi were also isolated.

scholarly journals The piglet mycobiome during the weaning transition: a pilot study1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 2889-2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie L Summers ◽  
Juli Foster Frey ◽  
Timothy G Ramsay ◽  
Ann M Arfken
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Culturable Fungi ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Fungal Populations

Abstract The importance of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of animals is recognized as a critical player in host health. Recently, the significance of the mycobiome has been recognized, but culture-independent studies are limited, especially in swine. Weaning is a time of stress, dietary changes, and a predisposition to infections, making it a time point of interest to industry. In this pilot study, we sought to assess and characterize the mycobiome in the feces of swine from birth through the critical weaning transition to investigate the mycobiome population and its temporal dynamics in piglet feces. Cultured fecal samples demonstrate a significant increase in fungal burden following weaning that does not differ from adult levels, suggesting stable colonization. Culturable fungi were not found in any environmental samples tested, including water, food, sow milk or colostrum. To determine the fungal diversity present and to address the problem of unculturable fungi, we performed a pilot study utilizing ITS and 16S rRNA focused primers for high-throughput sequencing of fungal and bacterial species, respectively. Bacterial populations increase in diversity over the experimental timeline (days 1 to 35 postbirth), but the fungal populations do not demonstrate the same temporal trend. Following weaning, there is a dynamic shift in the feces to a Saccharomycetaceae-dominated population. The shift in fungal population was because of the dominance of Kazachstania slooffiae, a poorly characterized colonizer of animal gastrointestinal tracts. This study provides insights into the early colonization and subsequent establishment of fungi during the weaning transition in piglets. Future studies will investigate the effect of the mycobiome on piglet growth and health during the weaning transition.

scholarly journals An Ablation Rate for Lake Fryxell, Victoria Land, Antarctica

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (43) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Henderson ◽  
W. M. Prebble ◽  
R. A. Hoare ◽  
K. B. Popplewell ◽  
D. A. House ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ablation Rate ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Katabatic Winds ◽  
Taylor Valley ◽  
Victoria Land ◽  
Lake Fryxell ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe average yearly net ablation rate on permanently ice-covered Lake Fryxell, Victoria Land, Antarctica, is 30 to 40 cm. This figure was calculated by a novel method utilizing a record of ablation which is incorporated in the ice cover of the lake. These values are higher than those measured on Ross Island 80 km. to the east; the difference in ablation rates for the two areas is attributed to the prevalence of katabatic winds in the climate of Taylor Valley. The Lake Fryxell ablation figure is applied to nearby Canada and Commonwealth Glaciers in the calculation of their ice budgets.

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