scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti + N Ion Implanted Cronidur30 Steel

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Jin ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xinchun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ion Implanted

In this study, Ti + N ion implantation was used as a surface modification method for surface hardening and friction-reducing properties of Cronidur30 bearing steel. The structural modification and newly-formed ceramic phases induced by the ion implantation processes were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). The mechanical properties of the samples were tested by nanoindentation and friction experiments. The surface nanohardness was also improved significantly, changing from ~10.5 GPa (pristine substrate) to ~14.2 GPa (Ti + N implanted sample). The friction coefficient of Ti + N ion implanted samples was greatly reduced before failure, which is less than one third of pristine samples. Furthermore, the TEM analyses confirmed a trilamellar structure at the near-surface region, in which amorphous/ceramic nanocrystalline phases were embedded into the implanted layers. The combined structural modification and hardening ceramic phases played a crucial role in improving surface properties, and the variations in these two factors determined the differences in the mechanical properties of the samples.

scholarly journals Structure-Dependent Mechanical Properties of ALD-Grown Nanocrystalline BiFeO3Multiferroics

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Majtyka ◽  
Anna Nowak ◽  
Benoît Marchand ◽  
Dariusz Chrobak ◽  
Mikko Ritala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Pertinent Information

The present paper pertains to mechanical properties and structure of nanocrystalline multiferroic BeFiO3(BFO) thin films, grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on the Si/SiO2/Pt substrate. The usage of sharp-tip-nanoindentation and multiple techniques of structure examination, namely, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, enabled us to detect changes in elastic properties(95 GPa≤E≤118 GPa)and hardness(4.50 GPa≤H≤7.96 GPa)of BFO after stages of annealing and observe their relation to the material’s structural evolution. Our experiments point towards an increase in structural homogeneity of the samples annealed for a longer time. To our best knowledge, the present report constitutes the first disclosure of nanoindentation mechanical characteristics of ALD-fabricated BeFiO3, providing a new insight into the phenomena that accompany structure formation and development of nanocrystalline multiferroics. We believe that our systematic characterization of the BFO layers carried out at consecutive stages of their deposition provides pertinent information which is needed to control and optimize its ALD fabrication.

Revealing the mechanism of the early stages of Ni–W RABiTS oxidation

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2362-2370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Blednov ◽  
Oleg Yu. Gorbenko ◽  
Dmitriy P. Rodionov ◽  
Andrey R. Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Internal Oxidation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Precise Position ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Phase And Chemical Composition

The early stages of surface oxidation of biaxially textured Ni–W tapes were studied using thermodynamic calculations along with experimental tape oxidation at low P(O2). Tape phase and chemical composition, surface morphology, and roughness were examined using x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). For a Ni0.95W0.05 alloy tape, the precise position of the tape oxidation line in P(O2)–T coordinates was established. This line includes a break at T ≈ 650 °C that originates from the change of the W oxidation mechanism from internal oxidation to oxidation on a free surface accompanied by segregation of the alloy components in the tape near-surface region. The surface roughness of a polished tape increased drastically during internal oxidation of W; further tape oxidation did not affect the integral roughness parameters, but introduced numerous small (˜;100 nm) features on the tape surface comprising NiO precipitates.

Modification of The Near-Surface Region Of Al2O3 By Ion Implantation

1983 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. White ◽  
G. C. Farlow ◽  
H. Naramoto ◽  
C. J. Mchargue ◽  
B. R. Appleton
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Structural Property ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Impurity Incorporation ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Implantation Damage ◽  
Property Changes

ABSTRACTPhysical and structural property changes resulting from ion implantation and thermal annealing of α-A12O3 are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on damage production during implantation, damage recovery during thermal annealing, and impurity incorporation during thermal annealing. Physical and structural property changes caused by ion implantation and annealing are correlated with changes in the mechanical properties.

An Examination of Kernite (Na2B4O6(OH)2·3H2O) Using X-Ray and Electron Spectroscopies: Quantitative Microanalysis of a Hydrated Low-Z Mineral

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 718-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Meier ◽  
Jeffrey M. Davis ◽  
Edward P. Vicenzi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Sampling Depth ◽  
Electrical Insulator ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
X Ray

AbstractMineral borates, the primary industrial source of boron, are found in a large variety of compositions. One such source, kernite (Na2B4O6(OH)2·3H2O), offers an array of challenges for traditional electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA)—it is hygroscopic, an electrical insulator, composed entirely of light elements, and sensitive to both low pressures and the electron beam. However, the approximate stoichiometric composition of kernite can be analyzed with careful preparation, proper selection of reference materials, and attention to the details of quantification procedures, including correction for the time dependency of the sodium X-ray signal. Moreover, a reasonable estimation of the mineral's water content can also be made by comparing the measured oxygen to the calculated stoichiometric oxygen content. X-ray diffraction, variable-pressure electron imaging, and visual inspection elucidate the structural consequences of high vacuum treatment of kernite, while Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm electron beam-driven migration of sodium and oxygen out of the near-surface region (sampling depth ≈ 2 nm). These surface effects are insufficiently large to significantly affect the EPMA results (sampling depth ≈ 400 nm at 5 keV).

Study of near-surface layers modified by ion implantation in Si wafers by grazing incidence X-ray reflectometry

1999 ◽  
Vol 286 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B Pełka ◽  
J Auleytner ◽  
J Domagała ◽  
Z Werner ◽  
M Janik-Czachor
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
X Ray

Properties of TiN Coatings Deposited on Nitrogen Ion Implanted Steel C1045

2007 ◽  
Vol 555 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
D. Peruško ◽  
N. Bibić ◽  
S. Petrović ◽  
M. Popović ◽  
M. Novaković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Iron Nitrides ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Nitrogen Ion

The effects of nitrogen pre-implantation of AISI C1045 steel substrates on the properties of deposited TiN coatings were investigated. Nitrogen ion implantations were performed at 40 keV, to the fluences from 5x1016 – 5x1017 ions/cm2. On so prepared substrates we deposited 1.3 μm thick TiN layers by reactive sputtering. Structural characterizations of the samples were performed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction analysis (GXRD), standard X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microhardness was measured by Vicker’s method. The obtained results indicate the formation of iron-nitrides in the near surface region of the substrates, more pronounced for higher implanted fluences. The structure of the deposited TiN coatings shows a strong dependence on the pre-implantation of the substrates, which is attributed to the changed local structure at the surface. Ion implantation and deposition of hard TiN coatings induce an increase of the microhardness of this low performance steel of more than eight times.

Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane/PDMS Hybrid Coating Protecting Polyimide from Atomic Oxygen Erosion

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 336-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Wang Duo ◽  
Mi Mi Song ◽  
Ting Zhi Li ◽  
Ying Luo ◽  
Mei Shuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Hybrid Film ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Polyimide Film ◽  
Hybrid Films ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oligomeric Silsesquioxane ◽  
Atomic Oxygen Erosion ◽  
Inorganic Organic Polymers

Hybrid inorganic/organic polymers have been prepared by copolymerizing a silanol terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with an Octa(aminophenyl) -silsesquioxane (POSS). The AO resistance of these POSS/PDMS hybrid films was tested in the ground-based AO simulation facility. Exposed and unexposed surfaces have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The XPS data indicate that the carbon content of the near-surface region is decreased from 65.3 to 18.9 at% after AO exposure. The oxygen and silicon concentrations in the near-surface region increase after AO exposure. The data reveal the formation of a passive inorganic SiO2 layer on the POSS/PDMS hybrid films during the AO exposure, which serves as a protective barrier preventing further degradation of the underlying polymer with increased exposure to the AO flux. The erosion yield of the POSS/PDMS (20 wt%) hybrid film was 1.7×10-26 cm3/atom, decreased by two orders of magnitude compared with the value of 3.0×10-24 cm3/atom of the polyimide film.

Surface chemical states of barium titanate: Influence of sample processing

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1502-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmila M. Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Tim C.S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Annealing Atmosphere ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reducing Atmosphere ◽  
Special Surface ◽  
Chemical States ◽  
Photoelectron Peak

The composition and chemistry of the near-surface region of BaTiO3 have been studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that the Ba3d photoclectron peak shows two chemical states, one of which is attributed to the bulk perovskite and the other to a special surface state unrelated to contamination. The bulk component is reduced and the surface component increases when the material is annealed at high temperatures (either in reducing or oxidizing atmosphere). Both the components are unaltered if the sample is exposed to air, solvents, or water: processes that lead to adsorption of impurities. The surface peak, therefore, attributed to a relaxation related and not contamination-related state, has been compared with those in other Ba-containing oxides. The oxygen photoelectron peak consists of a normal perovskite peak typical of most titanates and a higher energy component clearly related to surface contamination. Annealing in reducing atmosphere results in drastically different optical and electrical properties, and in chemical reduction of some Ti4+ ions to Ti3+. The overall stoichiometry, however, does not change with annealing atmosphere. These results have been discussed in light of our current understanding of this and other related oxides.

Interface study of a high-performance W/B4C X-ray mirror

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1431-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Siffalovic ◽  
Matej Jergel ◽  
Livia Chitu ◽  
Eva Majkova ◽  
Igor Matko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Interface Roughness ◽  
Growth Exponent ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
X Ray

A high-performance W/B4C multilayer mirror with 80 periods of nominally 1.37 nm was measured by grazing-incidence small-angle X ray scattering (GISAXS) in order to analyse the lateral and vertical correlations of the interface roughness within the framework of a scaling concept of multilayer growth. A dynamic growth exponentz= 2.19 (7) was derived, which is close to the value predicted by the Edwards–Wilkinson growth model. The effective number of correlated periods indicates a partial replication of the low interface roughness frequencies. A simulation of the GISAXS pattern based on the Born approximation suggests a zero Hurst fractal parameterHand a logarithmic type of autocorrelation function. The as-deposited mirror layers are amorphous and exhibit excellent thermal stability up to 1248 K in a 120 s rapid thermal vacuum annealing process. At higher temperatures, the B4C layers decompose and poorly developed crystallites of a boron-rich W–B hexagonal phase are formed, and yet multilayer collapse is not complete even at 1273 K. Ozone treatment for 3000 s in a reactor with an ozone concentration of 150 mg m−3results in the formation of an oxidized near-surface region of a thickness approaching ∼10% of the total multilayer thickness, with a tendency to saturation.

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