scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact Resistance of a Composite Material with EN AW-7075 Matrix Reinforced with α-Al2O3 Particles Using a 7.62 × 39 mm Projectile

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kurzawa ◽  
Dariusz Pyka ◽  
Krzysztof Jamroziak ◽  
Marcin Bajkowski ◽  
Miroslaw Bocian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Pressure Infiltration ◽  
Destruction Mechanism ◽  
Al2o3 Particles ◽  
Α Al2o3 ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of studies on the effects of shooting composite materials produced by pressure infiltration with the EN AW-7075 alloy as a matrix and reinforcement in the form of preforms made of α-Al2O3 particles. Composite materials were made with two reinforcement contents (i.e., 30% and 40% vol. of α-Al2O3 particles). The composites produced in the form of 12 mm thick plates were subjected to impact loads from a 7.62 × 39 FMJ M43 projectile fired from a Kalashnikov. The samples of composites with different contents of strengthening particles were subjected to detailed microscopic examination to determine the mechanism of destruction. The effect of a projectile impact on the microstructure of the material within the perforation holes was identified. There were radial cracks found around the puncture holes and brittle fragmentation of the front surfaces of the specimens. The change in the volume of the reinforcement significantly affected the inlet, puncture and outlet diameters. The observations confirmed that brittle cracking dominated the destruction mechanism and the crack propagation front ran mainly in the matrix material and along the boundaries of the α-Al2O3 particles. In turn, numerical tests were conducted to describe the physical phenomena occurring due to the erosion of a projectile hitting a composite casing. They were performed with the use of the ABAQUS program. Based on constitutive models, the material constants developed from the identification of material properties were modelled and the finite element was generated from homogenization in the form of a representative volume element (RVE). The results of microscopic investigations of the destruction mechanism and numerical investigations were combined. The conducted tests and analyses shed light on the application possibilities of aluminium composites reinforced with Al2O3 particles in the construction of add-on-armour protective structures.

scholarly journals Flexural Toughness as an Attribute for Impact Damage Evaluation of Composite Laminates

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alemi-Ardakani ◽  
Abbas S. Milani ◽  
Spiro Yannacopoulos ◽  
David Trudel-Boucher ◽  
Golnaz Shokouhi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Damage Evaluation ◽  
Flexural Toughness ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
The Impact

Popularity and application of composite materials are increasing in several industries including transportation, construction and aerospace. The mechanical properties of these materials should be known to engineers to be able to design/select new products. Impact resistance is one of the properties which have been studied extensively over the past years and still is an ongoing topic in composites research. Since analytical solutions have not been fully developed for the impact characterization of anisotropic materials, researchers often perform mechanical testing in conjunction with visual inspection methods to investigate the impact behavior of composite materials. The present study shows that flexural toughness can be used as a parameter in the design/material selection stage in the evaluation of pre- and post-impact damage of composite laminates. A series of drop-weight impact tests, using a 200J energy level, were performed on specimens made of four different stacking configurations of TWINTEX® and unidirectional laminates (polypropylene and glass fiber commingled composites) according to ASTM D7136. The damaged areas of the impacted specimens were measured using image analysis. Four-point flexural testing was then carried out, based on ASTM D7264, on both non-impacted and impacted specimens. Damaged area and flexural toughness, along with a set of other commonly used mechanical properties, were selected as measures for damage evaluation. Comparison of results before and after impact and under different criteria showed that in the present case study, visual inspection is not sufficient in predicting the post-impact properties of the tested specimens and can be misleading. On the other hand, flexural toughness could give a much clearer perspective on the extent of post-impact resistance of the specimens.

scholarly journals FEM Analysis of Textile Reinforced Composite Materials Impact Behavior

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7380
Author(s):  
Savin Dorin Ionesi ◽  
Luminita Ciobanu ◽  
Catalin Dumitras ◽  
Manuela Avadanei ◽  
Ionut Dulgheriu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Textile Reinforced Composite ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Composite materials reinforced with textile fabrics represent a complex subject. When explaining these materials, one must consider their mechanical behavior in general, and impact resistance in particular, as many applications are characterized by dynamic strains. Impact characteristics must be considered from the early stages of the design process in order to be controlled through structure, layer deposition and direction. Reinforcement materials are essential for the quality and behavior of composites, and textile reinforcements present a large range of advantages. It takes a good understanding of the requirements specific to an application to accurately design textile reinforcements. Currently, simulations of textile reinforcements and composites are efficient tools to forecast their behavior during both processing and use. The paper presents the steps that must be followed for modelling the impact behavior of composite materials, using finite element analysis (FEM). The FEM model built using Deform 3D software offers information concerning the behavior structure during impact. The behavior can be visualized for the structure as a whole and, for different sections, be considered significant. Furthermore, the structure’s strain can be visualized at any moment. In real impact tests, this is not possible due to the very short time interval and the impossibility to record inside the structure, as well as to record all significant stages using conventional means.

The impact resistance of composite materials — a review

Composites ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Cantwell ◽  
J. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
The Impact

Present Status and Future Problems on the Impact Resistance Performance Design of Civil Engineering Protective Structures

2014 ◽  
Vol 566 ◽  
pp. 10-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimi Sonoda
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
Resistance Performance ◽  
The Impact

There are many civil engineering structures that have different systems and required functions. Their design methods do not have consistent design concepts. Thus, it has been pointed out the necessity of universal concepts on assumed external actions and risk for various structures and on the required level of safety. In order to meet those demands, a research committee as part of Japan Society of Civil Engineers summarizing the basic concepts of impact resistance design. This paper introduces several design methods of structures subjected to impact loads, and presents the current status and remaining issues of establishing new performance-based design methods.

The effect of different structural designs on impact resistance to carbon fiber foam sandwich structures

e-Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Kang Yang ◽  
Peng Gong ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Liguo Zhang ◽  
Ziao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Sandwich Structure ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Foam Core ◽  
Damage Area ◽  
Damage Depth ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The development of the composite materials in the past decades has made the composite materials more and more widely used in various engineering fields. The mechanical properties of the composite materials are gradually improved, especially the impact resistance. In this article, the damage of carbon fiber foam sandwich structure (material grade: W-3021FF/H60) under different sandwich thicknesses and impact energies was studied. Ultrasonic C-scan was used to measure the depth and area of impact damage area. Finally, the impact energy and foam core thickness on impact damage was analyzed by test results. The results show that the impact damage depth and area of foam sandwich structure were positively related to the impact energy, and with the increase in the impact energy, the growth rate of damage depth and damage area changes; the greater the thickness of the foam core was, the stronger the span-direction guiding energy for impact energy, the larger the damage area and the smaller the damage depth. Under the same energy, the more the layers of carbon fiber cloth with the foam sandwich structure, the larger the impact damage depth and the smaller the impact damage area. The proportion of ±45° ply in the foam sandwich structure can improve its impact resistance.

Structure and Properties of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced by Al2O3 Particles

2008 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Adam Dobrzański ◽  
M. Kremzer ◽  
Klaudiusz Gołombek
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Fibers ◽  
Pressure Infiltration ◽  
Ceramic Phase ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Infiltration Method

The work presents the research results of modern composite materials. The matrix material was EN AC AlSi12 alloy while the reinforcement ceramic preforms, obtained through sintering process of Al2O3 Alcoa CL 2500 powder with addition of carbon fibers as pore forming agent burned out during sintering. The composites were produced with use of porous material pressure infiltration method. The main limitation of base technology is a difficulty in obtaining composite materials with volumetric participation of ceramic phase in amount not less than 20%. Obtained on the base of ceramic preforms composite materials were tested with scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, hardness and tensile test was performed for acquired materials. Achieved results indicate the possibility of producing, with use of pressure infiltration method, porous preforms composed of Al2O3 particles, new composite material with desired microstructure and properties, being a cheaper alternative for materials with base of ceramic fibers.

Methodology for Determining the Survivability and Resistance of Aircraft Propellers to the Impact of Foreign Objects

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Е.V. Neskoromnyy ◽  
D.S. Markov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Limiting Value

The authors propose a technique for determining the survivability and resistance of the blades to impact by foreign objects located on the surface of the airfield pavement, using a set of mathematical models and experimental plants and considering the data on the layout and design of the aircraft and its propulsion system with a propeller. An example of the technique’s application to a small-sized aircraft with a propulsion system with a pushing propeller is considered. The results of theoretical studies on determining the boundaries and parameters of the impact of foreign objects with the propeller are presented. Based on the data obtained, experimental studies are conducted to determine damage to the blades made of composite materials by granite particles. The limiting value of the relative mass of a granite particle, which ensures the operability of the propeller during and after the impact is determined. Recommendations on increasing the impact resistance of the blades are given.

Optimization and Experimental Research on FOPS of Engineering Vehicle Cab

2014 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Jin Xin Chen ◽  
Jun Xun Zhang ◽  
Zai Xiang Zheng ◽  
Xue Dong Qi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Simulation Performance ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
The Impact

The engineering vehicle cab FOPS (falling-object protective structures) mainly contain two parts: top guard and front guard. According to the characteristics of the engineering vehicle cab security architectures, the simulation that top guard is impacted by the falling hammer is made by non-linear analysis software – LS-DYNA. The breakage phenomenon is also researched. The stiffness of the top guard is so weak that the hammer’s displacement is too large, which leads to the impact resistance of top guard is unqualified. Based on this, the cause of the stiffness insufficient is researched. By orthogonal experimental design for the dominant factors, it makes the simulation performance of the top guard meet the requirements of the national standard. On this basis, the simulation mechanical bearing capacity of the front guard is done by LS-DYNA, while the experimental research is also accomplished. By contrasting the result of simulation and experiment, it turns that simulative result coincides with the experimental well.

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