scholarly journals Recyclability of Asphalt Mixtures with Crumb Rubber Incorporated by Dry Process: A Laboratory Investigation

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2870
Author(s):  
Israel Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Maria Chiara Cavalli ◽  
Lily Poulikakos ◽  
Moises Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Polymer Modification ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Dry Process

Semi-Dense Asphalt (SDA) mixtures are nowadays recommended for the surface layer of low noise roads in urban areas due to their optimal functional characteristics. Moreover, the use of polymer-modified bitumen (PmB) in its design results in high mechanical performance. However, this type of highly modified bitumen implies significant economic and environmental disadvantages. The polymer modification increases the production cost, involves higher mixing temperatures, and makes the recycling process of the asphalt mixtures challenging. As a potential alternative to PmB in SDA mixtures, this experimental work analyses the dry process for the incorporation of crumb rubber (CR) from waste tires. Particularly, the main objective was to study the aging effect and the recyclability of asphalt mixtures prepared in the laboratory with two different types of CR. The volumetric properties and mechanical performance of the mixtures artificially aged and rejuvenated were evaluated. The results obtained show that mixtures with CR have adequate performance, being less susceptible to aging than a conventional polymer-modified mixture. Furthermore, the rheological response of asphalt binder samples recovered from the mixtures at different aging states was analyzed. It was observed that the effect of the rejuvenator depended on the CR type, but this fact did not negatively influence the performance of the recycled mixtures.

scholarly journals Experimental Study to Determine the Most Preferred Additive for Improving Asphalt Performance Using Polypropylene, Crumb Rubber, and Tafpack Super in Medium and High-Temperature Range

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Xiaoming ◽  
Ismail Bakheit Eldouma
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Asphalt Modification ◽  
Rotational Viscosity ◽  
Asphalt Performance

The overall objectives of this study were to determine the most appropriate additive for improving the physical properties and the medium- and high-temperature performances (mechanical performance) of asphalt binders. Three different types of modified binders were prepared: crumb rubber modifier (CRM), polypropylene (PP), and tafpack super (TPS), which had concentrations of 2%, 3%, 3.5%, and 4% by weight of asphalt binder, for each modifier. Their physical and rheological properties were evaluated by applying various tests such as ductility, rotational viscosity, toughness, and tenacity, as well as the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test. As a result, the physical properties of the modified bitumen binders were compared, as were the medium- and high-temperature performances (mechanical performance), which had temperatures of 58, 64, 70, 76, 82, and 88 °C, respectively. This was how the most appropriate modifier was determined. The results demonstrated that the asphalt binder properties significantly improved by utilizing CRM followed by PP and TPS modifiers. The increase in the rutting parameter (G*/sin(δ)) after asphalt modification indicated its excellent performance at both medium- and high-temperatures. Lastly, the CRM was determined as the most preferred additive because of its positive effect on the physical properties and enhancement of the medium- and high-temperature performance (mechanical performance).

Effect of Addition of Dry Crumb Rubber on the Performance of Terminal Blend Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Mixtures

2017 ◽  
Vol 2633 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Kocak ◽  
M. Emin Kutay
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic

Three major methods are used to produce crumb rubber modified asphalt pavement: the dry process (CRDry), the terminal blend process (CRTB), and the wet process (CRWet). Although the CRDry process replaces the portion of fine aggregate in the asphalt mixture with crumb rubber (CR) particles, the CRWet process incorporates CR particles into hot liquid asphalt before it is mixed with aggregates. CRTB is known as a special type of CRWet process in which the CR is blended with asphalt binder at the asphalt terminal. In general, the CRWet process can integrate 15% to 22% CR by weight of the binder. This amount ranges from 10% to 12% in the CRTB process as a result of the limitations associated with transportation and pumping. This study investigated the feasibility of increasing the CR content of CRTB modified asphalt mixtures. The addition to the mixture of about 0.5% CR (by weight of the mix) through the CRDry process doubled the amount of rubber to be found in a conventional CRTB mix. The relative performances of the CRTB and the CRTB+CRDry processes [i.e., crumb rubber hybrid (CRHY)] were investigated with respect to their linear viscoelastic properties, rutting susceptibility, moisture damage, resistance to fatigue, and low temperature cracking. It was shown that it was possible to increase the amount of CR in the mixture through the use of the CRHY method proposed here, without adverse effect on the performance of the mixture.

scholarly journals Initial Field Validation of Poroelastic Pavement Made with Crumb Rubber, Mineral Aggregate and Highly Polymer-Modified Bitumen

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Piotr Jaskula ◽  
Jerzy Ejsmont ◽  
Marcin Stienss ◽  
Grzegorz Ronowski ◽  
Cezary Szydlowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Road Noise ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Mineral Aggregate

Tire/road noise in most driving conditions dominates other sources of traffic noise. One of the most efficient ways of reducing tire/road noise is to use the so-called “low noise pavement”. According to numerous studies, at present, poroelastic road pavement that is composed of rubber and mineral aggregate and polyurethane or bituminous binder gives the best noise reduction up to 12 dB. Unfortunately, there are many problems with making durable poroelastic pavements. This article presents the first results of a project that is executed in Poland and aims at the development of a durable, low noise poroelastic pavement based on polymer-modified asphalt binder called Safe, Eco-friendly POroelastic Road Surface (SEPOR). Two test sections were built in 2019 to test the production technology and performance of the SEPOR pavement. It is observed that some of the problems with previous poroelastic materials were mainly eliminated (especially delamination from the base layer and raveling) but noise reduction is a little less than expected (up to 9 dB). Rolling resistance for car tires is acceptable and fire properties (damping of spill fuel fires, toxic gas emission) are very good.

Evaluation on Mix Design and Rutting Resistance of Dry Mixed Rubberised Asphalt Mixtures

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽  
Mohd Rosli Hainin ◽  
Haryati Yaacob ◽  
Che Ros Ismail ◽  
Nur Zurairahetty Mohd Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Wheel Tracking Test ◽  
Wheel Tracking

This study presents a laboratory evaluation on the properties of crumb rubber modified asphalt mixture using a dry process method in which the fine crumb rubber is added to substitute the aggregates portion and acts as elastic aggregates within the mix. The effect of crumb rubber in the mixture was investigated in terms of the volumetric properties using Marshall Mix Design and rutting performance using Wheel Tracking Test. The crumb rubber was added between 1 to 3% in steps of 1% by weight of aggregates to modify a dense graded mix, Asphaltic Concrete (AC14) and a gap graded mix, Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA14) according to the Malaysian mix design. Based on the result, it was observed that the performance of the asphalt mixtures was significantly affected with the addition of crumb rubber. Rubberised asphalt mixtures for AC14 were found to have a greater resistance on rutting deformation compared to the conventional mixture. However, the use of fine rubber in SMA14 mixture with 80/100 bitumen cannot provide enough binder modification to perform as good as conventional SMA14 mixture with polymer modified bitumen. Furthermore, based on detailed review, a set of procedures for producing dry mixed rubberised asphalt mixture was identified and recommended for future studies.

A Review of Crumb Rubber Modification in Dry Mixed Rubberised Asphalt Mixtures

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽  
Gordon D. Airey ◽  
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽  
Nordiana Mashros ◽  
Md. Maniruzzaman A. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Asphalt Paving ◽  
Rubber Modification

This paper provides an overview of crumb rubber modified asphalt mixtures with particular reference to the dry process. The dry process involves the blending of crumb rubber with hot aggregates prior to mixing with bitumen. In comparison to the wet process (process of incorporating crumb rubber into bitumen prior to mixing with aggregates), this mixture type has a number technical issues. The lack of standards and inconsistent performance have resulted in scepticism among practitioners and researchers in accepting the dry process for rubber modification even though it has the potential to recycle more crumb rubber compared to the wet process. This has resulted in the overwhelming majority of asphalt paving projects involving crumb rubber using the wet process. Therefore, to better understand the mixture, details pertaining to dry mixed rubberised asphalt are discussed in this paper with sufficient information from previous research. The discussions highlight several critical issues regarding its modification concept (the function and behaviour of rubber particles within the mixture), mixture design criteria and mechanical performance of this mixture type. This is necessary in order to identify the factors that play a significant role in improving the mixtures properties for future studies. Additionally, the review will be a positive step in the direction of achieving an appropriate design standard for dry mixed rubberized asphalt mixtures.

scholarly journals A Review on Improving Asphalt Pavement Service Life Using Gilsonite-Modified Bitumen

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6634
Author(s):  
Hayder Al Hawesah ◽  
Monower Sadique ◽  
Clare Harris ◽  
Hassan Al Nageim ◽  
Karl Stopp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Wet Process

Hot mix asphalt has various benefits such as good workability and durability. It is one of the most general materials used as asphalt mixtures in road pavements. Asphalt mixtures and binders can be improved by modifying them with various additives. Gilsonite is a natural asphalt hydrocarbon which may be used as an additive to hot mix asphalt. It is used as an asphalt binder modifier (wet process) and an asphalt mixture modifier (dry process) to improve the properties of the mix. It provides the option of improved rheological properties, stability, strength rutting resistance and moisture sensitivity. This paper examines the current research relating to the use of gilsonite to improve the asphalt properties (binder and mixture). The rheological properties of the modified asphalt binders and mechanical properties of the modified asphalt mixtures will be reviewed. The influence of adding gilsonite individually or combined with other additives will be discussed. Furthermore, assessment of the environmental and economic perspectives of the studied asphalt along with some suggestions to improve the asphalt binders and mixtures will be explored.

Microstructure analysis and mechanical performance of crumb rubber modified asphalt concrete using the dry process

2020 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 119662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Farrokh Tarpoudi Baheri ◽  
Maria Chiara Cavalli ◽  
Lily D. Poulikakos ◽  
Moises Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Modified Asphalt

scholarly journals Functional and environmental performance of plant-produced crumb rubber asphalt mixtures using the dry process

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bueno ◽  
R. Haag ◽  
N. Heeb ◽  
P. Mikhailenko ◽  
L. Boesiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Dry Process

AbstractIncorporating crumb rubber (CR) using the dry process, directly in the asphalt mixture rather than into the bituminous binder requires no plant retrofitting, and therefore is the most practical industrial method for CR incorporation into asphalt mixtures. Nevertheless, very few large scale studies have been conducted. This work uses a holistic approach and reports on the functional and environmental performance of asphalt mixtures with different concentrations of CR fabricated employing the dry process in asphalt plants. Gaseous emissions were monitored during the production and laboratory leaching tests simulating the release of pollutants during rain, was conducted to evaluate the toxicology of both the CR material alone and the modified asphalt mixtures. In addition, laboratory compacted samples were tested to assess their fatigue behavior. Furthermore, noise relevant surface properties of large roller compacted slabs were evaluated before and after being subjected to a load simulator (MMLS3) to evaluate their resistance to permanent deformation. The results confirm that comparable performance can be achieved with the incorporation of CR using the dry process for high performance surfaces such as semi-dense asphalt, which usually require the use of polymer modified binders. Environmental performance improvement can be achieved by a washing step of the CR material that could remove polar CR additives which have commonly been used as vulcanization accelerator during rubber production.

scholarly journals Assessments on the Performance of Asphalt Mixtures Prepared with Adhesion Promoters

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S3) ◽  
pp. 332-339
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Adhesion Promoters ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Service Characteristics ◽  
Bonding Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performances

Asphalt pavement is typically susceptible to moisture damage. However, it could be improved with the incorporation of additives or modifiers through binder modifications. The objective of the study is to assess the effect of adhesion promoters, namely PBL and M5000, onto the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). The performance of asphalt mixture has been assessed in terms of the service characteristics, the bonding properties, and mechanical performances. The service characteristics were assessed through the Workability Index (WI) and Compaction Energy Index (CEI) to evaluate the ease of asphalt mixture during the mixing and compaction stage. The bonding properties of the modified asphalt mixtures were determined using the boiling water test and static water immersion test to signify the degree of coating after undergoing specific conditioning period and temperature. The mechanical performances of the modified asphalt mixture were evaluated via Marshall stability, semi-circular bending, and modified Lottman tests. All specimens were prepared by incorporating adhesion promoters at the dosage rates of 0.5% and 1.0% by weight of asphalt binder. From the investigation, the bonding properties significantly improved for the modified asphalt mixture compared to the control mixture. The WI of the modified asphalt mixture increased while the CEI decreased in comparison to the control specimen. This implies the workability of modified asphalt mixture is better and requires less energy to be compacted. Modified asphalt mixture generally had better mechanical performance. Therefore, it can be deduced that the asphalt mixture with adhesion promoters have better overall performance than the control mixture.

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