scholarly journals Primary Stability of Orthodontic Titanium Miniscrews due to Cortical Bone Density and Re-Insertion

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gi-Tae Kim ◽  
Jie Jin ◽  
Utkarsh Mangal ◽  
Kee-Joon Lee ◽  
Kwang-Mahn Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Horizontal Resistance ◽  
Cortical Bone Density ◽  
Increasing Demand

The increasing demand for orthodontic treatment over recent years has led to a growing need for the retrieval and reuse of titanium-based miniscrews to reduce the cost of treatment, especially in patients with early treatment failure due to insufficient primary stability. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate differences in the primary stability between initially inserted and re-inserted miniscrews within different cortical bone densities. Artificial bone was used to simulate cortical bone of different densities, namely 20, 30, 40, and 50 pound per cubic foot (pcf), where primary stability was evaluated based on maximum insertion torque (MIT), maximum removal torque (MRT), horizontal resistance, and micromotion. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate morphological changes in the retrieved miniscrews. The MIT, MRT, horizontal resistance, and micromotion was better in samples with higher cortical bone density, thereby indicating better primary stability (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant reduction of MIT, MRT, and horizontal resistance was observed during re-insertion compared with the initial insertion, especially in the higher density cortical bone groups. However, there was no significant change in micromotion. While higher cortical bone density led to better primary stability, it also caused more abrasion to the miniscrews, thereby decreasing the primary stability during re-insertion.

scholarly journals Effects of Intrabony Length and Cortical Bone Density on the Primary Stability of Orthodontic Miniscrews

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5615
Author(s):  
Jie Jin ◽  
Gi-Tae Kim ◽  
Jae-Sung Kwon ◽  
Sung-Hwan Choi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Horizontal Resistance ◽  
Cortical Bone Density ◽  
Temporary Anchorage Devices ◽  
Implantation Depth ◽  
Maximum Removal

Miniscrews have gained recent popularity as temporary anchorage devices in orthodontic treatments, where failure due to sinus perforations or damage to the neighboring roots have increased. Issues regarding miniscrews in insufficient interradicular space must also be resolved. This study aimed to evaluate the primary stability of miniscrews shorter than 6 mm and their feasibility in artificial bone with densities of 30, 40, and 50 pounds per cubic foot (pcf). The primary stability was evaluated by adjusting the intrabony miniscrew length, based on several physical properties: maximum insertion torque (MIT), maximum removal torque (MRT), removal angular momentum (RAM), horizontal resistance, and micromotion. The MIT and micromotion results demonstrated that the intrabony length of a miniscrew significantly affected its stability in low-density cortical bone, unlike cases with a higher cortical bone density (p < 0.05). The horizontal resistance, MRT, and RAM were affected by the intrabony length, regardless of the bone density (p < 0.05). Thus, the primary stability of miniscrews was affected by both the cortical bone density and intrabony length. The effect of the intrabony length was more significant in low-density cortical bone, where the implantation depth increased as more energy was required to remove the miniscrew. This facilitated higher resistance and a lower risk of falling out.

scholarly journals Effects of a newly designed apparatus on orthodontic skeletal anchorage

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S083-S088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Tozlu ◽  
Didem Nalbantgil ◽  
Fulya Ozdemir
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Tangential Force ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insertion Torque

ABSTRACT Objective: An appliance was designed to increase the cortical bone surface contact area of miniscrew implants (MSIs). The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of this appliance on the anchorage force resistance and the stability of orthodontic MSIs. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 MSIs were placed into bone specimens prepared from the ilium of bovines. Half were placed with the newly designed apparatus and half were placed conventionally. All the specimens were subjected to tangential force loading perpendicular to the MSI with lateral displacement of 0.6 mm, using an Instron Universal Testing machine. The maximum removal torque of each tested specimen was also recorded. Both study and control groups were divided into two subgroups based on whether they had thin and thick cortical bone. Results: The test group had statistically higher force anchorage resistance and maximum insertion torque values than the control group (p < 0.001). The results were found to be more significant in cases in which the cortical bone was thin (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Within the limits of this in vitro study, the present findings suggest that the newly designed apparatus might have a favorable effect on MSI stability in patients presenting with thin cortical bone. Clinical studies are necessary to confirm the results that were observed in vitro.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ANGLED INSTALLATION OF ORTHODONTIC MINI-IMPLANTS ON PRIMARY STABILITY

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Fabiana Padovan Di Lello ◽  
Flávia Regina Vergamine Salles Sgarbi ◽  
Eloisa Marcantonio Boeck ◽  
Nadia Lunardi ◽  
Rodolfo Jorge Boeck Neto
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Medullary Bone ◽  
Removal Torque ◽  
Synthetic Bone ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Torque Wrench

AIM: The aim of this work was evaluate the insertion and removal torque for orthodontic mini-implants inserted in different inclination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten self-drilling mini-implants from the brand SIN (Sistema de Implantes Nacional, São Paulo/SP, Brazil), and the surgical kit for their insertion were used. Two plaques of synthetic bone of 120 mm x 170 mm x 41,5 mm were used (Sawbones, Pacific Research Laboratories Inc, Vashon, Wash), with 1,5 mm height, simulating the cortical bone (density 40 pcf) and 40 mm simulating the medullary bone (density 15 pcf). In each block, five areas were demarcated for each mark, totalizing ten areas. The ten mini-implants were inserted by the same operator, previously calibrated; five of them at 900 and five at 600, using the manual key kit. After the insertion of all the mini-implants, the final threading and the reading of insertion torque value were carried out with a manual torque wrench digital Lutron TQ-8800 (Lutron Electronic Enterprise Co., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan) until the trans-mucosal profile achieve the cortical bone. The maximum insertion torque value was registered in N/cm. After all the implants inserted, the measurement of removal torque was started, performed in the same way of insertion, but in the opposite anticlockwise. The results were submitted to the T test (parametric) and to a Mann-Whitney test (non-parametric). RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the insertion torque was lower than the removal one in both insertion degrees, with statistically significance. Despite insertion torque at 90 degrees had been lightly higher than that inserted at 60 degrees, they were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: In view of the results, it was possible conclude that insertion at 60º angulation does not offer advantages to the primary stability for orthodontic mini-implants.

Comparison of reliability of three resonance frequency analysis devices: An in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Diker ◽  
Nurettin Diker ◽  
Onjen Tak
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Resonance Frequency Analysis ◽  
Observer Reliability ◽  
Type 3

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the intra-observer and inter-observer reliability of three resonance frequency analysis (RFA) devices and to compare the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values according to implant macro design and diameter in two different bone densities. A total of 64 implants (Neoss Proactive) of varying diameters (3.5 and 4.0 mm) and implant macro design (tapered and straight) were placed in two artificial bone blocks (the density of type 2 and 3). The implant primary stability was measured using Osstell IDx, Osstell Beacon and Penguin RFA. The ISQ value of each implant was measured by two observers and recorded five times in two directions. The intra-observer and inter-observer reliability of RFA devices were evaluated. In addition to that, mean ISQ values were calculated for each RFA device to evaluate the effect of implant diameter, implant macro design, and bone density on ISQ values. ISQ values were significantly higher for implants placed within the type 2 bone than for the type 3 bone. The 4.0 mm diameter implants presented higher ISQ values than 3.5 mm diameter implants. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values for intra-observer reliability were above 0.85 for each observer and the ICC values for inter-observer reliability were 0.94, 0.93, 0.98 for Osstell IDx, Osstell Beacon and Penguin RFA, respectively. Although there was excellent inter-observer reliability with three RFA devices, the intra-observer reliability of Osstell Beacon and Penguin RFA were slightly better than Osstell IDx. Bone density and implant diameter were parameters affecting the primary stability of implants.

Macrogeometry and Bone Density Control Over the Primary Stability of 6-mm Implants: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-326
Author(s):  
Georgios Romanos ◽  
Jessica Lau ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
Rafael Delgado-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Density Control

scholarly journals Influence of Implant Design and Under-Preparation of the Implant Site on Implant Primary Stability. An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Herrero-Climent ◽  
Bernardo Ferreira Lemos ◽  
Federico Herrero-Climent ◽  
Carlos Falcao ◽  
Helder Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Parameters

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different implant sites an under-preparation sequence associated with two different implant designs on implant primary stability measured by two parameters: insertion torque (IT) and implant stability quotient (ISQ). It used two different implants: one cylindrical as a control and another one with a tapered design. The implants were inserted in type III fresh humid bovine bone and four drilling sequences were used: one control, the one proposed by the implant company (P1), and three different undersized (P2, P3 and P4). P2 was the same as P1 without the cortical drill, P3 was without the last pilot drill and P4 was without both of them. The sample size was n = 40 for each of the eight groups. Final IT was measured with a torquemeter and the ISQ was measured with Penguin resonance frequency analysis. Results showed that both ISQ and IT have a tendency to increase as the preparation technique reduces the implant site diameter when compared with the standard preparation, P1. The preparations without cortical drill, P2 and P4, showed the best results when compared with the ones with a cortical drill. Tapered implants always showed higher or the same ISQ and IT values when compared with the cylindrical implants. Giving the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that reducing implant preparation can increase IT and ISQ values. Removing the cortical drill and the use of a tapered design implant are also effective methods of increasing primary implant stability.

scholarly journals Comparison of Osteotome and Conventional Drilling Techniques for Primary Implant Stability: An In Vitro Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna N Tsolaki ◽  
Pallavi P Tonsekar ◽  
Babak Najafi ◽  
Howard J Drew ◽  
Andrew J Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Posterior Maxilla ◽  
Conventional Drilling

It may be difficult to achieve primary stability in the posterior maxilla because of poor quality and quantity of bone. Studies have shown that the osteotome technique immediately increases bone density thereby increasing primary stability. An in vitro study was conducted to compare the stability achieved by the osteotome and conventional drilling techniques in low density bone. Forty endosseous implant fixtures (n = 40) were inserted in a solid rigid polyurethane block simulating low density (D3) bone. The implants were divided into 4 groups to test 2 variables: (1) implant length (10 mm or 13 mm) and (2) preparation of osteotomy (conventional drilling or osteotome technique). Insertion torque (IT) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) were measured for each implant. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test was done to study IT and RFA data of the 4 groups. Pearson Correlation test was used to determine the correlation between IT and RFA values of the implants. The IT and RFA values were statistically significant higher using the osteotome technique as compared to conventional drilling (P &lt; 0.0001). Statistically significant higher values were also found for IT and RFA of 13 mm implants as compared to 10 mm implants. A significant correlation was found between insertion torque and RFA values in all 4 groups (r = 0.86, P &lt; 0.0001). The conclusion was that the osteotome technique significantly increased primary stability.

scholarly journals Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE): how to achieve greater stability. In vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio de Mendonça COPELLO ◽  
Daniel Paludo BRUNETTO ◽  
Carlos Nelson ELIAS ◽  
Matheus Melo PITHON ◽  
Raildo Silva COQUEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Palatal Expansion ◽  
Rapid Palatal Expansion ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Pull Out Strength

ABSTRACT Objective: Assess the influence of mono- and bicortical anchorage and diameter of mini-implants (MIs) on the primary stability of these devices. Methods: 60 self-drilling MIs were distributed in six groups according to diameter (1.5mm, 1.8mm or 2.0mm) and type of anchorage (monocortical and bicortical) in bovine rib. The primary stability was evaluated by insertion torque, micromobility and pull-out strength tests. ANOVA and/or Tukey analysis were used to conduct intergroup comparisons (p< 0.05). Non-parametric statistics (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney) were performed when normality was not found (p< 0.05). Results: MIs with larger diameters and bicortical anchorage showed greater primary stability regarding insertion torque (p< 0.05) and micromobility (p< 0.05). Only MI diameter had an effect on the pull-out strength test. Larger diameter MIs presented better retention in pull-out strength tests (p< 0.001), regardless of mono- or bicortical anchorage. Conclusions: MI primary stability is dependent on its diameter and type of anchorage. Bicortical anchorage showed greater stability when compared with monocortical anchorage, independently of other variables.

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