Study on the Influence of the Ball Material on Abrasive Particles’ Dynamics in Ball-Cratering Thin Coatings Wear Tests

Micro-abrasion remains a test configuration hugely used, mainly for thin coatings. Several studies have been carried out investigating the parameters around this configuration. Recently, a new study was launched studying the behavior of different ball materials in abrasive particles’ dynamics in the contact area. This study intends to extend that study, investigating new ball materials never used so far in this test configuration. Thus, commercial balls of American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 52100 steel, Stainless Steel (SS) (AISI) 304 steel and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were used under different test conditions and abrasive particles, using always the same coating for reference. Craters generated on the coated samples’ surface and tracks on the balls’ surface were carefully observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and 3D microscopy in order to understand the abrasive particles’ dynamics. As a softer material, more abrasive particles were entrapped on the PTFE ball’s surface, generating grooving wear on the samples. SS AISI 304 balls, being softer than the abrasive particles (diamond), also allowed particle entrapment, originating from grooving wear. AISI 52100 steel balls presented particle dynamics that are already known. Thus, this study extends the knowledge already existing, allowing to better select the ball material to be used in ball-cratering tests.

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The correlation between friction coefficient and areal topography parameters for AISI 304 steel sliding against AISI 52100 steel

Friction ◽

10.1007/s40544-019-0323-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 41-60

Author(s):

Deepak K. Prajapati ◽

Mayank Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Friction Coefficient ◽

Root Mean Square ◽

Normal Load ◽

Mutual Effect ◽

Root Mean Square Roughness ◽

Mean Square ◽

Aisi 304 ◽

Aisi 52100 ◽

Aisi 304 Steel ◽

Aisi 52100 Steel

Abstract Dry wear experiments provide an insight detail on how severely contacting surfaces change under unlubricated sliding condition. The theory of dry sliding wear is used for understanding mixed-lubrication regime in which asperity interactions play a significant role in controlling of the friction coefficient (f). The purpose of this work is to study the tribological behavior of AISI 304 steel in contact with AISI 52100 steel during wear. Both materials are used in rolling element bearings commanly. Experiments are carried out using a pin-on-disc tribometer under dry friction condition. The areal (three dimensional, 3D) topography parameters are measured using a 3D white light interferometer (WLI) with a 10× objective. After wear tests, wear mechanisms are analyzed utilizing scanning electron microscope (SEM). Factorial design with custom response surface design (C-RSD) is used to study the mutual effect of load and speed on response variables such as f and topography parameters. It is observed that the root mean square roughness (Sq) decreases with an increase in sliding time. Within the range of sliding time, Sq decreases with an increase in the normal load. Within the range of sliding speed and normal load, it is found that Sq, mean summit curvature (Ssc), and root mean square slope (Sdq) are positively correlated with f. Whereas, negative correlation is found between f and correlation length (Sal), mean summit radius (R), and core roughness depth (Sk).

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Influence of load and lubricants on EHD film thickness and rolling-contact fatigue lives of AISI 52100 steel balls

Journal of Synthetic Lubrication ◽

10.1002/jsl.3000150405 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 293-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. E. Fernández ◽

P. Luque ◽

D. G. Cuervo

Keyword(s):

Film Thickness ◽

Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽

Contact Fatigue ◽

Rolling Contact ◽

Aisi 52100 ◽

Aisi 52100 Steel ◽

Steel Balls

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Tribological Properties of Vanadium Nitride Coated AISI 52100 Steel

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.643 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 445 ◽

pp. 643-648 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Uğur Şen ◽

Murat Uzun ◽

Şaduman Şen

Keyword(s):

Reactive Diffusion ◽

Vanadium Nitride ◽

Aisi D2 Steel ◽

Test Conditions ◽

Aisi 52100 ◽

Aisi D2 ◽

Aisi 52100 Steel ◽

Steel Disc ◽

Steel Balls ◽

D2 Steel

In the present study, the wear and friction behaviour of vanadium nitride coated AISI 52100 steel against hardened AISI D2 steel disc was studied using ball-on-disc arrangement. Vanadium nitride coating treatment was performed on pre-nitrided AISI 52100 steel balls using thermo-reactive diffusion techniques. The presence of VN and V2N phases in the coating layer was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Friction and wear tests were carried out at dry test conditions under 2.5 N, 5 N and 10 N loads at 0.1 m/s, 0.2 m/s and 0.3 m/s sliding speeds. The results showed that the friction coefficient values of vanadium nitride coated AISI 52100 steel balls against hardened AISI D2 steel disc are changing between 0.49 and 0.71, depending on test conditions. The wear rates of the vanadium nitride coated AISI 52100 steel is ranging from 6.704×104 mm3/m to 2.619 × 106 mm3/N m. In general, the wear rate increased with the increase in load and sliding speed.

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Rolling contact fatigue life of AISI 52100 steel balls with mineral and synthetic polyester lubricants with PTFE nanoparticle powder as an additive

Wear ◽

10.1016/j.wear.2008.08.020 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 266 (7-8) ◽

pp. 671-677 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

E. Fernández Rico ◽

I. Minondo ◽

D. García Cuervo

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Life ◽

Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽

Contact Fatigue ◽

Rolling Contact ◽

Aisi 52100 ◽

Contact Fatigue Life ◽

Aisi 52100 Steel ◽

Steel Balls

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Rolling Contact Performance of a Ti-Containing MoS2 Coating Operating Under Ambient, Vacuum, and Oil-Lubricated Conditions

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings9110752 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 752 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Harpal Singh ◽

Kalyan C. Mutyala ◽

Gary L. Doll

Keyword(s):

Abrasive Wear ◽

Frictional Heating ◽

Rolling Contact ◽

Oil And Grease ◽

Grease Lubrication ◽

Aisi 52100 ◽

Aisi 52100 Steel ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Steel Balls ◽

Mos2 Coating

Solid lubricant molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) coatings have been frequently used to lubricate mechanisms operating in environments where oil and grease lubrication are ineffective. This work evaluated the rolling contact performance of a Titanium-containing MoS2 coating under humid ambient, vacuum, and oil-lubricated conditions. Weibull analyses of L50 lifetimes of AISI 52100 steel balls coated with a Ti-MoS2 coating paired with uncoated M50 steel rods were determined to be 3.7, 14.5, and 158.6 million cycles in ambient, vacuum, and oil-lubricated environments, respectively. In the ambient and vacuum tests, failures were determined to be associated with the onset of abrasive wear rather than fatigue or spalling. The L50 lifetimes of tests performed in those environments were found to depend upon the wear rate of the coatings on the balls. That is, the Ti-MoS2 functioned as a barrier to the onset of abrasive wear between the steel alloys until the coating was sufficiently worn away. Under oil-lubricated (boundary lubrication) conditions, L50 was found to depend on the durability and composition of tribofilms formed in-situ on the surfaces of the uncoated M50 rods. The tribofilms were comprised of mixtures of MoS2 crystallites and amorphous hydrocarbon (a-C:H). The crystalline MoS2 in the tribofilm originated from the amorphous Ti-MoS2 coating and likely underwent a thermodynamic phase transition as a result of the applied Hertz stress and frictional heating in the contact. The a-C:H in the tribofilm probably originated from a catalytic scission of the polyalphaolefin (PAO) molecules caused by the d-band character of the Mo or Ti in the coating. Overall, the Ti-MoS2-coated balls were effective at extending the operational lifetimes of M50 rods under ambient, vacuum, and oil-lubricated conditions by an order of magnitude.

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Optimization of Cutting Parameters Considering Surface Roughness When Milling AISI 304 Steel Using Coated Wc-Co and Tialn / Wc-Co Coated

10.26678/abcm.cobem2019.cob2019-0588 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Murilo Pereira Lopes ◽

Jose Rubens Gonçalves Carneiro ◽

Gilmar Cordeiro da Silva ◽

Carlos Eduardo Santos ◽

Ítalo Bruno dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Cutting Parameters ◽

Aisi 304 ◽

Aisi 304 Steel ◽

Optimization Of Cutting Parameters

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VASCO M-50

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ts0278 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

Keyword(s):

Elevated Temperature ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

High Speed ◽

High Speed Steel ◽

High Strength ◽

Heat Treating ◽

High Load ◽

Aisi 52100 ◽

Aisi 52100 Steel

Abstract VASCO M-50 is a hardenable (martensitic), low-alloy high-speed steel developed primarily for high-strength, high-load components (such as bearings and gears) designed for elevated-temperature service. It may be used at temperatures up to 600 F; this is in contrast to AISI 52100 steel which may be used up to only 350 F. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: TS-278. Producer or source: Teledyne Vasco.

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