The Effect of Er:YAG Lasers on the Reduction of Aerosol Formation for Dental Workers

Infection prevention in dental practice plays a major role, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to measure the quantity of aerosol released during various dental procedures (caries and prosthetic treatment, debonding of orthodontic brackets, root canal irrigation) while employing the Er:YAG lasers combined with a high-volume evacuator, HVE or salivary ejector, SE. The mandibular second premolar was extracted due to standard orthodontic therapy and placed in a dental manikin, to simulate typical treatment conditions. The particle counter was used to measure the aerosol particles (0.3–10.0 μm) at three different sites: dental manikin and operator’s and assistant’s mouth area. The study results showed that caries’ treatment and dental crown removal with a high-speed handpiece and the use of the SE generated the highest aerosol quantity at each measured site. All three tested Er:YAG lasers significantly reduced the number of aerosol particles during caries’ treatment and ceramic crown debonding compared the conventional handpieces, p < 0.05. Furthermore, the Er:YAG lasers generated less aerosol during orthodontic bracket debonding and root canal irrigation in contrast to the initial aerosol quantity measured in the dental office. The use of the Er:YAG lasers during dental treatments significantly generates less aerosol in the dental office setting, which reduces the risk of transmission of viruses or bacteria.

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Effectiveness of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming in root canal models with different diameters or tapers

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01671-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cheng Wen ◽

Yuanyuan Kong ◽

Jian Zhao ◽

Yang Li ◽

Ya Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Intensity ◽

Root Canal ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Canal Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Atp Assay ◽

Root Canal Irrigation ◽

Average Fluorescence Intensity ◽

Different Diameters ◽

Average Fluorescence

Abstract Background This study aimed to compare the use of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) and conventional needle irrigation (CNI) in conjunction with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) to remove Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) suspended bacteria and biofilms from root canal systems with different diameters or tapers. Methods Artificial root canal samples (n = 480) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 160/group). The canals were prepared to fit file sizes #10/.02, #25/.02, or #25/.06. The size #10/.02 group was incubated for seven days. The size #25/.02 or #25/.06 group was incubated for 2 days. A stable biological model of E. faecalis infection was established. The root canals were washed with distilled water or with 1%, 2%, or 5.25% NaOCl combined with CNI or PIPS. Bacterial suspensions and biofilms were assessed using an ATP assay kit and fluorescence microscopy. Image-Pro Plus was used to analyse the average fluorescence intensity to determine the most suitable root canal irrigation solution. Results In the CNI and PIPS groups, the ATP value of the 5.25% NaOCl subgroup was the lowest, followed by that of the 2% and 1% NaOCl subgroups. The ATP value of the distilled water subgroup was the highest (P < 0.05). When the root canal taper was 0.02, the ATP value of the #10/.02 + PIPS group was significantly lower than that of the #25/.02 + CNI group (P < 0.05). The average fluorescence intensity of the #10/.02 + PIPS group was lower than that of the #25/.02 + CNI group (P < 0.05). When the apical diameter was #25, the ATP value of the 0.02 taper in the PIPS group was lower than that of the 0.06 taper in the CNI group (P < 0.05), and the average fluorescence intensity of the 0.02 taper + PIPS group was lower than that of the 0.06 taper + CNI group (P < 0.05). PIPS combined with 2% and 5.25% NaOCl effectively improved the long-term antibacterial effect after irrigation and re-culture for 6 h. Conclusions Compared with CNI, PIPS has greater ability to remove bacteria in root canals with a small preparation diameter and a small taper. PIPS with 2% and 5.25% NaOCl exhibited superior antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects.

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Effectiveness of root canal irrigation

Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1016/0300-5712(78)90220-8 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 182-183

Author(s):

J. Cunningham

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Canal Irrigation ◽

Root Canal Irrigation

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Root Canal Irrigation

Springer Series on Biofilms - The Root Canal Biofilm ◽

10.1007/978-3-662-47415-0_9 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 259-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luc van der Sluis ◽

Christos Boutsioukis ◽

Lei-Meng Jiang ◽

Ricardo Macedo ◽

Bram Verhaagen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Canal Irrigation ◽

Root Canal Irrigation

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Resistance to vertical root fracture of apicoected teeth using different devices during two root canal irrigation procedures

Lasers in Medical Science ◽

10.1007/s10103-018-2517-6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 1685-1691 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ferhat Ayrancı ◽

Leyla Benan Ayrancı ◽

Alper Özdoğan ◽

Serkan Özkan ◽

Mutlunur Önder Peker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Root Fracture ◽

Canal Irrigation ◽

Vertical Root Fracture ◽

Root Canal Irrigation

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The Evaluation of Anti-Microbial-Effect to Enterococcus Faecalis by Hypochlorous Acid Water

10.46715/ijdoh2021.05.1000104 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Yoshishige Yamada

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Colony Formation ◽

Hypochlorous Acid ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

High Concentration ◽

Canal Irrigation ◽

Root Canal Irrigation ◽

Root Canal Irrigant

Periapical periodontitis is a major disease, and difficult to achieve successful treatment in some cases. Therefore, root canal irrigation is one of the most important processes to successful endodontic treatment. Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution is the most commonly used root canal irrigate. However using NaOCl solution on endodontic treatment should be considered its problems such as allergy, serious tissue damage when inadvertently injected into the maxillary sinus or oral mucosa. Therefore, another root canal irrigant that is safe and has a high antimicrobial effect is desirable. In this study, Hypochlorous Acid (HClO) water was used to evaluate the microbicidal efficacy of the Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and considered the possibility to be a future root canal irrigant candidate. Original (200ppm), 10% diluted (20ppm), 25% diluted (50ppm) and 50% diluted (100ppm) HClO water were used in this study. Each experimental solution was mixed with low concentrations (5×107 CFU/ml) or high concentration (5×109 CFU/ml) of E. faecalis at 30 seconds, 1minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes respectively. Then they were placed onto BHI agar plates and incubated for 48 h at 37 ºC, followed by counting the number of Colony formation. The results showed that in the condition of 5×107 CFU/ml E.faecalis, no colony formation was shown within 30 seconds by 50 % diluted HClO water. Whereas only original water was attained to inhibit colony formation completely within 30 seconds under the density of 5×109 CFU/ml E, faecalis. In conclusion, 200ppm HClO water has a capacity to anti-microbiological effect against E.faecalis same as NaOCl solution. Keywords: root canal irrigant, hypochlorous acid (HClO) water, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis)

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Hypochlorite solution for root canal irrigation that lacks a chlorinated odor

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/ejd.ejd_354_16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (02) ◽

pp. 221-225

Author(s):

La-ongthong Vajrabhaya ◽

Vanida Sangalungkarn ◽

Ratchapin Srisatjaluk ◽

Suwanna Korsuwannawong ◽

Chareerut Phruksaniyom

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Commercial Products ◽

Canal Irrigation ◽

Hypochlorite Solution ◽

Root Canal Irrigation ◽

Chlorine Gas ◽

Trichloroisocyanuric Acid

ABSTRACT Objectives: This is an in vitro study to develop a formulation of a hypochlorite solution for root canal irrigation that lacks a chlorinated odor. The antibacterial effect, tissue dissolution efficacy, and the cytotoxicity of the solution were assessed in cell culture and were compared with those of commercial sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions. Materials and Methods: Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCA) was used as the source of hypochlorite ions in solution. All required properties of the NaOCl irrigant were evaluated and compared with those of original 2.5% NaOCl solutions currently in use. Results: Our results revealed that a TCA 3.5% + 1/6 Buffer-1 solution passed the short-term stability test. Moreover, no odor of chlorine gas was detected by three independent observers. The hypochlorite ion content and pH were stable over an incubation period of 4 weeks. The new solution did not differ from commercial products in terms of the dissolution property on bovine pulpal tissue (P > 0.05). Moreover, the antibacterial effect of this solution on Enterococcus faecalis did not differ from that of the commercial products (P > 0.05). In addition, our biocompatibility analysis demonstrated no difference among the tested solutions (P > 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results of all properties tested, TCA 3.5% + 1/6 Buffer-1 could be considered an option for NaOCl irrigation with the benefit of no detectable chlorine odor.

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