scholarly journals Initial Conditioning of Used Cigarette Filters for Their Recycling as Acoustical Absorber Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4161
Author(s):  
Valentín Gómez Escobar ◽  
Celia Moreno González ◽  
María José Arévalo Caballero ◽  
Ana Mᵃ Gata Jaramillo
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Procedure ◽  
Cigarette Butts

Used cigarette butts represent a major and problematic form of waste, due to their abundance, toxicity, and durability. Moreover, the few proposals for their recycling are clearly insufficient, and new ones are welcome. For a new proposal regarding the reuse of used cigarette butts as acoustical absorbers in building construction, previous conditioning of the used butts is performed. This conditioning includes the elimination of moisture and toxic products accumulated in the filter of the cigarettes. Thus, in this work, the moisture content effect in acoustical absorption was analyzed, and a proposal for elimination is made. Moreover, a chemical cleaning procedure is proposed, and its influence on the acoustical behavior of the samples was also analyzed.

Optimized chemical cleaning procedure for enhancing photoemission from GaAs photocathode

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Feng ◽  
Yijun Zhang ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Yunsheng Qian ◽  
Jingzhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Procedure

Restoring Submerged UF Membrane Performance Using an Innovative Patent-Pending Chemical Cleaning Procedure

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (18) ◽  
pp. 197-209
Author(s):  
Gayathri Ram Mohan ◽  
Robert Harris ◽  
JC Lan ◽  
Srinivas Jalla ◽  
Jim Lozier
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Procedure ◽  
Membrane Performance

scholarly journals Influence of Fuel Moisture Content, Packing Ratio and Wind Velocity on the Ignition Probability of Fuel Beds Composed of Mongolian Oak Leaves via Cigarette Butts

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Sun ◽  
Yunlin Zhang ◽  
Long Sun ◽  
Haiqing Hu ◽  
Futao Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Fuel Moisture ◽  
Ignition Probability ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Mongolian Oak ◽  
Fuel Moisture Content ◽  
Oak Leaves

Cigarette butts are an important human firebrand and account for a significant amount of man-made fires. To better address forest fires caused by cigarette butts, the influencing factors governing the ignition probability of cigarette butts can be used to establish a prediction model. This study obtains the influencing factors of the ignition probability of cigarette butts in order to establish a prediction model by constructing fuel beds composed of Mongolian oak leaves with varied fuel moisture content and packing ratios. A total of 2520 ignition experiments were then conducted by dropping cigarette butts on the fuel beds to test the burning probability of the fuels under varied wind speeds. Moisture content, wind speed, and their interaction significantly influenced ignition probability. In the absence of wind, the ignition probability is zero. The maximum moisture content of Mongolian oak leaves that could be ignited by cigarette butts was 15%. A logistic model and self-built model for predicting the ignition probability were established using these results; the mean absolute error values for the two models were 2.71% and 1.13%, respectively, and the prediction error of the self-built model was lower than that of the logistic model. This is important research to mitigate the threat of forest fires due to cigarette butts given the frequent occurrence of these events.

Mathematical Simulation of Thermal and Moisture Gradients in Ceramic Blocks

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 474-479
Author(s):  
Olivia del Puppo Pereira Fernandes ◽  
Geruza Rafaela de Oliveira ◽  
José Jefferson da Silva Nascimento ◽  
Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo ◽  
Jonas Alexandre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mathematical Simulation ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Water Elimination ◽  
Ceramic Blocks

Temperature and moisture substantially affect the water elimination procedure, occurring in the drying stage, of ceramic blocks used in building construction. In the present work, a modeling of the thermal gradients and moisture content during the drying process of red clayey ceramic blocks was analyzed using computer simulation by means of Mathematica®software program. Results of two-dimensional thermal gradients and variation of moisture content were predicted. This revealed that regions next to the vertices of prismatic ceramic blocks are more susceptible to structural damage due to development of cracks and deformations.

scholarly journals The chemical cleaning of ceramic membrane used in UF

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tomaszewska ◽  
Lidia Białończyk
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Procedure ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Uf Membranes ◽  
Optimum Recovery

Ultrafiltration (UF) is one of the membrane processes which is mostly used in the dairy industry for the separation and concentration of whey components or fermentation broth. Fouling of UF membranes in the food industry is primarily due to a deposition of microorganisms, proteins, fats and minerals on the membrane surface. Thus, cleaning of the membranes is an essential step of UF separation. The results from investigations of chemical cleaning of a ceramic UF membrane fouled by precipitation of whey components and yeast contained in the fermentation broth are presented. The effect of cleaning procedure on the degree of permeability restoration by the fouled membrane was studied. The results demonstrated that a combination of sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid and sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant could be successfully used to achieve an optimum recovery of the membrane properties.

Preparation and Standardization of a Stable AHF Plasma

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M Thelin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Fresh Plasma

SummaryA stable, lyophilized AHF reference plasma has been prepared from pooled plasma from at least 50 normal healthy donors and standardized against a primary standard of fresh plasma from 20 healthy male donors aged 20 to 40. Average AHF potency of a typical lot is 98.8%, and moisture content is less than 0.5%. Under storage at -25° C, this AHF reference plasma is stable for at least 18 months. It has been used in several major coagulation laboratories, and has given consistently satisfactory and reproducible results in AHF assays.

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