scholarly journals Coordinated Control of Single-Phase End-Users for Phase Load Balancing in Active Electric Distribution Networks

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 2662
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Grigoraș ◽  
Livia Noroc ◽  
Ecaterina Chelaru ◽  
Florina Scarlatache ◽  
Bogdan-Constantin Neagu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Load Balancing ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Coordinated Control ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
End Users ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Electric Distribution ◽  
Control Methodology

In the paper, a coordinated control methodology of single-phase (1-P) end-users switching operations on the phases of an active electric distribution network (AEDN) has been proposed to obtain a minimum unbalance degree at the coupling common point (CCP) level with the main distribution system. The phase load balancing (PLB) process considers the smart devices that switch the 1-P end-users (consumers and prosumers) from one phase to another to compensate for the phase load unbalance. The proposed methodology has been tested successfully in an AEDN belonging to a Romanian Distribution Network Operator (DNO) containing 114 end-users (104 consumers/10 prosumers) integrated into the Smart Metering System (SMS). The optimal solution leads to a value of the objective function by 1.00, represented by the unbalance factor (UF), which could be identified with the ideal target. A comparative analysis was conducted considering other possible PLB cases (the consumer-level PLB and prosumer-level PLB), obtaining similar values of the UF (1.027 vs. 1.028), slightly higher than in the hybrid-level PLB. Additionally, the significant technical benefits were quantified through an energy-saving of 58.73% and decreasing the phase voltage unbalance rate by 91% compared to the initial case (without PLB). These results emphasized the positive impact of the proposed coordinated control methodology on the PLB process and evidenced its effectiveness and applicability in the AEDNs.

scholarly journals Coordinated Control of Single-Phase End-Users for Phase Load Balancing in Active Electric Distribution Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Grigoraș ◽  
Livia Noroc ◽  
Ecaterina Chelaru ◽  
Florina Scarlatache ◽  
Bogdan-Constantin Neagu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Load Balancing ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Coordinated Control ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
End Users ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Electric Distribution ◽  
Control Methodology

In the paper, a coordinated control methodology of single-phase (1-P) end-users switching oper-ations on the phases of an active electric distribution network (AEDN) has been proposed to ob-tain a minimum unbalance degree at the coupling common point (CCP) level with the main dis-tribution system. The phase load balancing (PLB) process considers the smart devices that switch from one phase to another phase the 1-P end-users (consumers and prosumers) to compensate for the phase load unbalance. The proposed methodology has been tested successfully in an AEDN belonging to a Romanian Distribution Network Operator (DNO) containing 114 end-users (104 consumers/10 prosumers) integrated into the Smart Metering System (SMS). The op-timal solution leads to a value of the objective function by 1.00004, represented by the unbalance factor, very close to the ideal target, 1.00. A comparative analysis was conducted considering other possible PLB cases (the consumer-level PLB and prosumer-level PLB), obtaining similar values of the UF (1.027 vs. 1.028), slightly higher than in the hybrid-level PLB. Also, the signifi-cant technical benefits were quantified through an energy-saving of 58.73% and decreasing the phase voltage unbalance rate by 91 % compared to the initial case (without PLB). These results emphasized the positive impact of the proposed coordinated control methodology on the PLB process and evidenced its effectiveness and applicability in the AEDNs.

Research on Single-Phase Grounding Fault in Distribution Networks with a DC Power Positioning Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 530-531 ◽  
pp. 353-356
Author(s):  
Run Sheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Distribution Network ◽  
Power Outage ◽  
Location Method ◽  
Fault Resistance ◽  
Ground Fault ◽  
Positioning Method

Due to the high ground fault resistance and the complexity of power distribution network structure (such as too many nodes, branches and too long lines), adopting common traveling wave method and ac injection method can not effectively locate the single-phase grounding fault in the distribution network system.To solve above problems and determine the position of the point of failure prisely, this paper adopted the dc location method of injecting the dc signal from the point of failure under the power outage offline. This paper introduces the single phase dc method and the method of three phase dc, and the simulation shows that the dc location method is effective and feasible.

scholarly journals Reflected Traveling Wave Based Single-Ended Fault Location in Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangang Shi ◽  
Tao Zheng ◽  
Chang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Traveling Wave ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Distribution Networks ◽  
Reflected Waves ◽  
Ground Fault ◽  
Location Methods

Traveling wave (TW)-based fault-location methods have been used to determine single-phase-to-ground fault distance in power-distribution networks. The previous approaches detected the arrival time of the initial traveling wave via single ended or multi-terminal measurements. Regarding the multi-branch effect, this paper utilized the reflected waves to obtain multiple arriving times through single ended measurement. Potential fault sections were estimated by searching for the possible traveling wave propagation paths in accordance with the structure of the distribution network. This approach used the entire propagation of a traveling wave measured at a single end without any prerequisite of synchronization, which is a must in multi-terminal measurements. The uniqueness of the fault section was guaranteed by several independent single-ended measurements. Traveling waves obtained in a real 10 kV distribution network were used to determine the fault section, and the results demonstrate the significant effectiveness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Bi-Level Phase Load Balancing Methodology with Clustering-Based Consumers’ Selection Criterion for Switching Device Placement in Low Voltage Distribution Networks

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Grigoraș ◽  
Bogdan-Constantin Neagu ◽  
Florina Scarlatache ◽  
Livia Noroc ◽  
Ecaterina Chelaru
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Load Balancing ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Remote Communication ◽  
Full Implementation ◽  
Starting Point

In the last years, the distribution network operators (DNOs) assumed transition strategies of the electric distribution networks (EDNs) towards the active areas of the microgrids where, regardless of the operating regimes, flexibility, economic efficiency, low power losses, and high power quality are ensured. Artificial intelligence techniques, combined with the smart devices and real-time remote communication solutions of the enormous data amounts, can represent the starting point in establishing decision-making strategies to solve one of the most important challenges related to phase load balancing (PLB). In this context, the purpose of the paper is to prove that a decision-making strategy based on a limited number of PLB devices installed at the consumers (small implementation degree) leads to similar technical benefits as in the case of full implementation in the EDNs. Thus, an original bi-level PLB methodology, considering a clustering-based selection criterion of the consumers for placement of the switching devices, was proposed. A real EDN from a rural area belonging to a Romanian DNO has been considered in testing the proposed methodology. An implementation degree of the PLB devices in the EDN by 17.5% represented the optimal solution, leading to a faster computational time with 43% and reducing the number of switching operations by 92%, compared to a full implementation degree (100%). The performance indicators related to the unbalance factor and energy-saving highlighted the efficiency of the proposed methodology.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Analysis of the Voltage Unbalance Factor in PV and EV Rich Non-Synthetic Low Voltage Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Tomislav Antić ◽  
Tomislav Capuder ◽  
Martin Bolfek
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
End Users ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Voltage Unbalance

With the development of technology and the decrease in prices, power systems are facing a strong growth in the number of end-users with photovoltaics (PVs), battery storages and electric vehicles (EVs). A penetration of low carbon (LC) technologies has an impact not only on the financial aspect, but also on parameters of the power quality (PQ) in the power system. Since most of end-users with renewable energy sources (RES) are connected to a low-voltage (LV) distribution network, there is a high number of single-phase loads and distributed generators (DG) that can cause unwanted effects in LV networks. According to standards, electric energy must be of a certain quality in order to avoid harmful effects on the power system, being both the network or the end-users equipment. One of the PQ parameters is the voltage unbalance. Voltage unbalance occurs in networks with the high share of single-phase loads and generators. Since most loads in households are connected to the only one phase, the voltage unbalance is constantly present in the network, even without LC technologies. Single-phase connected PVs, residential battery storages and EV charging stations can increase voltage unbalance in the system. This paper systematically analyzes a real-world LV network and different stages and shares of connected PVs, residential battery storages and EVs to different phases. The value of the voltage unbalance factor (VUF) is observed for one week in January and August in 10-min intervals. It is shown that connected systems can significantly increase the VUF and potentially cause negative impact on the equipment and the power system as a whole. In turn we analyze a three-phase connection of these new LC technologies and demonstrate how in all analyzed cases PQ values remain within boundaries defined by the EN 50160 and the IEC 61000-3-13.

Local Bifurcations of Electric Distribution Networks with Renewable Energy

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (07) ◽  
pp. 1450102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Sheng ◽  
Hsiao-Dong Chiang ◽  
Yan-Feng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Saddle Node Bifurcation ◽  
Underlying Distribution ◽  
Local Bifurcations ◽  
Saddle Node ◽  
Electric Distribution

Recent years have witnessed a growing trend towards the development and deployment of distributed generation (DG). It is shown that electric distribution networks with DGs can encounter two types of local bifurcations: saddle-node bifurcation and structure-induced bifurcation. The structure-induced bifurcation occurs when a transition between two structures of the distribution network takes place due to limited amount of reactive power supports from renewable energies. The saddle-node bifurcation occurs when the underlying distribution network reaches the limit of its delivery capability. The consequence of structure-induced bifurcation is an immediate instability induced by reactive power limits of renewable energy. It is numerically shown that both types of local bifurcations can occur at both small distribution networks and large-scale distribution networks with DGs. Physical explanations of these two local bifurcations are provided. Studies of local bifurcations in distribution networks provide insights regarding how to design controls to enhance distribution networks with DGs.

A study on appropriate investment of pipeline rehabilitation for water distribution network

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. Asakura ◽  
A. Koizumi ◽  
O. Odanagi ◽  
H. Watanabe ◽  
T. Inakazu
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Basis ◽  
Model Case

In Japan most of the water distribution networks were constructed during the 1960s to 1970s. Since these pipelines were used for a long period, pipeline rehabilitation is necessary to maintain water supply. Although investment for pipeline rehabilitation has to be planned in terms of cost-effectiveness, no standard method has been established because pipelines were replaced on emergency and ad hoc basis in the past. In this paper, a method to determine the maintenance of the water supply on an optimal basis with a fixed budget for a water distribution network is proposed. Firstly, a method to quantify the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation is examined. Secondly, two models using Integer Programming and Monte Carlo simulation to maximize the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation with limited budget were considered, and they are applied to a model case and a case study. Based on these studies, it is concluded that the Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the appropriate investment for the pipeline rehabilitation planning is both convenient and practical.

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