scholarly journals Sodium Alginate as a Potential Therapeutic Filler: An In Vivo Study in Rats

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Masanori Mori ◽  
Rintaro Asahi ◽  
Yoshihiro Yamamoto ◽  
Takanobu Mashiko ◽  
Kayo Yoshizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Capsule Formation ◽  
Filler Injection ◽  
Mannuronic Acid ◽  
Guluronic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
G Ratio

Filler injection demand is increasing worldwide, but no ideal filler with safety and longevity currently exists. Sodium alginate (SA) is the sodium salt of alginic acid, which is a polymeric polysaccharide obtained by linear polymerization of two types of uronic acid, d-mannuronic acid (M) and l-guluronic acid (G). This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic value of SA. Nine SA types with different M/G ratios and viscosities were tested and compared with a commercially available sodium hyaluronate (SH) filler. Three injection modes (onto the periosteum, intradermally, or subcutaneously) were used in six rats for each substance, and the animals were sacrificed at 4 or 24 weeks. Changes in the diameter and volume were measured macroscopically and by computed tomography, and histopathological evaluations were performed. SA with a low M/G ratio generally maintained skin uplift. The bulge gradually decreased over time but slightly increased at 4 weeks in some samples. No capsule formation was observed around SA. However, granulomatous reactions, including macrophage recruitment, were observed 4 weeks after SA implantation, although fewer macrophages and granulomatous reactions were observed at 24 weeks. The long-term volumizing effects and degree of granulomatous reactions differed depending on the M/G ratio and viscosity. By contrast, SH showed capsule formation but with minimal granulomatous reactions. The beneficial and adverse effects of SA as a filler differed according to the viscosity or M/G ratio, suggesting a better long-term volumizing effect than SH with relatively low immunogenicity

EXOCELLULAR ALGINIC ACID FROM AZOTOBACTER VINELANDII

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 993-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. J. Gorin ◽  
J. F. T. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Alginic Acid ◽  
Azotobacter Vinelandii ◽  
Specific Rotation ◽  
Mannuronic Acid ◽  
Guluronic Acid ◽  
Exocellular Polysaccharide

Azotobactervinelandii produces a partly acetylated exocellular polysaccharide which consists mainly of D-mannuronic acid units and a small proportion of L-guluronic acid units. It resembles alginic acid since it contains 4-O-linked mannuronosyl residues and guluronosyl residues which are 4-O- and (or) 5-O-linked. The specific rotation of bacterial sodium alginate is close to that of its algal counterpart, thus suggesting that the glycosidic configurations are similar.

The Fine Structure of Alginic Acid Components

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
S. Inoue ◽  
Y. Tanaka ◽  
S.C. Skoryna
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Alginic Acid ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Uronic Acids ◽  
Laminaria Hyperborea ◽  
Mannuronic Acid ◽  
Guluronic Acid ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Sodium alginate, a brown seaweed polysaccharide, is capable of preventing intestinal absorption of radioactive strontium and its radiotoxicological importance is now well established. Alginic acid was found to be composed of 1,4-linked poly-L-guluronic acid and poly-D-mannuronic acid chains with some glycosidic linkages between these uronic acids.Polyguluronic and polymannuronic acid were prepared by acid hydrolysis of alginic acid from Laminaria hyperborea followed by fractionation of the partially degraded sodium alginate at pH 2.8. These components consist almost exclusively of a single uronic acid (polyguluronic acid: man/gul = 0.27; polymannuronic acid: man/gul = 10.7). Sodium polyguluronate inhibits absorption of radiostrontium more effectively than sodium polymannuronate.

scholarly journals Effects of Molecular Weight and Guluronic Acid/Mannuronic Acid Ratio on the Rheological Behavior and Stabilizing Property of Sodium Alginate

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiao Jiao ◽  
Wenxue Chen ◽  
Yuqi Mei ◽  
Yonghuan Yun ◽  
Boqiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Acid Modification ◽  
Mannuronic Acid ◽  
Guluronic Acid ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Pseudoplastic Liquid ◽  
G Ratio

The aim of this study was to prepare sodium alginates (SAs) with different molecular weight and G/M ratio, and characterize their rheological behaviors and emulsifying properties. The result of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) showed that the chemical bonds among the β-d-mannuronic acid- (M-), α-l-guluronic acid- (G-), and MG-sequential blocks in the SA chains were not changed significantly by acid treatment. Meanwhile, the molecular weight and G/M ratio of the SA exhibited drastic variation after acid modification. The result of rheological analysis suggesting that the apparent viscosity of SA reduced from 30 to 16.4 mPa.s with the increase of shear rate, reveals that SA solution belongs to pseudoplastic liquid. Also, the apparent viscosity of acid-modified SA solution dropped rapidly with the decrease of the molecular weight. The properties of emulsions stabilized by SA, SA-Ms, and commercial SAs were evaluated via the interface tensiometry and determination of the zeta potential, droplet size, creaming index (CI), and Turbiscan stability index (TSI). Compared with the SA-stabilized emulsion, the interfacial tension of the emulsion stabilized by SA-M increased with the decrease of the molecular weight reduced at the similar M/G ratio. The decrease in zeta potential and the increase in TSI of the emulsion were observed with the decrease of molecular weight, indicating that molecular weight plays an important role on the emulsifying ability of SA. In addition, the SA with low G/M ratio can form emulsions with stable and fine droplets.

scholarly journals MSC encapsulation in alginate microcapsules prolongs survival after intra-articular injection, a longitudinal in vivo cell and bead integrity tracking study

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohrab Khatab ◽  
Maarten J. Leijs ◽  
Gerben van Buul ◽  
Joost Haeck ◽  
Nicole Kops ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Firefly Luciferase ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Mannuronic Acid ◽  
Guluronic Acid ◽  
Target Disease

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are promising candidates for use as a biological therapeutic. Since locally injected MSC disappear within a few weeks, we hypothesize that efficacy of MSC can be enhanced by prolonging their presence. Previously, encapsulation in alginate was suggested as a suitable approach for this purpose. We found no differences between the two alginate types, alginate high in mannuronic acid (High M) and alginate high in guluronic acid (High G), regarding MSC viability, MSC immunomodulatory capability, or retention of capsule integrity after subcutaneous implantation in immune competent rats. High G proved to be more suitable for production of injectable beads. Firefly luciferase-expressing rat MSC were used to track MSC viability. Encapsulation in high G alginate prolonged the presence of metabolically active allogenic MSC in immune competent rats with monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis for at least 8 weeks. Encapsulation of human MSC for local treatment by intra-articular injection did not significantly influence the effect on pain, synovial inflammation, or cartilage damage in this disease model. MSC encapsulation in alginate allows for an injectable approach which prolongs the presence of viable cells subcutaneously or in an osteoarthritic joint. Further fine tuning of alginate formulation and effective dosage for might be required in order to improve therapeutic efficacy depending on the target disease.

scholarly journals Effects of M/G Ratios of Sodium Alginate on Physicochemical Stability and Calcium Release Behavior of Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Calcium Carbonate

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Yang ◽  
Haomin Sui ◽  
Hongshan Liang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Pickering Emulsion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Release Behavior ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
G Ratio

The gel properties of sodium alginate (SA) have been revealed to be strongly correlated with its ratio of D-mannuronate to L-guluronate (M/G ratio). Herein, we focused on SA with different M/G ratios to conduct an in-depth study on the effect of the M/G ratio difference on physicochemical stability and calcium release behavior of the Pickering emulsion stabilized by calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The oil phase was added to the aqueous phase, prepared by SA with different M/G ratios (2.23, 0.89, and 0.56) and CaCO3, for one-step shearing to obtain the E1, E2, and E3 emulsions, respectively. The results of the particle size, microstructure, long-term stability, rheological, and microrheological properties of the emulsions showed that the E3 emulsion, prepared by SA with a smaller M/G ratio, had a smaller particle size and has remained in a flow condition during the long-term storage, while the E1 and E2 emulsions had a gelation behavior and a stronger viscoelasticity. Moreover, the emulsion, as a liquid calcium supplement, is not only convenient for oral intake while meeting the calcium needs of the body, but also controls the release of Ca2+. The calcium release of the emulsions in a simulated gastric environment demonstrated that the calcium release ratio increased with the decrease of SA concentration, with the increase of M/G ratio, and with the decrease of oil phase volume.

scholarly journals The Pseudomonas fluorescens AlgG Protein, but Not Its Mannuronan C-5-Epimerase Activity, Is Needed for Alginate Polymer Formation

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (12) ◽  
pp. 3515-3523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Gimmestad ◽  
Håvard Sletta ◽  
Helga Ertesvåg ◽  
Karianne Bakkevig ◽  
Sumita Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Azotobacter Vinelandii ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Alginate Lyase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mannuronic Acid ◽  
Guluronic Acid ◽  
Pure Cell ◽  
Pure Cell Line

ABSTRACT Bacterial alginates are produced as 1-4-linked β-d-mannuronan, followed by epimerization of some of the mannuronic acid residues to α-l-guluronic acid. Here we report the isolation of four different epimerization-defective point mutants of the periplasmic Pseudomonas fluorescens mannuronan C-5-epimerase AlgG. All mutations affected amino acids conserved among AlgG-epimerases and were clustered in a part of the enzyme also sharing some sequence similarity to a group of secreted epimerases previously reported in Azotobacter vinelandii. An algG-deletion mutant was constructed and found to produce predominantly a dimer containing a 4-deoxy-l- erythro-hex-4-enepyranosyluronate residue at the nonreducing end and a mannuronic acid residue at the reducing end. The production of this dimer is the result of the activity of an alginate lyase, AlgL, whose in vivo activity is much more limited in the presence of AlgG. A strain expressing both an epimerase-defective (point mutation) and a wild-type epimerase was constructed and shown to produce two types of alginate molecules: one class being pure mannuronan and the other having the wild-type content of guluronic acid residues. This formation of two distinct classes of polymers in a genetically pure cell line can be explained by assuming that AlgG is part of a periplasmic protein complex.

Long term in vivo reactions to PTFE and polyester in the cardiovascular system - what will be the fate of septal defect occlusion devices?

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sigler ◽  
S. Huell ◽  
R. Foth ◽  
W. Ruschewski ◽  
T. Tirilomis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Septal Defect

The depressing (negative) effect of oestradiol benzoate on the in vitro secretion of LH and FSH by the pituitary gland of the LRH-pretreated long-term ovariectomized rat changes into the augmentative (positive) effect after discontinuation of the LRH-pretreatment

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Schuiling ◽  
H. Moes ◽  
T. R. Koiter
Keyword(s):  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Perifusion System

Abstract. The effect of pretreatment in vivo with oestradiol benzoate on in vitro secretion of LH and FSH was studied in long-term ovariectomized (OVX) rats both at the end of a 5-day continuous in vivo pretreatment with LRH and 4-days after cessation of such LRH pretreatment. Rats were on day 0 sc implanted with osmotic minipumps which released LRH at the rate of 250 ng/h. Control rats were implanted with a piece of silicone elastomer with the dimensions of a minipump. On days 2 and 4 the rats were injected with either 3 μg EB or with oil. On day 5 part of the rats were decapitated and the in vitro autonomous (i.e. non-LRH-stimulated) and 'supra-maximally' LRHstimulated release of LH and FSH was studied using a perifusion system. From other rats the minipumps were removed on day 5 and perifusion was performed on day 9. On the 5th day of the in vivo LRH pretreatment the pituitary LH/FSH stores were partially depleted; the pituitaries of the EB-treated rats more so than those of the oil-injected rats. EB alone had no significant effect on the content of the pituitary LH- and FSH stores. On day 9, i.e. 4 days after removal of the minipumps, the pituitary LH and FSH contents had increased in both the oil- and the EB injected rats, but had not yet recovered to control values. In rats not subjected to the 5-days pretreatment with LRH EB had a positive effect on the supra-maximally LRH-stimulated secretion of LH and FSH as well as on the non-stimulated secretion of LH. EB had no effect on the non-stimulated secretion of FSH. After 5 days of in vivo pretreatment with LRH only, the in vitro non-stimulated and supra-maximally LRH-stimulated secretion of both LH and FSH were strongly impaired, the effect correlating well with the LRH-induced depletion of the pituitary LH/FSH stores. In such LRH-pretreated rats EB had on day 5 a negative effect on the (already depressed) LRH-stimulated secretion of LH (not on that of FSH). EB had no effect on the non-stimulated LH/FSH secretion. It could be demonstrated that the negative effect of the combined LRH/EB pretreatment was mainly due to the depressing effect of this treatment on the pituitary LH and FSH stores: the effect of oestradiol on the pituitary LRH-responsiveness (release as related to pituitary gonadotrophin content) remained positive. In LRH-pretreated rats, however, this positive effect of EB was smaller than in rats not pretreated with LRH. Four days after removal of the minipumps there was again a positive effect of EB on the LRH-stimulated secretion of LH and FSH as well as on the non-stimulated secretion of LH. The positive effect of EB on the pituitary LRH-responsiveness was as strong as in rats which had not been exposed to exogenous LRH. The non-stimulated secretion of FSH was again not affected by EB. The results demonstrate that the effect of EB on the oestrogen-sensitive components of gonadotrophin secretion consists of two components: an effect on the pituitary LRH-responsiveness proper, and an effect on the pituitary LH/FSH stores. The magnitude of the effect of EB on the LRH-responsiveness is LRH dependent: it is very weak (almost zero) in LRH-pretreated rats, but strong in rats not exposed to LRH as well as in rats of which the LRH-pretreatment was stopped 4 days previously. Similarly, the effect of EB on the pituitary LH and FSH stores is LRH-dependent: in the absence of LRH, EB has no influence on the contents of these stores, but EB can potentiate the depleting effect of LRH on the LH/FSH-stores. Also this effect disappear after cessation of the LRH-pretreatment.

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