Deep-Sea Anemones Are Prospective Source of New Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Compounds

The peculiarities of the survival and adaptation of deep-sea organisms raise interest in the study of their metabolites as promising drugs. In this work, the hemolytic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and enzyme-inhibitory activities of tentacle extracts from five species of sea anemones (Cnidaria, orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) collected near the Kuril and Commander Islands of the Far East of Russia were evaluated for the first time. The extracts of Liponema brevicorne and Actinostola callosa demonstrated maximal hemolytic activity, while high cytotoxic activity against murine splenocytes and Ehrlich carcinoma cells was found in the extract of Actinostola faeculenta. The extracts of Corallimorphus cf. pilatus demonstrated the greatest activity against Ehrlich carcinoma cells but were not toxic to mouse spleen cells. Sea anemones C. cf. pilatus and Stomphia coccinea are promising sources of antimicrobial and antifungal compounds, being active against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and yeast Candida albicans. Moreover, all sea anemones contain α-galactosidase inhibitors. Peptide mass fingerprinting of L. brevicorne and C. cf. pilatus extracts provided a wide range of peptides, predominantly with molecular masses of 4000–5900 Da, which may belong to a known or new structural class of toxins. The obtained data allow concluding that deep-sea anemones are a promising source of compounds for drug discovery.

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Relationship between morphometrics and trophic levels in deep-sea fishes

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps13243 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 637 ◽

pp. 225-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MA Ladds ◽

MH Pinkerton ◽

E Jones ◽

LM Durante ◽

MR Dunn

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotopes ◽

Trophic Level ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Ecosystem Model ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Fish Size ◽

Wide Range ◽

Gape Size ◽

Morphological Variables

Marine food webs are structured, in part, by predator gape size. Species found in deep-sea environments may have evolved such that they can consume prey of a wide range of sizes, to maximise resource intake in a low-productivity ecosystem. Estimates of gape size are central to some types of ecosystem model that determine which prey are available to predators, but cannot always be measured directly. Deep-sea species are hypothesized to have larger gape sizes than shallower-water species relative to their body size and, because of pronounced adaptive foraging behaviour, show only a weak relationship between gape size and trophic level. Here we present new data describing selective morphological measurements and gape sizes of 134 osteichthyan and chondrichthyan species from the deep sea (200-1300 m) off New Zealand. We describe how gape size (height, width and area) varied with factors including fish size, taxonomy (class and order within a class) and trophic level estimated from stable isotopes. For deep-sea species, there was a strong relationship between gape size and fish size, better predicted by body mass than total length, which varied by taxonomic group. Results show that predictions of gape size can be made from commonly measured morphological variables. No relationship between gape size and trophic level was found, likely a reflection of using trophic level estimates from stable isotopes as opposed to the commonly used estimates from FishBase. These results support the hypothesis that deep-sea fish are generalists within their environment, including suspected scavenging, even at the highest trophic levels.

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Corallimorpharians (Anthozoa: Corallimorpharia) from the Argentinean Sea

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4688.2.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4688 (2) ◽

pp. 249-263

Author(s):

DANIEL LAURETTA ◽

MARIANO I. MARTINEZ

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

Submarine Canyon ◽

Sister Group ◽

Southwestern Atlantic ◽

Sea Anemones ◽

Northern Patagonia ◽

Stony Corals ◽

Internal Morphology ◽

Southwestern Atlantic Ocean ◽

First Time

Corallimorpharians are a relative small group of anthozoan cnidarians, also known as jewel sea anemones. They resemble actiniarian sea anemones in lacking a skeleton and being solitary, but resemble scleractinian corals in external and internal morphology, and they are considered to be the sister group of the stony corals. Corynactis carnea (=Sphincteractis sanmatiensis) is a small, common and eye catching species that inhabits the shallow water of northern Patagonia and the Argentinean shelf up to 200 m depth. Corallimorphus rigidus is registered for the first time from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. It is a rather big and rare species that inhabits only the deep sea. Only two specimens were found at 2934 m depth in Mar del Plata submarine canyon, in an area under the influence of the Malvinas current, which may explain its occurrence. These two species are the only two known jewel sea anemones in the Argentinean sea and are reported and described herein.

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Gametogenesis and the reproductive cycle in the deep-sea anemone Paracalliactis stephensoni (Cnidaria: Actiniaria)

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315400034287 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 163-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Michel Praet-Van

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Shallow Water ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Phytoplankton Bloom ◽

Sea Anemone ◽

Bay Of Biscay ◽

Sea Anemones ◽

Spring Phytoplankton Bloom ◽

Sea Floor ◽

Ultrastructural Investigation

This ultrastructural investigation of gametogenesis in a deep-sea anemone of the Bay of Biscay trawled around 2000 m depth, contributes to the knowledge of biology and strategy of reproduction of deep-sea benthos.This sea anemone is dioecious. The sperm appears very similar to those of shallow water sea anemones of the genus, Calliactis. The ultrastructural investigation of oogenesis allows the characteristics of the stages of previtellogenesis and vitellogenesis to be defined. The latter begins with a period of lipogenesis correlated with the formation of a trophonema. Mature oocytes measure up to 180 (im in diameter. Study of spermatogenesis and oogenesis reveals that spawning occurs in April/May. In males, the main area of testicular cysts, full of sperm, reaches maximal development from March to May and, in females, the percentage of mature oocytes decreases from 33% in April to 1% in May.Spawning may be induced by the advent in the deep-sea of the products of the spring phytoplankton bloom. This period of spawning, during the increased deposition of organic matter to the deep-sea floor, may be an advantageous strategy for early development of Paracalliactis.

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Tata Wiron: branding galvanized wires

Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies ◽

10.1108/eemcs-11-2014-0273 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Vijay Pundalik Bhangale ◽

Maithili Prashant Dhuri

Keyword(s):

Learning Outcomes ◽

Market Segmentation ◽

Value Chain ◽

Far East ◽

Commodity Market ◽

Content Type ◽

Steel Wires ◽

Wide Range ◽

Major Player ◽

Depth Analysis

Subject area Marketing. Study level/applicability MBA Marketing Class. Case overview The case describes the transition of a “Galvanized Wires Business of Tata Steel” into a unique identity, the'Tata Wiron' brand. It focuses on key stages in this journey, including “Understanding the Customers in Galvanized Wires Business”, “Value Chain”, “Challenges Faced”, “Need for Branding”, “Market Segmentation”, “Competition”, “Process of Branding”, “Differentiation”, “Distribution & Sales” and “Promotion”. Tata Steel Wires Business is a major player in the steel wire industry, servicing the discerning needs of its customers across global markets and the leading producer of steel wires in India. A wealth of experience and expertise in the wire industry coupled with latest technology incorporations has enabled Tata Steel Wires Division to constantly meet the most exacting specifications and requirements of its customers. It manufactures a wide range of wires catering to the needs of various industry segments, such as automobile, infrastructure, power and general engineering. The products are well established across the markets of Europe, the USA, Middle East Asia, Australasia, South Asia and Asia and the Far East. Expected learning outcomes The expected learning outcomes are as follows: understanding how in-depth analysis of the competition and value chain establishes the need for branding in a commodity market; understanding how consumer insights help in market segmentation and targeting; and building a brand in commodity market. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.

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Rapid Method for localizing Beta-glucuronidase in Populations of Human Leucocytes and of Mouse Ehrlich Carcinoma Cells

Nature ◽

10.1038/212312b0 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 212 (5059) ◽

pp. 312-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

WILLIAM H. FISHMAN ◽

RONALD DELELLIS

Keyword(s):

Rapid Method ◽

Carcinoma Cells ◽

Ehrlich Carcinoma

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Vegetation responses to interglacial warming in the Arctic: examples from Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic

Climate of the Past ◽

10.5194/cp-9-1211-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1211-1219 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

A. V. Lozhkin ◽

P. M. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Deciduous Forest ◽

Russian Far East ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Far East ◽

The Arctic ◽

Dark Coniferous Forest ◽

Vegetation Responses ◽

Wide Range ◽

Lake El’Gygytgyn ◽

Shrub Tundra

Abstract. Preliminary analyses of Lake El'gygytgyn sediment indicate a wide range of ecosystem responses to warmer than present climates. While palynological work describing all interglacial vegetation is ongoing, sufficient data exist to compare recent warm events (the postglacial thermal maximum, PGTM, and marine isotope stage, MIS5) with "super" interglaciations (MIS11, MIS31). Palynological assemblages associated with these climatic optima suggest two types of vegetation responses: one dominated by deciduous taxa (PGTM, MIS5) and the second by evergreen conifers (MIS11, MIS31). MIS11 forests show a similarity to modern Picea–Larix–Betula–Alnus forests of Siberia. While dark coniferous forest also characterizes MIS31, the pollen taxa show an affinity to the boreal forest of the lower Amur valley (southern Russian Far East). Despite vegetation differences during these thermal maxima, all glacial–interglacial transitions are alike, being dominated by deciduous woody taxa. Initially Betula shrub tundra established and was replaced by tundra with tree-sized shrubs (PGTM), Betula woodland (MIS5), or Betula–Larix (MIS11, MIS31) forest. The consistent occurrence of deciduous forest and/or high shrub tundra before the incidence of maximum warmth underscores the importance of this biome for modeling efforts. The El'gygytgyn data also suggest a possible elimination or massive reduction of Arctic plant communities under extreme warm-earth scenarios.

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Phylogenetic Relationships among Deep-Sea and Chemosynthetic Sea Anemones: Actinoscyphiidae and Actinostolidae (Actiniaria: Mesomyaria)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0010958 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. e10958 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Estefanía Rodríguez ◽

Marymegan Daly

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Sea Anemones

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Influence of metronidazole and some electron acceptors on the chlorin e6 photosensitized killing of Ehrlich carcinoma cells

10.1117/12.60936 ◽

1992 ◽

Author(s):

V. Chekulayev ◽

Igor Shevchuk ◽

Virgo T. Mihkelsoo ◽

A. P. Kallikorm

Keyword(s):

Electron Acceptors ◽

Carcinoma Cells ◽

Ehrlich Carcinoma

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PERSPECTIVES OF BREEDING OF VEGETABLE CROPS OF FABACEAE FAMILY TO BEAN YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS (Potyvirus, Potyviridae) RESISTANCE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MOSCOW REGION

VEGETABLE CROPS OF RUSSIA ◽

10.18619/2072-9146-2018-6-77-83 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 77-83

Author(s):

I. A. Engalycheva ◽

E. G. Kozar ◽

A. A. Antoshkin ◽

E. P. Pronina ◽

Y. G. Volkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Causative Agent ◽

Host Plants ◽

Far East ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Moscow Region ◽

Kidney Bean ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Distribution Area ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Wide Range

In the context of climate change phytomonitoring of the prevalence of the most common viral pathogens on the crops becomes even more important, because during the last decades the harmfulness of those pathogens, in particular Bean yellow mosaic (BYMV) has grown in intensity. The causative agent as the most members of Рotyvirus genus, has a wide range of host plants belonging to various families including Fabaceae. In Russia the virus was for the first time identified in the south of the Far East, where in the middle of XX century the massive damage of clove, lupine, sweet pea, pea, bean and Russian bean was observed. The distribution area of BYMV considerably expanded after advancement of heat-loving leguminous crops towards north. During the last years epiphytotics were reported in the planted crops of kidney bean (Phasйolus vulgбris L.), and Russian bean (Faba bona Medik. var. major Harz.) under conditions of temperate continental climate of nonchernozem belt in the RF. It is not feasible to eradicate natural BYMV foci, while the control of the causative agent carriers as a preventive measure is not very effective. There fore at present the search for the sources of resistance to BYMV and creation of parent selection material is a priority area of our phytopatologic research. At the present stage the tasks included: identification and study of the properties of BYMV Moscow isolates; integral assessment of resistance and other economically valuable characteristics of collection material and breeding stock material of kidney bean (810 specimens) and Russian bean (40 specimens) generated in the Laboratory of Legume Selection and Seed Production, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center”. To achieve the goal visual, serological diagnostic methods were used together with biotesting and electron microscopy. The research revealed special physical-chemical characteristics of BYMV Moscow isolates characterized by 100% harmfulness when occurred as co-infection with the other viruses. The main symptoms caused by the above isolates in indicator plants and host plants under conditions of Moscow Region have been described. Evaluation of collection and selection materials of kidney bean and Russian bean formed the basis for identification of the sources of resistance to BYMV exhibiting integrated economically valuable properties (early ripeness, bean shape and color, productivity, etc.). These specimens have been included into selection program of the Federal Research Vegetable Center which is aimed on creation of high-productive varieties of the kidney bean meeting the modern market demands.

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