Aerobic exercise-induced changes in body composition and blood lipids in young women

The objective of the study was to assess changes in body composition, blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in 18–24-year-old women during the period of two-month aerobic cycling training. Material and methods. Young, healthy, nonsmoking women (n=19) volunteered to participate in this study. They were divided in two groups: experimental (E, n=10) and control (C, n=9). The subjects of group E exercised 3 times a week with intensity of the first ventilatory threshold and duration of 60 min. The group C did not exercise regularly over a two-month period of the experiment. The subjects of group E were tested before and after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of the experiment. The participants of group C were tested twice with an eight-week interval. Results. Body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, and triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration decreased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-ch) concentration increased after the 8-week training program in the experimental group (P<0.05). Blood total cholesterol (Tch) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-ch) concentrations did not change significantly. Body weight and body mass index started to decrease after 2 weeks of the experiment, but significant changes were observed only after 6 and 8 weeks. Body fat mass was significantly decreased after 2 and 8 weeks of aerobic training. A significant increase in HDL-ch concentration was observed after 4, 6, and 8 weeks. A significant decrease in TAG concentration was observed after 2-week training. No significant changes in all the parameters except TAG (it was slightly increased) were seen in the control group. Conclusions. The two-month aerobic cycling training (within VT1, 60-min duration, three times a week) may induce significant changes in the parameters of body composition – body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, and blood lipids – in young women. The following significant changes were observed: TAG level decreased after 2 weeks, body mass and body mass index decreased after 6 weeks, body fat mass decreased and HDL-ch level increased after 8 weeks. Peak oxygen uptake increased after 4 weeks.

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Peculiarities of Physical Fitness and Body Composition of 5—7 Year-Old Children of Several Kaunas Preschools and Interaction between those Indexes

Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences ◽

10.33607/bjshs.v2i73.432 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (73) ◽

Author(s):

Sandrija Čapkauskienė ◽

Kristina Visagurskienė ◽

Rima Bakienė ◽

Irena Vitkienė ◽

Daiva Vizbaraitė

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

General Physical

Childhood obesity is a key public health issue around the globe in developed and developing countries (Dugan, 2008). The recent worldwide increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity may be due in part to a decrease in children’s physical activity levels (Ball et al., 2001). It is necessary to develop early interventions to improve physical fitness in children and to prevent the increase of childhood obesity (Brunet et al., 2006). So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition and physical fitness of children aged 5—7 years and to estimate the interaction between body composition components and physical fitness tests. Participants: 216 children participated in this study: 104 girls, mean age 5.90 ± 0.63 years and 112 boys — mean age 5.98 ± 0.50 years from Kaunas city (Lithuania) preschools. Methods: all the subjects have been measured for their height, body mass, waist circumference (WC) and skinfolds at 2 different places — triceps and subscapular. Body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat mass (BFM) were evaluated. All the participants did four physical fitness tests including speed shuttle run, 20 meters distance run, standing long jump and throwing 1 kg ball. General physical fitness level was evaluated based on B. Sekita (1988) methods. Results. Results showed that BMI did not significantly differ between boys and girls, and was evaluated as “optimal” for both groups. BFM was significantly higher in girls (p < 0.001), and WC did not differ between genders. But WC had a tendency to increase with age in both boys and girls. Strong relationship was observed between BMI and BFM (r = 0.660, r = 0.660 respectively; p < 0.01), and between BMI and WC (r = 0.703, r = 0.826 respectively; p < 0.01) for both boys and girls. The results of physical tests showed that boys did all the tests better than girls (p < 0.01). When we evaluated the general physical fitness of each child, the results indicated that their physical fitness waslow, evaluated as “good enough” for most boys and girls. General physical fitness of children negatively but slightly correlated with BFM (r = –0.201; p < 0.001), it indicated that higher BFM determined lower evaluation of general physical fitness.Conclusions. Optimal body weight, according to body mass index, percentage body fat mass and waist circumference, was established for the bigger part of children, aged 5—7 years old. This study shows that physical fitness of children was low — evaluated as “good enough” and negatively correlated with body fat mass, showing that high body fat mass negatively impacted physical fitness.Key words: body mass index, percentage body fat mass, waist circumference, physical fitness.

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Evaluation of spirometric parameters and maximum oxygen consumption in athletes and non-athletes

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1806157r ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 (5-6) ◽

pp. 157-161

Author(s):

Aleksandra Rakovac ◽

Lana Andric ◽

Vedrana Karan ◽

Maja Bogdan ◽

Danijel Slavic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽

Low Degree

Introduction. There is a great interest to identify factors that influence the value of maximum oxygen consumption. The goal of this research was to assess the body composition, pulmonary parameters, and maximum oxygen consumption in different types of sports and in non-athletes. Material and Methods. The research included 149 male participants: aerobic athletes (n = 55), anaerobic athletes (n = 53) and non-athletes (n = 41). The participants were tested at the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Novi Sad. Anthropometric parameters and body mass index were measured. Also, the body fat mass was determined by bioelectrical impedance. pulmonary parameters by spirometry and maximum oxygen consumption on a bicycle ergometer. Results. The body mass index values in non-athletes were the highest and significantly different compared to the aerobic athletes (p = 0.01). Also, non-athletes had significantly higher values of body fat mass compared to athletes (p < 0.001). The pulmonary parameters were not significantly different between the tested groups (p > 0.05). However. the values of maximum oxygen consumption were significantly different between all three tested groups (aerobic athletes 53.75 ? 7.82 ml/kg/min; anaerobic athletes 48.04 ? 6.79 ml/kg/min; non-athletes 41.95 ? 8.53 ml/kg/min) (p < 0.001). A low degree of correlation was found between maximum oxygen consumption and pulmonary parameters in the tested groups. Conclusion. Body composition has an impact on the pulmonary parameters. The values of maximum oxygen consumption depend on the type of sport and training. and the highest values are in aerobic sports. There is a low degree of correlation between maximum oxygen consumption and pulmonary parameters in the tested groups.

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Prospective associations of maternal choline status with offspring body composition in the first 5 years of life in two large mother–offspring cohorts: the Southampton Women’s Survey cohort and the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes cohort

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyy291 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 433-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Linde van Lee ◽

Sarah R Crozier ◽

Izzuddin M Aris ◽

Mya T Tint ◽

Suresh Anand Sadananthan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Growing Up ◽

Infancy And Early Childhood

Abstract Background Choline status has been positively associated with weight and fat mass in animal and human studies. As evidence examining maternal circulating choline concentrations and offspring body composition in human infants/children is lacking, we investigated this in two cohorts. Methods Maternal choline concentrations were measured in the UK Southampton Women’s Survey (SWS; serum, n = 985, 11 weeks’ gestation) and Singapore Growing Up Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO); n = 955, 26–28 weeks’ gestation) mother–offspring cohorts. Offspring anthropometry was measured at birth and up to age 5 years. Body fat mass was determined using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at birth and age 4 years for SWS; and using air-displacement plethysmography at birth and age 5 years for GUSTO. Linear-regression analyses were performed, adjusting for confounders. Results In SWS, higher maternal choline concentrations were associated with higher neonatal total body fat mass {β = 0.60 standard deviation [SD]/5 µmol/L maternal choline [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04–1.16]} and higher subscapular skinfold thickness [β = 0.55 mm/5 µmol/L (95% CI, 0.12–1.00)] at birth. In GUSTO, higher maternal choline concentrations were associated with higher neonatal body mass index-for-age z-score [β = 0.31 SD/5 µmol/L (0.10–0.51)] and higher triceps [β = 0.38 mm/5 µmol/L (95% CI, 0.11–0.65)] and subscapular skinfold thicknesses [β = 0.26 mm/5 µmol/L (95% CI, 0.01–0.50)] at birth. No consistent trends were observed between maternal choline and offspring gain in body mass index, skinfold thicknesses, abdominal circumference, weight, length/height and adiposity measures in later infancy and early childhood. Conclusion Our study provides evidence that maternal circulating choline concentrations during pregnancy are positively associated with offspring BMI, skinfold thicknesses and adiposity at birth, but not with growth and adiposity through infancy and early childhood to the age of 5 years.

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Characterization of Body Composition and Fat Mass Distribution 1 Year After Kidney Transplantation

Progress in Transplantation ◽

10.1177/1526924816681007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 10-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Catherine Pantik ◽

Young-Eun Cho ◽

Donna Hathaway ◽

Elizabeth Tolley ◽

Ann Cashion

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Weight ◽

Kidney Transplantation ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Total Body Fat ◽

Total Body

Purpose: In some recipients, significant weight gain occurs after kidney transplantation. Weight gain is associated with poor outcomes, particularly increased cardiovascular risk. In this study, we characterized changes in body mass index and body fat mass and compared them based on gender and race. Methods: Fifty-two kidney transplant recipients (aged ≥18 years old, 50% men, 58% African American) were enrolled into a prospective study. Body mass index and body fat mass were measured at baseline and 12 months posttransplant. Body fat mass was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The mean increase in body weight was 3.7kg at 12 months; 36.5% (n=19) gained at least 10% of their baseline body weight. Body mass index, percentage of total body fat, and trunk fat were significantly increased. In subgroups, women and African American showed significant increases in body mass index and body fat measures. More participants were classified as obese based on total body fat compared to body mass index. Calories from fat were significantly increased at 12 months and associated with increased body mass index, total body fat, and trunk fat. Days of physical activity were significantly increased. Conclusion: Both body mass index and total body fat mass were significantly increased at 12 months following kidney transplantation, especially for women and African Americans. Importantly, more participants were classified as obese based on total body fat compared to body mass index. Relevant nutrition and physical intervention should be provided, and both body mass index and body fat mass should be evaluated when monitoring weight gain.

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Effect of a Precompetition and Postcompetition Training Regime on Body Composition of Soccer Players

Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences ◽

10.33607/bjshs.v2i56.643 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (56) ◽

Author(s):

Alina Gailiūnienė ◽

Viačislavas Novikovas

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Water Mass ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Competition Period ◽

Free Body

The purpose of this investigation was to document the body composition elements’ changes, preparing an initialprecompetition and postcompetition training programme of soccer players. Body composition measurements weretaken 10 weeks prior to competition, at 2 hours before competition and 4 weeks after competition period (week 14).There were investigated: body height (BH), body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), fat freebody mass (FFBM), fat free body mass index (FFBMI), body water mass (BWM), water free body mass (WFBM), waterfree body mass index (WFBMI). Body mass, the percent age of BFM and BWM at all body mass was calculated usingthe whole body bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with “Tanita” monitor (Japan).Body mass and body composition values of soccer players varied at precompetition, competition and postcompetitionperiods. The decreased body mass at competition period by 8.16% is the result of lost body fat mass and body watermass. Fat free body mass index (FFBMI) and water free body mass index (WFBMI) indicate, that soccer players atprecompetition and competition period did not use lean tissue, that positively related to the restoration of bodycomposition and water balance at postcompetition period.Keywords: body composition, body mass, body fat mass, body water mass.

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Prevalence of obesity using the body mass index and equivalent age- and sex-specific thresholds for percentage body fat mass

Obesity Research & Clinical Practice ◽

10.1016/j.orcp.2013.12.668 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e93

Author(s):

Julie A. Pasco ◽

Haslinda Gould ◽

Kara L. Holloway ◽

Amelia G. Dobbins ◽

Mark A. Kotowicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Equivalent Age ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Age And Sex

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An investigation into the effect of body mass index on the agreement between whole-body fat mass determined by MRI and air-displacement plethysmography

British Journal of Radiology ◽

10.1259/bjr.20190300 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 92 (1103) ◽

pp. 20190300

Author(s):

Andrew D. Weedall ◽

Adrian J. Wilson ◽

Sarah C. Wayte

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Whole Body ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Test Objects

Objective: To validate MRI fat measurement protocols using purpose built test objects and by comparison with air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) whole-body fat measurements in non-obese subjects. Methods: Test objects of known fat concentration were used to quantify the accuracy of the MRI measurements. 10 participants with a body mass index in the range 18–30 underwent whole-body MRI using two different Dixon-based sequences (LAVA Flex and IDEAL IQ) to obtain an estimate of their whole-body fat mass. The MRI determined fat mass was compared to the fat mass determined by ADP. Results: MRI test object measurements showed a high correlation to expected fat percentage (r > 0.98). The participant MRI and ADP results were highly correlated (r = 0.99) but on average (mean ± standard deviation) MRI determined a higher fat mass than ADP (3.8 ± 3.1 kg for LAVA Flex and 1.9 ± 3.2 kg for IDEAL IQ). There was no trend in the difference between MRI and ADP with total fat mass. Conclusion: The good agreement between MRI and ADP shows that Dixon-based MRI can be used effectively as a tool in physiological research for non-obese adults. Advances in knowledge: This work found that for ten non-obese subjects body mass index had no effect on the MRI determination of whole-body fat mass.

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