scholarly journals Optimization of MCM-41 Mesoporous Material Mixed Matrix Polyethersulfone Membrane for Dye Removal

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Rana J. Kadhim ◽  
Faris H. Al-Ani ◽  
Qusay F. Alsalhy ◽  
Alberto Figoli
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Mesoporous Material ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Pes Membrane ◽  
Wasted Energy ◽  
Mcm 41

The aim of this work is the optimization of the operating conditions under which MCM-41-mesoporous material can be incorporated into polyethersulfone (PES)/MCM-41 membranes for nanofiltration (NF) applications. MCM-41 mesoporous material mixed matrix PES membranes have the potential to reduce membrane fouling by organic dye molecules. Process optimization and modeling aim to reduce wasted energy while maintaining high flow during the operation to handle the energy efficiency problems membranes often have. An optimization technique was applied to obtain optimum values for some key parameters in the process to produce a certain amount of flux above the desired values. Response surface methodology (RSM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used as mathematical and statistical analyses to improve the performance of the process on a larger scale. This work investigated the influence of the operating parameters, such as the feed pH values (3–11), MCM-41 content (0–1 wt.%), and the feed dye concentration (10–100 ppm) for each of the two studied dyes, acid black 210 (AB-210) and rose bengal (RB), and their interactions on the PES membrane permeability. The results showed that the PES membrane had the best performance at 64.25 (L·m−2·h−1·bar-1) and 63.16 (L·m−2·h−1·bar-1) for the AB-210 and RB dyes, respectively. An MCM-41 content of nearly 0.8 wt.% in the casting solution, feed dye concentration of 10 ppm for the studied dyes, and feed pH of 3 for the RB dye was found to be the optimal parameters for eliciting the response. The pH had no significant influence on the response for the AB-210 dye, while the pH shows some minor effects on response with the RB dye, and the Pareto chart of the standardized effects on the permeation flux of both dyes using statistically significant at the 5% significance level support these results.

scholarly journals Ionic liquid-modified MCM-41-polymer mixed matrix membrane for butanol pervaporation

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 190291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifang Li ◽  
Dandan Yan ◽  
Yanhui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
Mesoporous Molecular Sieve ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽  
Permeation Flux ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Mcm 41

Because of the preferential butanol selectivity of some ionic liquids (ILs), an increasing amount of research has appeared regarding their application in butanol separation. In this research, two ionic liquids, namely, 1-ethyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([EVIM][Tf 2 N], IL1) and N -octyl-pyridinium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([OMPY][Tf 2 N], IL2), were applied to modify a mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41. The IL-modified MCM-41 samples were characterized by XPS, BET, XRD, SEM and TEM. The ionic liquid-modified MCM-41 was incorporated into the polymer PEBA to prepare mixed matrix membranes to study the influences of the filling of IL-modified MCM-41 and operating conditions on the performance of the mixed matrix membrane for butanol pervaporation. The results indicated that the pervaporation performance of the PEBA membrane was enhanced by the incorporation of IL-modified MCM-41. When the temperature of the feeding liquid was 35°C and the mass fraction of butanol was 2.5 wt%, the 5% MCM-41-IL2-PEBA membrane showed a permeation flux of 421.7 g m −2 h −1 and a separation factor of 25.4. The permeation flux and the separation factor of the membrane increased as the temperature of the feeding liquid increased. The results of the long-period experiment suggested that the 5% MCM-41-IL2-PEBA membrane exhibited high stability within 100 h of operation.

Nanofiltration of colored surface water: Quebec's experience

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
P. Kouadio ◽  
M. Tétrault
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Eastern Canada

Three colored surface water nanofiltration pilot-scale projects were conducted in the province of Quebec (eastern Canada), between November 2000 and March 2002, by the company H2O Innovation (2000) inc., for the municipalities of Lac Bouchette, Latulipe-et-Gaboury and Charlesbourg (now part of Quebec City). Results indicated that nanofiltration permeate quality has an advance on present drinking water regulation standard in Quebec, but important membrane fouling occurred. Fouling can be controlled by pretreatment and optimization of the operating conditions.

Improvement of the Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Magnetic Head Sliders by Optimum Design

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromu Hashimoto ◽  
Yasuhisa Hattori
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Optimum Design ◽  
Amplitude Ratio ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Hard Disk Drives ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Disk Surface ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Magnetic Head ◽  
Design Variables

The aim of this paper is to develop a general methodology for the optimum design of magnetic head sliders in improving the spacing characteristics between a slider and disk surface under static and dynamic operating conditions of hard disk drives and to present an application of the methodology to the IBM 3380-type slider design. To generate the optimal design variables, the objective function is defined as the weighted sum of the minimum spacing, the maximum difference in the spacing due to variation of the radial location of the head, and the maximum amplitude ratio of the slider motion. Slider rail width, taper length, taper angle, suspension position, and preload are selected as the design variables. Before the optimization of the head, the effects of these five design variables on the objective function are examined by a parametric study, and then the optimum design variables are determined by applying the hybrid optimization technique, combining the direct search method and successive quadratic programming. From the obtained results, the effectiveness of optimum design on the spacing characteristics of magnetic heads is clarified. [S0742-4787(00)03701-2]

scholarly journals Membrane Fouling Controlled by Adjustment of Biological Treatment Parameters in Step-Aerating MBR

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Dimitra C. Banti ◽  
Manassis Mitrakas ◽  
Petros Samaras
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fouling Reduction

A promising solution for membrane fouling reduction in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) could be the adjustment of operating parameters of the MBR, such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), food/microorganisms (F/M) loading and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, aiming to modify the sludge morphology to the direction of improvement of the membrane filtration. In this work, these parameters were investigated in a step-aerating pilot MBR that treated municipal wastewater, in order to control the filamentous population. When F/M loading in the first aeration tank (AT1) was ≤0.65 ± 0.2 g COD/g MLSS/d at 20 ± 3 °C, DO = 2.5 ± 0.1 mg/L and HRT = 1.6 h, the filamentous bacteria were controlled effectively at a moderate filament index of 1.5–3. The moderate population of filamentous bacteria improved the membrane performance, leading to low transmembrane pressure (TMP) at values ≤2 kPa for a great period, while at the control MBR the TMP gradually increased reaching 14 kPa. Soluble microbial products (SMP), were also maintained at low concentrations, contributing additionally to the reduction of ΤΜP. Finally, the step-aerating MBR process and the selected imposed operating conditions of HRT, F/M and DO improved the MBR performance in terms of fouling control, facilitating its future wider application.

Investigation of long-term operation and biomass activity in a membrane bioreactor system

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1906-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simos Malamis ◽  
Andreas Andreadakis ◽  
Daniel Mamais ◽  
Constantinos Noutsopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Solids Retention ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

The aim of this work was to evaluate the long-term performance of a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) that operated continuously for 2.5 years and to assess membrane fouling and biomass activity under various operating conditions. Furthermore, a method for the characterisation of influent wastewater was developed based on its separation into various fractions. The MBR system operated at the solids retention times (SRT) of 10, 15, 20 and 33 days. The increase of SRT resulted in a decrease of the fouling rate associated with the reduction of extracellular polymeric substances. Moreover, the SRT increase resulted in a significant reduction of the Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR) due to the lower availability of substrate and in a notable decrease of the maximum OUR since high SRT allowed the development of slower growing microorganisms. Biomass consisted of small flocs due to extensive deflocculation caused by intense aeration. Finally, the method developed for wastewater characterisation is straightforward and less time consuming than the usual method that is employed.

scholarly journals Investigation on membrane fouling in ultrafiltration of latex solution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Abdelrasoul
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types

The low-pressure membrane applications are considered to be the most effective and sustainable methods of addressing environmental problems in treating water and wastewater that meets or exceed stringent environmental standards. Nevertheless, membrane fouling is one of the primary operational concerns that is currently hindering a more widespread application of ultrafiltration (UF) with a variety of contaminants. Membrane fouling leads to higher operating costs, higher energy demand, reduced membrane life time, and increased cleaning frequency. As a consequence, an efficient and well-planned UF process is becoming a necessity for consistent and long-term monetary returns. Examining the source and mechanisms of foulant attachment to the membrane’s surface is critical when it comes to the research of membrane fouling and its potential practical implementation. A mathematical model was developed in this study in order to predict the amount of fouling based on an analysis of particle attachments. This model was developed using both homogeneous and heterogeneous membranes, with a uniform and non-uniform pore sizes for the UF of simulated latex effluent with a wide range of particle size distribution. The objective of this mathematical model was to effectively identify and address the common shortcomings of previous fouling models, and to account for the existing chemical attachments in membrane fouling. The mathematical model resulting from this study was capable of accurately predicting the mass of fouling retained by the membrane and the increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP). In addition, predictive models of fouling attachments were derived and now form an extensive set of mathematical models necessary for the prediction of membrane fouling at a given operating condition, as well as, the various membrane surface charges. Polycarbonate and Polysulfone flat membranes, with pore sizes of 0.05 μm and a molecular weight cut off of 60,000 respectively, were used in the experimental designs under a constant feed flow rate and a cross-flow mode in UF of the simulated latex paint effluent. The TMP estimated from the model agreed with the experimentally measured values at different operating conditions, mostly within 5.0 - 8.0 % error, and up to 13.0% error for the uniform, and non-uniform pore size membranes, respectively. Furthermore, different types of membranes with a variety of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) values were tested so as to evaluate the accuracy of the models for a generalized application. In addition , a power consumption model, incorporating fouling attachment as well as chemical and physical factors in membrane fouling, was developed in order to ensure accurate prediction and scale-up. Innovative remediation techniques were likewise developed and applied in order to minimize membrane fouling, enhance the membrane performance, and save energy. Fouling remediation methodologies included the pre-treating of the latex effluent, so as to limit its fouling propensity by using different types of surfactants as cationic and anionic, in addition to the pH change. The antifouling properties of the membranes were improved through the implementation of the membrane pH treatment and anionic surfactant treatment. Increasing the ionic strength of latex effluent or enhancing the membrane surface hydrophilicity facilitated a significant increase in the cumulative permeate flux, a substantial decrease in the total mass of fouling, and a noticeable decrease in the specific power consumption.

scholarly journals Effect of pH on membrane fouling during alcohol dehydrogenase immobilization in PES membrane

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Nurshahira Hazwani Hamran ◽  
Fauziah Marpani ◽  
Nur Hidayati Othman ◽  
Nik Raikhan Nik Him ◽  
Nur Hashimah Alias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzyme Immobilization ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Enzyme Loading ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Observed Rejection ◽  
Pes Membrane ◽  
Blocking Mechanism

Fouling-induced enzyme immobilization is a technique to immobilize enzyme by positively manipulating the knowledge of membrane fouling. In this study, Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) (EC 1.1.1.1) was immobilized in the support layer of ultrafiltration PES membrane at different solution pH (acid, neutral and alkaline). ADH catalyses formaldehyde (CHOH) to methanol (CH3OH) and simultaneously oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to NAD+. The initial feed amount of enzyme is 3.0 mg. The objective of the study aims at the effect of different pH of feed solution during enzyme immobilization, in terms of permeate flux, observed rejection, enzyme loading and fouling mechanism. The results showed that, pH 5 holds the highest enzyme loading which is 65% while pH 7 holds the lowest at 52% out of 3.0 mg as the initial enzyme feed. The permeate flux for each pH decreased with increasing cumulative permeate volume. The observed rejection is inversely correlated with the pH where increase in pH will cause a lower observed rejection. The fouling model predicted that irreversible fouling occurs during enzyme immobilization at pH 7 with standard blocking mechanism while reversible fouling occurs at pH 5 and 9 with intermediate and complete blocking, respectively.

scholarly journals Investigation on membrane fouling in ultrafiltration of latex solution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Abdelrasoul
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types

The low-pressure membrane applications are considered to be the most effective and sustainable methods of addressing environmental problems in treating water and wastewater that meets or exceed stringent environmental standards. Nevertheless, membrane fouling is one of the primary operational concerns that is currently hindering a more widespread application of ultrafiltration (UF) with a variety of contaminants. Membrane fouling leads to higher operating costs, higher energy demand, reduced membrane life time, and increased cleaning frequency. As a consequence, an efficient and well-planned UF process is becoming a necessity for consistent and long-term monetary returns. Examining the source and mechanisms of foulant attachment to the membrane’s surface is critical when it comes to the research of membrane fouling and its potential practical implementation. A mathematical model was developed in this study in order to predict the amount of fouling based on an analysis of particle attachments. This model was developed using both homogeneous and heterogeneous membranes, with a uniform and non-uniform pore sizes for the UF of simulated latex effluent with a wide range of particle size distribution. The objective of this mathematical model was to effectively identify and address the common shortcomings of previous fouling models, and to account for the existing chemical attachments in membrane fouling. The mathematical model resulting from this study was capable of accurately predicting the mass of fouling retained by the membrane and the increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP). In addition, predictive models of fouling attachments were derived and now form an extensive set of mathematical models necessary for the prediction of membrane fouling at a given operating condition, as well as, the various membrane surface charges. Polycarbonate and Polysulfone flat membranes, with pore sizes of 0.05 μm and a molecular weight cut off of 60,000 respectively, were used in the experimental designs under a constant feed flow rate and a cross-flow mode in UF of the simulated latex paint effluent. The TMP estimated from the model agreed with the experimentally measured values at different operating conditions, mostly within 5.0 - 8.0 % error, and up to 13.0% error for the uniform, and non-uniform pore size membranes, respectively. Furthermore, different types of membranes with a variety of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) values were tested so as to evaluate the accuracy of the models for a generalized application. In addition , a power consumption model, incorporating fouling attachment as well as chemical and physical factors in membrane fouling, was developed in order to ensure accurate prediction and scale-up. Innovative remediation techniques were likewise developed and applied in order to minimize membrane fouling, enhance the membrane performance, and save energy. Fouling remediation methodologies included the pre-treating of the latex effluent, so as to limit its fouling propensity by using different types of surfactants as cationic and anionic, in addition to the pH change. The antifouling properties of the membranes were improved through the implementation of the membrane pH treatment and anionic surfactant treatment. Increasing the ionic strength of latex effluent or enhancing the membrane surface hydrophilicity facilitated a significant increase in the cumulative permeate flux, a substantial decrease in the total mass of fouling, and a noticeable decrease in the specific power consumption.

The effect of phosphate treatment on nickel dispersion on MCM-41 mesoporous material

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Soo Park ◽  
Sang Joon Choe ◽  
Dong Ho Park
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Material ◽  
Phosphate Treatment ◽  
Nickel Dispersion ◽  
Mcm 41
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