scholarly journals Recycling Lithium from Waste Lithium Bromide to Produce Lithium Hydroxide

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Wenjie Gao ◽  
Xinlai Wei ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Jie Jin ◽  
Ke Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Hydrobromic Acid ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lithium Hydroxide ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
High Current ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Initial Salt

Lithium resources face risks of shortages owing to the rapid development of the lithium industry. This makes the efficient production and recycling of lithium an issue that should be addressed immediately. Lithium bromide is widely used as a water-absorbent material, a humidity regulator, and an absorption refrigerant in the industry. However, there are few studies on the recovery of lithium from lithium bromide after disposal. In this paper, a bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) process is proposed to convert waste lithium bromide into lithium hydroxide, with the generation of valuable hydrobromic acid as a by-product. The effects of the current density, the feed salt concentration, and the initial salt chamber volume on the performance of the BMED process were studied. When the reaction conditions were optimized, it was concluded that an initial salt chamber volume of 200 mL and a salt concentration of 0.3 mol/L provided the maximum benefit. A high current density leads to high energy consumption but with high current efficiency; therefore, the optimum current density was identified as 30 mA/cm2. Under the optimized conditions, the total economic cost of the BMED process was calculated as 2.243 USD·kg−1LiOH. As well as solving the problem of recycling waste lithium bromide, the process also represents a novel production methodology for lithium hydroxide. Given the prices of lithium hydroxide and hydrobromic acid, the process is both environmentally friendly and economical.

Formation of nanophases in a Cu–Zn alloy under high current density electropulsing

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2065-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Zhang ◽  
M. L. Sui ◽  
K. Y. Hu ◽  
D. X. Li ◽  
X. N. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
High Current ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electropulsing Treatment ◽  
Zn Alloy

The microstructure of samples before and after a high current density electropulsing treatment was characterized by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It has been found that in the coarse-grained Cu–Zn alloy subjected to the electropulsing treatment, two nanophases were formed, α–Cu(Zn) and β′–(CuZn), the average grain size of which is about 11 nm. A possible mechanism for the formation of nanophases was proposed. The experimental results indicated that electropulsing, as an instantaneous high-energy input, plays an important role in the nonequilibrium microstructural changes in materials and serves as a potential processing approach to synthesize nanostructured materials.

scholarly journals Lithium Metal Anode for High-Power and High-Capacity Rechargeable Batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Imanishi ◽  
◽  
Daisuke Mori ◽  
Sou Taminato ◽  
Yasuo Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Current Status ◽  
High Current ◽  
Lithium Metal

Because lithium metal exhibits high specific capacity and low potential, it is the best candidate for fabricating anodes for batteries. Rechargeable batteries fabricated using lithium anode exhibit high capacity and high potential cathode; these can be potentially used to fabricate high energy density batteries (>500 Wh kg–1) that can be used for the development of next-generation electric vehicles. However, the formation and growth of lithium dendrites and the low coulombic efficiency recorded during lithium plating and stripping under conditions of high current density hinder the use of lithium metal as the anodic material for the development of practical rechargeable batteries. In this short review, we outline the current status and prospects of lithium anodes for fabricating batteries in the presence of non-aqueous liquid, polymer, and solid electrolytes operated under conditions of high current density.

Analysis of Geometrical Design Parameters for High-Energy and High-Current-Density Pseudospark-Sourced Electron Beam Emission

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 2688-2693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj Kumar ◽  
Dharmendra Kumar Pal ◽  
Ram Prakash Lamba ◽  
Udit Narayan Pal ◽  
Ram Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
High Current ◽  
Geometrical Design

Enhanced Ion Transport in an Ether Aided Super Concentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Long-Life Practical Lithium Metal Battery Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urbi Pal ◽  
Fangfang Chen ◽  
Derick Gyabang ◽  
Thushan Pathirana ◽  
Binayak Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Lithium Metal Battery

We explore a novel ether aided superconcentrated ionic liquid electrolyte; a combination of ionic liquid, <i>N</i>-propyl-<i>N</i>-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (C<sub>3</sub>mpyrFSI) and ether solvent, <i>1,2</i> dimethoxy ethane (DME) with 3.2 mol/kg LiFSI salt, which offers an alternative ion-transport mechanism and improves the overall fluidity of the electrolyte. The molecular dynamics (MD) study reveals that the coordination environment of lithium in the ether aided ionic liquid system offers a coexistence of both the ether DME and FSI anion simultaneously and the absence of ‘free’, uncoordinated DME solvent. These structures lead to very fast kinetics and improved current density for lithium deposition-dissolution processes. Hence the electrolyte is used in a lithium metal battery against a high mass loading (~12 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>) LFP cathode which was cycled at a relatively high current rate of 1mA/cm<sup>2</sup> for 350 cycles without capacity fading and offered an overall coulombic efficiency of >99.8 %. Additionally, the rate performance demonstrated that this electrolyte is capable of passing current density as high as 7mA/cm<sup>2</sup> without any electrolytic decomposition and offers a superior capacity retention. We have also demonstrated an ‘anode free’ LFP-Cu cell which was cycled over 50 cycles and achieved an average coulombic efficiency of 98.74%. The coordination chemistry and (electro)chemical understanding as well as the excellent cycling stability collectively leads toward a breakthrough in realizing the practical applicability of this ether aided ionic liquid electrolytes in lithium metal battery applications, while delivering high energy density in a prototype cell.

Three-dimensional porous copper-decorated bismuth-based nanofoam for boosting electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingchun Zhang ◽  
Changsheng Cao ◽  
Xintao Wu ◽  
Qi-Long Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
High Current ◽  
Porous Copper ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Co2 Reduction Reaction ◽  
Wide Potential

Bismuth (Bi)-based nanomaterials are considered as the promising electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), but it is challenging to achieve high current density and selectivity in a wide potential...

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