scholarly journals From Inner Topological Structure to Functional Nanofibers: Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Verification

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Dan Tian ◽  
Chunhui He
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Prediction ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Topological Structure ◽  
Spider Silk ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Functional Nanofibers ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The mechanical strength of spider silk is the highest among all natural fibers, and its flexibility is also excellent; this phenomenon can be explained geometrically, due to its hierarchical structure, the last cascade of which beginning with well-ordered macromolecules. The inner topological structure of a nanofiber plays an important role in controlling its functions, e.g., its mechanical, electrical and chemical properties. This paper shows that nanoparticles can be well-ordered in the electrospinning process as a result, the nanofibers’ properties can be adjusted. Some experiments are designed to verify our theoretical prediction.

scholarly journals Free-standing spider silk webs of the thomisid Saccodomus formivorus are made of composites comprising micro- and submicron fibers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Haynl ◽  
Jitraporn Vongsvivut ◽  
Kai R. H. Mayer ◽  
Hendrik Bargel ◽  
Vanessa J. Neubauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spider Silk ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Crab Spiders ◽  
Ambush Predators ◽  
The Web ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Our understanding of the extraordinary mechanical and physico-chemical properties of spider silk is largely confined to the fibers produced by orb-weaving spiders, despite the diversity of foraging webs that occur across numerous spider families. Crab spiders (Thomisidae) are described as ambush predators that do not build webs, but nevertheless use silk for draglines, egg cases and assembling leaf-nests. A little-known exception is the Australian thomisid Saccodomus formivorus, which constructs a basket-like silk web of extraordinary dimensional stability and structural integrity that facilitates the capture of its ant prey. We examined the physical and chemical properties of this unusual web and revealed that the web threads comprise microfibers that are embedded within a biopolymeric matrix containing additionally longitudinally-oriented submicron fibers. We showed that the micro- and submicron fibers differ in their chemical composition and that the web threads show a remarkable lateral resilience compared with that of the major ampullate silk of a well-investigated orb weaver. Our novel analyses of these unusual web and silk characteristics highlight how investigations of non-model species can broaden our understanding of silks and the evolution of foraging webs.

Available Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Natural Fibers

2018 ◽  
pp. 110-136
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Natural fibers are so attracting in comparison to synthetic fibers since they exhibit good properties like the low cost, good specific mechanical properties and their requirements of low energy during production. However, natural fibers hold some drawbacks which must be consider in comparison to the synthetic fibers like their high moisture absorption, low mechanical properties, heat resistance and durability and the variation in their prices and quality. In order to choose the suitable natural fiber for the selected application, their mechanical and chemical properties can be helpful for taking the right decision. In this chapter, a wide research is done in order to provide as much as possible the available mechanical and chemical properties of natural fibers of bast, leaf, seed, stalk, and wood categories from the most trusted publications. The specific mechanical properties of natural fibers are then calculated for a better comparison at the level of composites.

Physical and chemical properties of green composites: Starch reinforced with natural fibers

MRS Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Guerrero-Lara ◽  
G. Pineda-Chacón ◽  
Y. Jiménez-Flores ◽  
M. B. Ortuño-López ◽  
V. Saucedo-Rivalcoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Green Composites ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

scholarly journals Spider silk of Linothele fallax and Linothele megatheloides (Mygalomorphae, Dipluridae) does not affect the growth of bacteria

Biologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1679-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Szymkowiak ◽  
Maryia Tsiareshyna ◽  
Ryszard Koczura
Keyword(s):  
Spider Silk ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nerve Grafts ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Due to physical and chemical properties as well as biocompatibility, spider silk has a great potential for use in medicine and biotechnology. It is applicable in the regeneration of the skin and nerve grafts. In this work, antibacterial property of spider silk was investigated. This feature would be especially useful for the application of spider threads in medicine. Silk of the spiders Linothele fallax (Mello-Leitão, 1926) and Linothele megatheloides Paz & Raven, 1990 was tested on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. Prior to inoculation, thesilk was weighed, sterilized with hydrogen peroxide and the effect of the silk on bacteria was tested in Mueller-Hinton broth. A lack of antibacterial properties of the silk of L. fallax and L. megatheloides was observed. The results on antimicrobial properties of silk of mygalomorph spiders are published for the first time.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

The microstructure of a TiB2/Ti-47 Al composite material

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 674-675
Author(s):  
O. Popoola ◽  
A.H. Heuer ◽  
P. Pirouz
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Intermetallic Alloys ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diamond Polishing ◽  
Al Composite ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Argon Ion ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The addition of fibres or particles (TiB2, SiC etc.) into TiAl intermetallic alloys could increase their toughness without compromising their good high temperature mechanical and chemical properties. This paper briefly discribes the microstructure developed by a TiAl/TiB2 composite material fabricated with the XD™ process and forged at 960°C.The specimens for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were prepared in the usual way (i.e. diamond polishing and argon ion beam thinning) and examined on a JEOL 4000EX for microstucture and on a Philips 400T equipped with a SiLi detector for microanalyses.The matrix was predominantly γ (TiAl with L10 structure) and α2(TisAl with DO 19 structure) phases with various morphologies shown in figure 1.

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