scholarly journals A Review on the Use of Membrane Technology Systems in Developing Countries

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayati Othman ◽  
Nur Hashimah Alias ◽  
Nurul Syazana Fuzil ◽  
Fauziah Marpani ◽  
Munawar Zaman Shahruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
The Past ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Membrane Technologies

Fulfilling the demand of clean potable water to the general public has long been a challenging task in most developing countries due to various reasons. Large-scale membrane water treatment systems have proven to be successful in many advanced countries in the past two decades. This paves the way for developing countries to study the feasibility and adopt the utilization of membrane technology in water treatment. There are still many challenges to overcome, particularly on the much higher capital and operational cost of membrane technology compared to the conventional water treatment system. This review aims to delve into the progress of membrane technology for water treatment systems, particularly in developing countries. It first concentrates on membrane classification and its application in water treatment, including membrane technology progress for large-scale water treatment systems. Then, the fouling issue and ways to mitigate the fouling will be discussed. The feasibility of membrane technologies in developing countries was then evaluated, followed by a discussion on the challenges and opportunities of the membrane technology implementation. Finally, the current trend of membrane research was highlighted to address future perspectives of the membrane technologies for clean water production.

A review of current and developing potable water treatment processes

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
D G Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Scale Of Operation ◽  
Potable Water Treatment

The changes in water treatment technology that have occurred within the United Kingdom over the past 25–30 years, together with the present direction of development, are reviewed. Water treatment for public supply differs from many other process technologies, notably in the large scale of operation, the longevity of the plant, the regulatory environment and the slow rate at which new processes can be introduced. Thus, many developments are initiated as a result of regulatory requirements rather than economic factors. Reliability is paramount, and this leads to mechanical simplicity.

IT Implementation in a Developing Country Municipality

2010 ◽  
pp. 399-418
Author(s):  
Clive Sanford ◽  
Anol Bhattacherjee
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Technological Frames ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Project Failures ◽  
Fishbone Diagram ◽  
High Level

This article presents an interpretive analysis of the key problems and challenges to technology implementation in developing countries, based on a three-year case analysis of an IT project in a city government in Ukraine. We employ the concept of technological frames of reference as an analytical tool for articulating the group-level structures related to the implementation context from the perspectives of key stakeholders and examine the degree of conflict between these frames using a Fishbone diagram. We report that conflict between technological frames held by key stakeholders in large-scale system implementation projects often create an unexpected, dysfunctional, and politically charged implementation environment, ultimately leading to project failures, even if the project enjoys a high level of financial and management support. This, in turn, creates unique challenges for technology implementation projects in developing countries that are often overlooked in the traditional academic and practitioner literatures based on experiences from developed countries.

Current Situation and Outlook on Biological Treatment of Wastewater in Metallic Mine

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2460-2463
Author(s):  
Si Qing Liu ◽  
Bao Xu Song ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Wan Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Application Range ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Fundamental Research

Wastewater in mining and concentration operations is of high acidity, and contains a vast array of heavy metal ions, and some organic compounds. Biological treatment of the wastewater in some metallic-ore mines and concentrators are reviewed. There is a fast development of biological process from fundamental research to large scale commercial application in the past 20 years. Compared with other processes, biological process has an excellent performance without secondary pollution, including its wide pH application range, small investment and low operational cost. Biological process is still a promising process in treating wastewater for mining industry.

IT Implementation in a Developing Country Municipality

2011 ◽  
pp. 400-419
Author(s):  
Clive Sanford ◽  
Anol Bhattacherjee
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Technological Frames ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Project Failures ◽  
Fishbone Diagram ◽  
High Level

This article presents an interpretive analysis of the key problems and challenges to technology implementation in developing countries, based on a three-year case analysis of an IT project in a city government in Ukraine. We employ the concept of technological frames of reference as an analytical tool for articulating the group-level structures related to the implementation context from the perspectives of key stakeholders and examine the degree of conflict between these frames using a Fishbone diagram. We report that conflict between technological frames held by key stakeholders in large-scale system implementation projects often create an unexpected, dysfunctional, and politically charged implementation environment, ultimately leading to project failures, even if the project enjoys a high level of financial and management support. This, in turn, creates unique challenges for technology implementation projects in developing countries that are often overlooked in the traditional academic and practitioner literatures based on experiences from developed countries.

IT Implementation in a Developing Country Municipality

2009 ◽  
pp. 1608-1628
Author(s):  
Clive Sanford ◽  
Anol Bhattacherjee
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Technological Frames ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Project Failures ◽  
Fishbone Diagram ◽  
High Level

This article presents an interpretive analysis of the key problems and challenges to technology implementation in developing countries, based on a three-year case analysis of an IT project in a city government in Ukraine. We employ the concept of technological frames of reference as an analytical tool for articulating the group-level structures related to the implementation context from the perspectives of key stakeholders and examine the degree of conflict between these frames using a Fishbone diagram. We report that conflict between technological frames held by key stakeholders in large-scale system implementation projects often create an unexpected, dysfunctional, and politically charged implementation environment, ultimately leading to project failures, even if the project enjoys a high level of financial and management support. This, in turn, creates unique challenges for technology implementation projects in developing countries that are often overlooked in the traditional academic and practitioner literatures based on experiences from developed countries.

scholarly journals Increases in canopy mortality and their impact on the demographic structure of Europe’s forests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius Senf ◽  
Julius Sebald ◽  
Rupert Seidl
Keyword(s):  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forest Demography

AbstractPulses of tree mortality have been reported for many ecosystems across the globe recently. Yet, large-scale trends in tree mortality remain poorly quantified. Manually analyzing more than 680,000 satellite image chips at 19,896 plot locations, we here show that forest canopy mortality in Europe has continuously increased since 1985 (+1.5 ± 0.28 % yr-1), with the highest canopy mortality rate of the past 34 years observed in 2018 (1.14 ± 0.16 %). Using simulations, we demonstrate that a continued increase in canopy mortality will strongly alter forest demography, with the median forest age falling below 30 years in more than 50% of Europe’s countries by 2050. These demographic changes can have substantial cascading effects on forest regeneration, biodiversity, and carbon storage. The current trend of increasing canopy mortality is thus challenging the future of Europe’s forests, and should be a key priority of forest policy and management.

scholarly journals Groundwater and human development: challenges and opportunities in livelihoods and environment

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Groundwater Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Groundwater Irrigation ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Renewable Water Resource

At less than 1,000 km3/year, the world's annual use of groundwater is 1.5% of renewable water resource but contributes a lion's share of water-induced human welfare. Global groundwater use however has increased manifold in the past 50 years; and the human race has never had to manage groundwater use on such a large scale. Sustaining the massive welfare gains groundwater development has created without ruining the resource is a key water challenge facing the world today. In exploring this challenge, we have focused a good deal on conditions of resource occurrence but less so on resource use. I offer a typology of five groundwater demand systems as Groundwater Socio-ecologies (GwSE), each embodying a unique pattern of interactions between socio-economic and ecological variables, and each facing a distinct groundwater governance challenge. During the past century, a growing corpus of experiential knowledge has accumulated in the industrialized world on managing groundwater in various uses and contexts. A daunting global groundwater issue today is to apply this knowledge intelligently to by far the more formidable challenge that has arisen in developing regions of Asia and Africa, where groundwater irrigation has evolved into a colossal anarchy supporting billions of livelihoods but threatening the resource itself.

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