scholarly journals Nanomechanical Characterization for Cold Spray: From Feedstock to Consolidated Material Properties

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryer C. Sousa ◽  
Matthew A. Gleason ◽  
Baillie Haddad ◽  
Victor K. Champagne ◽  
Aaron T. Nardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Spray ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
High Deposition Rate ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Nanoindentation Testing ◽  
Measurement Mode ◽  
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Continuous Stiffness Measurement ◽  
Metal Additive

Cold gas-dynamic spray is a solid-state materials consolidation technology that has experienced successful adoption within the coatings, remanufacturing and repair sectors of the advanced manufacturing community. As of late, cold spray has also emerged as a high deposition rate metal additive manufacturing method for structural and nonstructural applications. As cold spray enjoys wider recognition and adoption, the demand for versatile, high-throughput and significant methods of particulate feedstock as well consolidated materials characterization has also become more notable. In order to address the interest for such an instrument, nanoindentation is presented herein as a viable means of achieving the desired mechanical characterization abilities. In this work, conventionally static nanoindentation testing using both Berkovich and spherical indenter tips, as well as nanoindentation using the continuous stiffness measurement mode of testing, will be applied to a range of powder-based feedstocks and cold sprayed materials.

Material Properties of Thick Aluminum Coating Made by Cold Gas Dynamic Spray Deposition

2007 ◽  
Vol 345-346 ◽  
pp. 1097-1100
Author(s):  
Jae Chul Lee ◽  
Doo Man Chun ◽  
Sung Hoon Ahn ◽  
Caroline S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cold Spray ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Gas Dynamic ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Scale Deposition ◽  
Cold Gas

Cold gas dynamic spray is a relatively new coating process by which coatings can be produced without significant heating during the process. Cold gas dynamic spray is conducted by powder sprayed using supersonic gas jet, and generally called the kinetic spray or cold spray. Its low process temperature can minimize the thermal stress and also reduce the deformation of the substrate. In this study, thick or macro scale deposition was studied while most researches on cold-spray have focused on micro scale coating. Measured material properties of macro scale deposition layer showed that elastic modulus and hardness were lower and electrical resistivity was higher than those of reference substrate material. The main causes of changed material properties were investigated by FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) and EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer) data. In this result, porous micro structure generated by imperfect plastic deformation might cause decrease in elastic modulus and hardness of the deposition layer by cold spray, and oxidized Al particles increased the electrical resistivity.

Characterization of Cold Spray Titanium Deposits by X-Ray Microscopy and Microtomography

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saden H. Zahiri ◽  
Sheridan C. Mayo, ◽  
Mahnaz Jahedi
Keyword(s):  
Cold Spray ◽  
Commercial Purity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Titanium Structure ◽  
Porosity Measurements ◽  
Deposition Technology ◽  
Unique Capability

AbstractCold gas dynamic spray (cold spray) is a rapid deposition technology in which particles deposit at velocities above the speed of sound (∼340 ms−1). Generally, porosity forms in cold spray deposits due to insufficient deformation of particles. In this study, the unique capability of the X-ray microscopy and microtomography is utilized to visualize the internal structure of deposited material. The results show that this characterization technique successfully reveals porosities in the cold spray commercial purity (CP) titanium structure. Furthermore, microtomography images confirmed the experimental results for porosity measurements in which helium (compared with nitrogen) as carrier gas significantly decreases porosity in cold spray CP titanium.

scholarly journals Porosity Characterization of Cold Sprayed Stainless Steel Coating Using Three-Dimensional X-ray Microtomography

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Jérôme Adrien ◽  
Bernard Normand
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cold Spray ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steel Coating ◽  
Coating Morphology ◽  
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Non Destructive

Cold gas-dynamic spray (cold spray) is an evolving coating deposition and restoration technology in which particles are deposited above the sonic speed. This paper presents the non-destructive three-dimensional characterization of cold sprayed stainless steel coating. The visualization of coating morphology and volumetric porosity and the analyses of porosity size and spatial distributions confirmed that dense stainless steel coating with non-connected, micron-sized gradient porosity can be successfully produced by cold spray. The suitability of X-ray tomography for characterizing cold sprayed coatings was also assessed.

scholarly journals Porosity Characterization of Cold Sprayed Stainless Steel Coating Using Three-Dimensional X-ray Microtomography

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Jérôme Adrien ◽  
Bernard Normand
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cold Spray ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steel Coating ◽  
Coating Morphology ◽  
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Non Destructive

Cold gas-dynamic spray (cold spray) is an evolving coating deposition and restoration technology in which particles are deposited above the sonic speed. This paper presents the non-destructive three-dimensional characterization of cold sprayed stainless steel coating. The visualization of coating morphology and volumetric porosity, and the analyses of porosity size and spatial distributions confirmed that dense stainless steel coating with non-connected, micron-sized gradient porosity is successfully produced by cold spray. The suitability of X-ray tomography for characterizing cold sprayed coatings is assessed.

Cold Gas Dynamic Spray Technology: The Simulation of Aerodynamics of Flow

2019 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Cui ◽  
Andrew G. Gerber ◽  
Gobinda C. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Flow Model ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Thin Coatings ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Gas Dynamic ◽  
Computational Flow Dynamics ◽  
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Cold Gas

Cold gas dynamic spray (CGDS) is a solid-state material additive manufacturing method where the particulate feedstock is accelerated under high pressure and relatively low temperature to supersonic condition to develop thin coatings or 3D freeform objects. In this paper, a literature review of the CGDS state-of-art, explanation of fundamentals of gas dynamic principles required to generate supersonic flow condition, and demonstration of a flow model based on computational flow dynamics (CFD) are presented. The focus of the preliminary 3D CFD model validation is the demonstration aerodynamics structures such as shocks that appear in the CGDS problem.

Microstructure Refinement of Cold-Sprayed Copper Investigated By Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1499-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinyin Zhang ◽  
Nicolas Brodusch ◽  
Sylvie Descartes ◽  
Richard R. Chromik ◽  
Raynald Gauvin
Keyword(s):  
Cold Spray ◽  
Structure Refinement ◽  
Schematic Model ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Electron Channeling ◽  
Copper Coatings ◽  
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Impact Characteristics

AbstractThe electron channeling contrast imaging technique was used to investigate the microstructure of copper coatings fabricated by cold gas dynamic spray. The high velocity impact characteristics for cold spray led to the formation of many substructures, such as high density dislocation walls, dislocation cells, deformation twins, and ultrafine equiaxed subgrains/grains. A schematic model is proposed to explain structure refinement of Cu during cold spray, where an emphasis is placed on the role of dislocation configurations and twinning.

Thin Film Coatings of WO3 by Cold Gas Dynamic Spray: A Technical Note

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Yong Lee ◽  
Young Ho Yu ◽  
Young Cheol Lee ◽  
Young Pyo Hong ◽  
Kyung Hyun Ko
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Film Coatings ◽  
Thin Film Coatings ◽  
Gas Dynamic ◽  
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Cold Gas

A Novel Modeling Method to Study the Oxide Layer Effect on Metallic Bonding in Cold Gas Dynamic Spray Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Rahmati ◽  
Bertrand Jodoin ◽  
R.G.A. Veiga ◽  
A. Zúñiga
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Spray Process ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Layer Effect ◽  
Element Approach ◽  
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Metallic Bonding ◽  
Theory And Experiments

Abstract In this study; a new physically-based finite element approach is proposed to model and predict the superficial oxide layer removal and the occurrence of localized metallic bonding during particle impacts. The process physics; based on explosive welding theory and experiments; and method implementation is presented. Prediction of critical velocity of copper is obtained and compared to experimental data to validate the model. Moreover; the model is also able to show the bonding locations at the interface between particles and substrate. The predicted bonding locations are consistent with experimental data from literature for several metals.

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