Characterization of Cold Spray Titanium Deposits by X-Ray Microscopy and Microtomography

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saden H. Zahiri ◽  
Sheridan C. Mayo, ◽  
Mahnaz Jahedi
Keyword(s):  
Cold Spray ◽  
Commercial Purity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Titanium Structure ◽  
Porosity Measurements ◽  
Deposition Technology ◽  
Unique Capability

AbstractCold gas dynamic spray (cold spray) is a rapid deposition technology in which particles deposit at velocities above the speed of sound (∼340 ms−1). Generally, porosity forms in cold spray deposits due to insufficient deformation of particles. In this study, the unique capability of the X-ray microscopy and microtomography is utilized to visualize the internal structure of deposited material. The results show that this characterization technique successfully reveals porosities in the cold spray commercial purity (CP) titanium structure. Furthermore, microtomography images confirmed the experimental results for porosity measurements in which helium (compared with nitrogen) as carrier gas significantly decreases porosity in cold spray CP titanium.

scholarly journals Porosity Characterization of Cold Sprayed Stainless Steel Coating Using Three-Dimensional X-ray Microtomography

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Jérôme Adrien ◽  
Bernard Normand
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cold Spray ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steel Coating ◽  
Coating Morphology ◽  
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Non Destructive

Cold gas-dynamic spray (cold spray) is an evolving coating deposition and restoration technology in which particles are deposited above the sonic speed. This paper presents the non-destructive three-dimensional characterization of cold sprayed stainless steel coating. The visualization of coating morphology and volumetric porosity and the analyses of porosity size and spatial distributions confirmed that dense stainless steel coating with non-connected, micron-sized gradient porosity can be successfully produced by cold spray. The suitability of X-ray tomography for characterizing cold sprayed coatings was also assessed.

scholarly journals Porosity Characterization of Cold Sprayed Stainless Steel Coating Using Three-Dimensional X-ray Microtomography

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Jérôme Adrien ◽  
Bernard Normand
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cold Spray ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steel Coating ◽  
Coating Morphology ◽  
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Non Destructive

Cold gas-dynamic spray (cold spray) is an evolving coating deposition and restoration technology in which particles are deposited above the sonic speed. This paper presents the non-destructive three-dimensional characterization of cold sprayed stainless steel coating. The visualization of coating morphology and volumetric porosity, and the analyses of porosity size and spatial distributions confirmed that dense stainless steel coating with non-connected, micron-sized gradient porosity is successfully produced by cold spray. The suitability of X-ray tomography for characterizing cold sprayed coatings is assessed.

Material Properties of Thick Aluminum Coating Made by Cold Gas Dynamic Spray Deposition

2007 ◽  
Vol 345-346 ◽  
pp. 1097-1100
Author(s):  
Jae Chul Lee ◽  
Doo Man Chun ◽  
Sung Hoon Ahn ◽  
Caroline S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cold Spray ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Gas Dynamic ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Scale Deposition ◽  
Cold Gas

Cold gas dynamic spray is a relatively new coating process by which coatings can be produced without significant heating during the process. Cold gas dynamic spray is conducted by powder sprayed using supersonic gas jet, and generally called the kinetic spray or cold spray. Its low process temperature can minimize the thermal stress and also reduce the deformation of the substrate. In this study, thick or macro scale deposition was studied while most researches on cold-spray have focused on micro scale coating. Measured material properties of macro scale deposition layer showed that elastic modulus and hardness were lower and electrical resistivity was higher than those of reference substrate material. The main causes of changed material properties were investigated by FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) and EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer) data. In this result, porous micro structure generated by imperfect plastic deformation might cause decrease in elastic modulus and hardness of the deposition layer by cold spray, and oxidized Al particles increased the electrical resistivity.

Characterization of Laser Cladding WC-Ti Composite Coatings

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 1316-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Bin Zhang ◽  
Ding Fan ◽  
Min Zheng ◽  
Yao Ning Sun ◽  
Yu Feng Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Commercial Purity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Commercial Purity Titanium ◽  
Clad Layer ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Mechanism Of The Reaction

The applications of titanium and titanium alloys under severe wear conditions are highly restricted due to their low hardness and poor tribological properties. To improve the hardness and wear resistance, laser cladding of commercial purity titanium was carried out with a 5 kW continuous wave CO2 laser. WC powders and Ti powders were mixed for cladding in different proportions. The phases of clad layer were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer and energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The mechanism of the reaction between melted WC and Ti is discussed.

On the characterization of bulk copper produced by cold gas dynamic spray processing in as fabricated and annealed conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 528 (28) ◽  
pp. 8174-8178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Eason ◽  
Jason A. Fewkes ◽  
Shane C. Kennett ◽  
Timothy J. Eden ◽  
Karem Tello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Dynamic ◽  
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Spray Processing ◽  
Cold Gas

Surface Characterization of Chemical-Mechanical Polished GaAs by Inclined Bragg Plane Triple Crystal X-Ray Diffraction

1992 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor S. Wang ◽  
Richard J. Matyi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Reciprocal Lattice ◽  
Bragg Condition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reciprocal Lattice Point ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Unique Capability

ABSTRACTThe incorporation of triple crystal x-ray diffraction (TCD) under conditions of a nearly grazing incident x-ray beam provides a unique capability to characterize surface and subsurface structural damage. The effects of bromine-methanol chemical-mechanical (CM) polishing on the surface quality of GaAs were investigated by inclined Bragg plane triple crystal x-ray diffraction. GaAs samples polished under varying conditions of Br2 concentration, total polish time, polish wheel rotation speed, and force exerted on the samples were analyzed using TCD profiles from inclined (220) planes, with the samples oriented at both the exact Bragg condition, θB, and at deviations from the exact Bragg condition. As the deviation from the 220 reciprocal lattice point was increased, multiple peaks corresponding to both the dynamic and the kinematic components were observed. The peak positions and the relative intensities of the various peaks were used to characterize the effects of the CM polishing variables on the GaAs surfaces.

scholarly journals Nanomechanical Characterization for Cold Spray: From Feedstock to Consolidated Material Properties

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryer C. Sousa ◽  
Matthew A. Gleason ◽  
Baillie Haddad ◽  
Victor K. Champagne ◽  
Aaron T. Nardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Spray ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
High Deposition Rate ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Nanoindentation Testing ◽  
Measurement Mode ◽  
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Continuous Stiffness Measurement ◽  
Metal Additive

Cold gas-dynamic spray is a solid-state materials consolidation technology that has experienced successful adoption within the coatings, remanufacturing and repair sectors of the advanced manufacturing community. As of late, cold spray has also emerged as a high deposition rate metal additive manufacturing method for structural and nonstructural applications. As cold spray enjoys wider recognition and adoption, the demand for versatile, high-throughput and significant methods of particulate feedstock as well consolidated materials characterization has also become more notable. In order to address the interest for such an instrument, nanoindentation is presented herein as a viable means of achieving the desired mechanical characterization abilities. In this work, conventionally static nanoindentation testing using both Berkovich and spherical indenter tips, as well as nanoindentation using the continuous stiffness measurement mode of testing, will be applied to a range of powder-based feedstocks and cold sprayed materials.

Microstructure Refinement of Cold-Sprayed Copper Investigated By Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1499-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinyin Zhang ◽  
Nicolas Brodusch ◽  
Sylvie Descartes ◽  
Richard R. Chromik ◽  
Raynald Gauvin
Keyword(s):  
Cold Spray ◽  
Structure Refinement ◽  
Schematic Model ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Electron Channeling ◽  
Copper Coatings ◽  
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Gas Dynamic Spray ◽  
Impact Characteristics

AbstractThe electron channeling contrast imaging technique was used to investigate the microstructure of copper coatings fabricated by cold gas dynamic spray. The high velocity impact characteristics for cold spray led to the formation of many substructures, such as high density dislocation walls, dislocation cells, deformation twins, and ultrafine equiaxed subgrains/grains. A schematic model is proposed to explain structure refinement of Cu during cold spray, where an emphasis is placed on the role of dislocation configurations and twinning.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

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