scholarly journals Application of Low Melting Metals for Separation of Uranium and Zirconium in a “Fused Chloride—Liquid Alloy” System

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Volkovich ◽  
Dmitry S. Maltsev ◽  
Mariya N. Soldatova ◽  
Aleksandr A. Ryzhov ◽  
Aleksandr B. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Liquid Alloy ◽  
Cathodic Polarization ◽  
Alloy System ◽  
Liquid Gallium ◽  
Nuclear Fuels ◽  
Metal System ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Liquid Metal System ◽  
Separation Factors

Closeness of electrochemical properties of uranium and zirconium makes separation of these metals in pyroelectrochemical reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels a challenging task. Varying electrode material can change metals’ deposition potentials. The study was aimed at assessing the effect of the cathode material on deposition potentials of zirconium and uranium from 3LiCl–2KCl based melts. Solid (tungsten) and liquid (gallium, zinc, Ga–Zn, Ga–Sn and Ga–In alloy) working electrodes were tested at 532–637 °C. Galvanostatic cathodic polarization was employed and the applied cathodic current varied from 0.0001 to 1 A. Gallium–zinc eutectic alloy demonstrated the largest difference of zirconium and uranium deposition potentials. Zirconium/uranium separation factors were experimentally determined in a “molten salt—liquid metal” system for gallium and Ga–Zn eutectic based alloys.

Thermodynamic Modeling of Phase Equilibrium in Fe-Y-Cr-C-O Liquid Metal System

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 862-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Mikhailov ◽  
L.A. Makrovets
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Oxide System ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Metal System ◽  
Oxide Melt ◽  
Liquid Metal System ◽  
Existence Domain

The thermodynamic characteristics of processes in the liquid metal system Fe–Y–Cr–C–O are considered as applied to low-carbon and low-alloy metal. The critical parameters for the state diagram of the oxide system Y2O3–Cr2O3 were established based on the values quoted in literature. The temperature dependence of the melting reaction constant Y2O3·Cr2O3 was determined. The coordinates of eutectic transformation points for the system Y2O3–Cr2O3 were calculated. In accordance with subregular solution theory, the energetic parameters which are necessary to calculate the activities Cr2O3 and Y2O3 of oxide melts in the system Y2O3–Cr2O3 were determined. The energetic parameters of subregular solution theories for the oxide system FeO–Cr2O3–Y2O3 were determined based on the values for the binary systems FeO–Y2O3, FeO–Cr2O3 and Y2O3–Cr2O3. The view of this diagram, as coupled with the existence domain of liquid metal within the framework of the quaternary system Fe–Y–Cr–O–С, suggests that low-carbon chromic liquid metal when injected with yttrium can form the following non-metallic inclusions: |Cr2O3|, |Y2O3|, |FeO·Cr2O3|, |Y2O3·Cr2O3| or oxide melt (FeO, Y2O3, Cr2O3). Oxide melt may contain up to 2 % of divalent chrome (Cr2+). The equilibrium constants for the main reactions of steel deoxidation with the formation of liquid, solid and gas products of chemical reactions were also established. The activity of components dissolved in metal was calculated using interaction parameters. The set of derived expressions for the activity of components and the dependences of equilibrium constants of chemical reactions and phase transformations allowed us to diagram the surface of component solubility in liquid metal (SCSM). SCSM diagrams show the compositions of liquid metal and indicate oxide phases which are in equilibrium with liquid metal.

Mechanism of volume viscosity in the liquid metal system lead‐bismuth

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 4390-4395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Flinn ◽  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
T. A. Litovitz
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Metal System ◽  
Liquid Metal System ◽  
Volume Viscosity

Separation of Lanthanides and Actinides in a Chloride Melt - Liquid Metal System: The Effect of Phase Composition

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (15) ◽  
pp. 397-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Volkovich ◽  
D. S. Maltsev ◽  
S. Y. Melchakov ◽  
L. F. Yamshchikov ◽  
A. V. Novoselova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Metal System ◽  
Chloride Melt ◽  
Liquid Metal System

scholarly journals THE LITHIUM-SODIUM LIQUID METAL SYSTEM

1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Salmon ◽  
D. Ahmann
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Metal System ◽  
Liquid Metal System

A General Equivalent Circuit Model for a Metal/Organic/Liquid/Metal System

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 4555-4562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolo Lago ◽  
Marco Buonomo ◽  
Nicola Wrachien ◽  
Federico Prescimone ◽  
Marco Natali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Circuit Model ◽  
Metal System ◽  
Liquid Metal System ◽  
Metal Organic

Actinides recovery from molten salt/liquid metal system by electrochemical methods

1997 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Iizuka ◽  
Tadafumi Koyama ◽  
Naruhito Kondo ◽  
Reiko Fujita ◽  
Hiroshi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Electrochemical Methods ◽  
Metal System ◽  
Liquid Metal System

scholarly journals Uranium and neodymium partitioning in alkali chloride melts using low-melting gallium-based alloys

Nukleonika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Yu. Melchakov ◽  
Dmitry S. Maltsev ◽  
Vladimir A. Volkovich ◽  
Leonid F. Yamshchikov ◽  
Dmitry G. Lisienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Separation Factor ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Alloy System ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Nuclear Fuels ◽  
Alkali Chloride ◽  
Molten Chloride ◽  
Chloride Melts ◽  
Separation Factors ◽  
Stage Process

Abstract Partitioning of uranium and neodymium was studied in a ‘molten chloride salt - liquid Ga-X (X = In or Sn) alloy’ system. Chloride melts were based on the low-melting ternary LiCl-KCl-CsCl eutectic. Nd/U separation factors were calculated from the thermodynamic data as well as determined experimentally. Separation of uranium and neodymium was studied using reductive extraction with neodymium acting as a reducing agent. Efficient partitioning of lanthanides (Nd) and actinides (U), simulating fission products and fissile materials in irradiated nuclear fuels, was achieved in a single stage process. The experimentally observed Nd/U separation factor valued up to 106, depending on the conditions.

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