scholarly journals Adaptation of the Rist Operating Diagram as a Graphical Tool for the Direct Reduction Shaft

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1953
Author(s):  
Thibault Quatravaux ◽  
Jose Barros ◽  
Pascal Gardin ◽  
Gabriel Lucena
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Shaft Furnace ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Direct Reduced Iron ◽  
Graphical Tool ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minimum Quality

The blast-furnace operating diagram proposed by Rist was revised to direct reduction and was specifically applied to the Midrex NGTM process. The use of this graphical tool in the study of an industrial process highlighted the staggered nature of the reduction in the shaft furnace with, in particular, the existence of a prereduction zone in the upper part where metallization is thermodynamically impossible. A sensitivity study also showed the impact of the in situ reforming rate on the ability of the gas to completely reduce iron oxides. Finally, we graphically defined the minimum quality required for the top gas to produce direct-reduced iron.

Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Technology - Midrex and Energiron

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 654-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Feng Man Shen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Shaft Furnace ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Iron And Steel Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Direct Reduced Iron ◽  
Worldwide Production ◽  
Reforming Gas

Coke constitutes the major portion of ironmaking cost and its production causes the severe environmental concerns. So lower energy consumption, lower CO2 emission and waste recycling are driving the iron and steel industry to develop alternative, or coke-free, ironmaking process. Midrex and HYL Energiron are the leading technologies in shaft furnace direct reduction, and they account for about 76% of worldwide production. They are the most competitive ways to obtain high quality direct reduced iron (DRI) for steelmaking. Therefore, in the present paper, some detailed information about these two processes are given. Much attention has been paid on process scheme, the feedstock, DRI product, heat recovery, reforming gas, hot discharge and transportation, and by-product emission. Its very important for direct reduction development in both natural gas-rich counties and natural gas-poor counties.

The Impact of In Situ-Formed Spinel on the Porosity of No-Cement Refractory Castables

2017 ◽  
Vol 908 ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Lenka Nevřivová
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Corrosion Test ◽  
Corundum Refractory ◽  
Refractory Castables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Furnace Slag

The paper focuses on the determination of how in-situ formed magnesia-alumina spinel (MA spinel) content in corundum refractory castables influences the final properties and pore size distribution of no-cement refractory castables. The motivation for this research was the continued pressure on increasing the utility properties of refractory castables, namely their corrosion resistance to blast-furnace slag. The influence of MA spinel content was observed in vibration-compacted refractory castables (three mixtures). The corrosion test was performed to determine the dependence of the size of the slag-penetrated area on MA spinel content in the specimen. The pore structure of a slag-penetrated NCC and an unaffected castable was described.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the impact of cluster formation in a direct reduction shaft furnace through numerical simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-461
Author(s):  
Jean Philippe Santos Gherardi de Alencar ◽  
Bruno Amaral Pereira ◽  
José Adilson de Castro ◽  
Valdirene Gonzaga de Resende ◽  
Wander Luiz Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Shaft Furnace ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
The Impact

In situ Quantification of the Impact of Episodic Enhanced Turbulent Events in Large Phytoplankton

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Percy L. Donaghay ◽  
Jan Rines ◽  
James Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
The Impact

Introduction to geomicrobiology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Kirchman
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Iron Oxidation ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Chemolithoautotrophic Bacteria ◽  
The Impact

Geomicrobiology, the marriage of geology and microbiology, is about the impact of microbes on Earth materials in terrestrial systems and sediments. Many geomicrobiological processes occur over long timescales. Even the slow growth and low activity of microbes, however, have big effects when added up over millennia. After reviewing the basics of bacteria–surface interactions, the chapter moves on to discussing biomineralization, which is the microbially mediated formation of solid minerals from soluble ions. The role of microbes can vary from merely providing passive surfaces for mineral formation, to active control of the entire precipitation process. The formation of carbonate-containing minerals by coccolithophorids and other marine organisms is especially important because of the role of these minerals in the carbon cycle. Iron minerals can be formed by chemolithoautotrophic bacteria, which gain a small amount of energy from iron oxidation. Similarly, manganese-rich minerals are formed during manganese oxidation, although how this reaction benefits microbes is unclear. These minerals and others give geologists and geomicrobiologists clues about early life on Earth. In addition to forming minerals, microbes help to dissolve them, a process called weathering. Microbes contribute to weathering and mineral dissolution through several mechanisms: production of protons (acidity) or hydroxides that dissolve minerals; production of ligands that chelate metals in minerals thereby breaking up the solid phase; and direct reduction of mineral-bound metals to more soluble forms. The chapter ends with some comments about the role of microbes in degrading oil and other fossil fuels.

Bayesian analysis reveals the impact of load partitioning on microstructural evolution in Ti-6Al-4V during in-situ tensile loading

Materialia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 100993
Author(s):  
N. Armstrong ◽  
P.A. Lynch ◽  
P. Cizek ◽  
S.R. Kada ◽  
S. Slater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Modeling Bacterial Regrowth and Trihalomethane Formation in Water Distribution Systems

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Gopinathan R. Abhijith ◽  
Leonid Kadinski ◽  
Avi Ostfeld
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Growth Rate Constant ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Bacterial Regrowth ◽  
The Impact

The formation of bacterial regrowth and disinfection by-products is ubiquitous in chlorinated water distribution systems (WDSs) operated with organic loads. A generic, easy-to-use mechanistic model describing the fundamental processes governing the interrelationship between chlorine, total organic carbon (TOC), and bacteria to analyze the spatiotemporal water quality variations in WDSs was developed using EPANET-MSX. The representation of multispecies reactions was simplified to minimize the interdependent model parameters. The physicochemical/biological processes that cannot be experimentally determined were neglected. The effects of source water characteristics and water residence time on controlling bacterial regrowth and Trihalomethane (THM) formation in two well-tested systems under chlorinated and non-chlorinated conditions were analyzed by applying the model. The results established that a 100% increase in the free chlorine concentration and a 50% reduction in the TOC at the source effectuated a 5.87 log scale decrement in the bacteriological activity at the expense of a 60% increase in THM formation. The sensitivity study showed the impact of the operating conditions and the network characteristics in determining parameter sensitivities to model outputs. The maximum specific growth rate constant for bulk phase bacteria was found to be the most sensitive parameter to the predicted bacterial regrowth.

scholarly journals Solid-Phase Extraction Embedded Dialysis (SPEED), an Innovative Procedure for the Investigation of Microbial Specialized Metabolites

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Phuong-Y Mai ◽  
Géraldine Le Goff ◽  
Erwan Poupon ◽  
Philippe Lopes ◽  
Xavier Moppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Space ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Streptomyces Albidoflavus ◽  
Cultivation Process ◽  
The Impact

Solid-phase extraction embedded dialysis (SPEED technology) is an innovative procedure developed to physically separate in-situ, during the cultivation, the mycelium of filament forming microorganisms, such as actinomycetes and fungi, and the XAD-16 resin used to trap the secreted specialized metabolites. SPEED consists of an external nylon cloth and an internal dialysis tube containing the XAD resin. The dialysis barrier selects the molecular weight of the trapped compounds, and prevents the aggregation of biomass or macromolecules on the XAD beads. The external nylon promotes the formation of a microbial biofilm, making SPEED a biofilm supported cultivation process. SPEED technology was applied to the marine Streptomyces albidoflavus 19-S21, isolated from a core of a submerged Kopara sampled at 20 m from the border of a saltwater pond. The chemical space of this strain was investigated effectively using a dereplication strategy based on molecular networking and in-depth chemical analysis. The results highlight the impact of culture support on the molecular profile of Streptomyces albidoflavus 19-S21 secondary metabolites.

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