scholarly journals Modification of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Oil-Pipeline Steels by Ca-Treatment

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Sidorova ◽  
Andrey V. Karasev ◽  
Denis Kuznetsov ◽  
Pär G. Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Pipeline Steels ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Optimization And Control ◽  
Final Steel ◽  
And Control

Corrosion rate in different steel grades (including oilfield pipeline steels) is determined by the presence of non-metallic inclusions (NMI) in steels. Specifically, the effect of different inclusions on the quality of steels depends on their characteristics such as size, number, morphology, composition, and physical properties, as well as their location in the steel matrix. Therefore, the optimization and control of NMI in steels are very important today to obtain an improvement of the material properties of the final steel products. It is well known that a Ca-treatment of liquid steels in ladle before casting is an effective method for modification of non-metallic inclusions for improvement of the steel properties. Therefore, the NMI characteristics were evaluated in industrial steel samples of low carbon Ca-treated steel used for production of oil-pipelines. An electrolytic extraction technique was used for extraction of NMI from the steel samples followed by three-dimensional investigations of different inclusions and clusters by using SEM in combination with EDS. Moreover, the number and compositions of corrosion active non-metallic inclusions were estimated in hot rolled steel samples from two different heats. Finally, the corrosion resistance of these steels can be discussed depending on the characteristics of non-metallic inclusions present in the steel.

Analyzing the Features of Non-Metallic Inclusion Distribution in Ø410 mm Continuously Cast Billets of Low Carbon Steel Grades

2019 ◽  
Vol 973 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Mikhail Y. Chubukov ◽  
Dmitriy V. Rutskiy ◽  
Dmitriy P. Uskov
Keyword(s):  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Metallic Inclusion ◽  
Peritectic Steel ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Continuously Cast ◽  
Inclusion Distribution

The paper reports findings on the morphology of non-metallic inclusions in low carbon pre-peritectic and peritectic steel grades used for the fabrication of seamless pipes. It is demonstrated that the distribution of non-metallic inclusions over the cross section area of continuously cast billets is of a step-like nature conditioned by the features of billet solidification. In all the steels analyzed the non-metallic inclusions are presented by oxides, sulfides and complex oxi-sulfides not larger than 2 μm.

Application of Polymer Gel-Electrolytes for Cleaning and Restoration of Steel Objects

2014 ◽  
Vol 1040 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Oksana V. Dubinina ◽  
Galina V. Lyamina ◽  
Gennady M. Mokrousov
Keyword(s):  
Background Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Gels ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gel Electrolytes ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
And Control

Application of polymer gels for cleaning and restoration of the surface of different steel grades has been showed. Two techniques of the surface cleaning have been tested: a contact of the polymer film with an object surface; the electrochemical cleaning of metals where the polymer gel was used as a background electrolyte. It has been established that the first technique is more effective for low carbon steels and the second technique is more effective for high-alloy steels. The advantages of the application of the technique with polymer gels are localization and control of the process.

Five-Lump Kinetic Model for the Catalytic Cracking Process\

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2633-2637
Author(s):  
Raluca Dragomir ◽  
Paul Rosca ◽  
Cristina Popa
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Industrial Data ◽  
New Model ◽  
Optimization And Control ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
And Control ◽  
Matlab Programming

The main objectives of the present paper are to adaptation the five-kinetic model of the catalytic cracking process and simulation the riser to predicts the FCC products yields when one of the major input variable of the process is change. The simulation and adaptation are based on the industrial data from Romanian refinery. The adaptation is realize using a computational method from Optimization Toolbox from Matlab programming language. The new model can be used for optimization and control of FCC riser.

Optimization and Control Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Systems — Status, Trends and Needs

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-477
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Nutt
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Optimization And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Abstract Based on discussions in workshop sessions, several recurring themes became evident with respect to the optimization and control of petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems to achieve effective removal of toxic contaminants. It was apparent that statistical process control (SPC) techniques are finding more widespread use and have been found to be effective. However, the implementation of real-time process control strategies in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems is in its infancy. Considerable effort will need to be expended to demonstrate the practicality of on-line sensors, and the utility of automated process control in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems. This paper provides a summary of the discussions held at the workshop.

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