scholarly journals Microstructure Formation of Low-Carbon Ferritic Stainless Steel during High Temperature Plastic Deformation

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Shao ◽  
Xiaohua Li ◽  
Junjie Ma ◽  
Chenxi Liu ◽  
Zesheng Yan
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Deformation Rate ◽  
Deformation Temperature ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Dynamic Strain ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Stress Strain

In this paper, the effects of the deformation temperature, the deformation reduction and the deformation rate on the microstructural formation, ferritic and martensitic phase transformation, stress–strain behaviors and micro-hardness in low-carbon ferritic stainless steel were investigated. The increase in deformation temperature promotes the formation of the fine equiaxed dynamic strain-induced transformation ferrite and suppresses the martensitic transformation. The higher deformation temperature results in a lower starting temperature for martensitic transformation. The increase in deformation can effectively promote the transformation of DSIT ferrite, and decrease the martensitic transformation rate, which is caused by the work hardening effect on the metastable austenite. The increase in the deformation rate leads to an increase in the ferrite fraction, because a high density of dislocation remains that can provide sufficient nucleation sites for ferrite transformation. The slow deformation rate results in dynamic recovery according to the stress–strain curve.

Cyclic Stress-Strain Response and Martensitic Transformation Behavior for Type 304 Stainless Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 510 ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hamasaki ◽  
Eiichiro Ishimaru ◽  
Fusahito Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Martensite Volume Fraction

Stress-strain responses of type SUS304 stainless steel at large strain under uniaxial tension and cyclic loading were investigated with special reference to plastic strain induced martensitic transformation. From the experiment it was found that the martensitic transformation plays an important role for the workhardening of the material at large strain, and a new finding from the cyclic experiment is that the stagnation of martensitic transformation appears at an early stage of reverse deformation. The evolutions of martensite volume fraction during monotonic and cyclic deformations were calculated by Stringfellow model, and it was found that the model is accurate enough for predicting the martensite volume fraction vs. plastic strain curve under monotonic loading case. On the other hand, it significantly overestimates the evolution of martensite volume fraction in a cyclic deformation.

OUTOKUMPU MODA 410L/4003

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Corrosive Environments

Abstract Outokumpu Moda 410L/4003 is a weldable, extra low carbon, Cr-Ni, ferritic stainless steel that is best suited for mildly corrosive environments such as indoors, where the material is either not exposed to contact with water or gets regularly wiped dry, or outdoors, where some discoloration and superficial rusting are acceptable. It is a low-cost alternative to low-carbon non-alloy steels in certain applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1330. Producer or source: Outokumpu Oyj.

Prediction of Stress–Strain Curves of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel Considering Deformation-Induced Martensitic Transformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kumnorkaew ◽  
V. Uthaisangsuk
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Effective Stress ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Trip Effect ◽  
Stress Strain

Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect is the outstanding mechanism of austenitic stainless steel. It plays an important role in increasing formability of the steel due to higher local strain hardening during deformation. In order to better understand forming behavior of this steel grade, the strain-induced martensitic transformation of the 304 stainless steel was investigated. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed at different temperatures for the steel up to varying strain levels. Stress–strain curves and work hardening rates with typical TRIP effect characteristics were obtained. Metallographic observations in combination with X-ray diffraction method were employed for determining microstructure evolution. Higher volume fraction of martensite was found by increasing deformation level and decreasing forming temperature. Subsequently, micromechanics models based on the Mecking–Kocks approach and Gladman-type mixture law were applied to predict amount of transformed martensite and overall flow stress curves. Hereby, individual constituents of the steel and their developments were taken into account. Additionally, finite element (FE) simulations of two representative volume element (RVE) models were conducted, in which effective stress–strain responses and local stress and strain distributions in the microstructures were described under consideration of the TRIP effect. It was found that flow stress curves calculated by the mixture law and RVE simulations fairly agreed with the experimental results. The RVE models with different morphologies of martensite provided similar effective stress–strain behavior, but unlike local stress and strain distributions, which could in turn affect the strain-induced martensitic transformation.

THE FORMATION OF ULTRAFINE FERRITE THROUGH STATIC TRANSFORMATION IN LOW CARBON STEELS

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (18n19) ◽  
pp. 2804-2813
Author(s):  
Y. ADACHI ◽  
M. WAKITA ◽  
H. BELADI ◽  
P. D. HODGSON
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Temperature ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Dynamic Strain ◽  
Ultrafine Grain ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ultrafine Grain Structure

A novel approach was used to produce an ultrafine grain structure in low carbon steels with a wide range of hardenability. This included warm deformation of supercooled austenite followed by reheating in the austenite region and cooling (RHA). The ultrafine ferrite structure was independent of steel composition. However, the mechanism of ferrite refinement changed with the steel quench hardenability. In a relatively low hardenable steel, the ultrafine structure was produced through dynamic strain induced transformation, whereas the ferrite refinement was formed by static transformation in steels with high quench hardenability. The use of a model Ni -30 Fe austenitic alloy revealed that the deformation temperature has a strong effect on the nature of the intragranular defects. There was a transition temperature below which the cell dislocation structure changed to laminar microbands. It appears that the extreme refinement of ferrite is due to the formation of extensive high angle intragranular defects at these low deformation temperature that then act as sites for static transformation.

ALLEGHENY LUDLUM 430F

Alloy Digest ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract ALLEGHENY LUDLUM 430F is a low carbon, high chromium ferritic stainless steel with good machinability and corrosion resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-277. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation.

SANDMEYER 410S (UNS S41008)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Company

Abstract Sandmeyer 410S (UNS S41008) is a 13% chromium, ferritic stainless steel. It is a low carbon, non-hardening modification of Type 410 stainless steel. This non-hardening characteristic helps prevent cracking when the alloy is exposed to high temperatures or welded. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1322. Producer or source: Sandmeyer Steel Company.

High Temperature Stress-Strain Properties of a Low-Carbon Steel from Hot Machining Tests

1973 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Stevenson ◽  
P. L. B. Oxley
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Dynamic Strain ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Dynamic Strain Ageing ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Ageing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hot Machining ◽  
Conventional Machining

Machining tests are described in which the cutting speed is kept constant and the primary shear zone temperature varied through a wide range by preheating the workpiece. Variations of the constants σ1 and n of the assumed stress-strain equation σ = σ1 εn with temperature, for an estimated strain rate of 900/s, are obtained. These show a range of temperature in which dynamic strain ageing takes place. This is consistent with results of conventional machining tests on the same material in which dynamic strain ageing takes place in the secondary zone in a certain speed range. Implications of the results for the machining process are discussed and explanations suggested for variation of force with speed in conventional machining and force with temperature in hot machining.

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